2021届高考英语二轮复习（通用版）：高考英语中的语气 WORD版含答案.docx

1、高考英语中的语气 语气的种类：(1) 陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. What a fine day it is!A. 感叹句B. 强调句强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)It wa

2、s March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)It was my mother who finally called the police. My mother finally called the police. 请看下面一句，空白处是填that还是其他的什么词？It was ten oclock _ he returned home.此处不能填that，因为若填that把它视为强调句，那么就可以去掉it was?that?而使句子结构完整，意思不变，事实上并非如此，因为我们是不能说Ten oclock he returned home的，除非改为At

3、 ten oclock he returned home才是正确的。比较下面两句（第1句不是强调句，但第2句是强调句）：It was ten oclock when he returned home. It was at ten oclock that he returned home. 1. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is【解析】答案选D。注意what it is that makes him so excited为宾语从句，

4、用作动词wonder的宾语。如果去掉主句I just wonder将原句改为疑问句则是：What is it that makes him so excited?2. _ that he manage to get the information?Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it【解析】答案选C 。由答语的内容可知，空格处应填how。三、考查not?until?句式的强调句形式not.until用于强调句型时的基本形式为“It is (was) no

5、t until?that?”。如：1. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that【解析】答案选D。此题考查not?until?句式的强调形式。又如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film

6、 star. 直到她取下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名影星。2. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C. where D. before【解析】答案选B。考查not?until?句式的强调形式。又如：It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。如何对not? until?句式进行强调对not?until句式的强调有固定的句型，即It is / was n

7、ot until?that?如：It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 直到昨天我才注意到此事。It was not until I saw Mary that I felt happy. 直到见到玛丽我才高兴起来。It was not until you had explained how that I managed to do it. 直到你给我解释了理由，我才会做的。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film

8、star. 直到她取下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名影星。It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。It was not until you had explained how that I managed to do it. 直到你给我解释了理由，我才会做。请看两道题：(1) It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was

9、 until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that答案为D。此题考查not?until?句式的强调形式It was not until?that?的用法。注意不要想当然地将其中的that换成when。(2) It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. When B. that C. where D. before答案为B。考查not?until?的强调形式，其基本结构为it was not until?.that?形式。四、考查强调

10、句与非强调句的辨别1. It will soon be five years _ we came to live in Cairo.A. that B. when C. since D. as【解析】答案选C。此题不是考查强调句型，而是考查since的用法，句意为“我们来到开罗居住快五年了”。又如：It is two years since he left the country. 他离开这个国家已经两年了。/ Its quite some time since we wrote to each other. 我们互相通信已有不少时间了。2. “Was it here _ you were a

11、way talking to a friend?”“Sure. But when I got back there,it was gone.”A. that B. while C. which D. where【解析】答案选B。此题不是考查强调句型，而是考查while的用法，while在此表示“在?期间”，句意为：当你离开去跟朋友说话的时候它在这儿吗？精编陷阱题训练2. It is _ he often fails in exams _ makes his parents worried about him. A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that

12、D. / ; that3. It is the protection for the trees _ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.A. What B. that C. 不填 D. which4. It is _ my father worked _ I work now. A. where, that B. where, when C. that, where D. that, that5. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert? A. it you B. not

13、you C. you D. that you6. It was ten oclock _ he came back home. A. when B. that C. since D. after7. It was not until he came back _ he knew the police were looking for him.A. Which B. since C. that D. before【答案与解析】2. 选C。为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams。3. 选B。为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少

14、树”。4. 选A，整个句子为 it was that 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。5. 选A，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw 。6. 选A。when 表示“当的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间7. 选C。为 He didnt know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not until 的强调句式通常为 It was not until tha

15、t 的形式。(2) 祈使语气祈使句: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。A. 肯定祈使句（谓语动词用动词原形） Be careful.B. 否定祈使句（在谓语动词前加Do not / Dont / Never） Never stay up later.C. Let 开头的祈使句（Lets / Let sb +动词原形） Lets go to school.D. No+ 名词或动名词，常用于标识指示等，表示禁止，不许的含义 No parking !(3) 虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:

16、If I were you, I should study English. May you succeed! 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。 (2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假

17、设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with

18、 them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It is important (strange，natural，nece

19、ssary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the ans

20、wer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用had十过去分词。如: I wish (wished) I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为would十动词原形。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soo

21、n. 但愿你立刻来。 (2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he

22、 would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。 (2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。 注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。(3)在in order t

23、hat或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。 4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It is time (that) 句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了。如: Its (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法(1)

24、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。【虚拟语气要点精练】1.Eliza remembers everything

25、 exactly as if ityesterday.A.was happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened2.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed3.But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English

26、Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won4.Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been5.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_A. was busy B. is busy

27、C. had been busy D. will be busy6.If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow7.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 8.George is going to talk about the

28、 geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused9.If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken10.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论

29、) at the meeting. (discuss)11.-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 12.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .

30、A.would have been savedB.had been saved C.will be savedD.was saved13.-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt14.They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can

31、 C.must D.should15.Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B.hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been16.Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was

32、studying17.I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come18.-I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.-How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might hav

33、e stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen19.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended20.I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. d

34、idnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone21.It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt22.We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put23. If may car _more reliable, I would have driv

35、en to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be24.If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made25.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_more places of interest

36、 yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited26. Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished27.I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not availableA. wentB. had goneC. wo

37、uld goD. would have gone28.If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked29.Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 30. I sho

38、uld not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought31.My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would32. If he had spent more time practicing English before, he _ able to speak it much better nowA. will

39、beB. would be C has been D. would have been 33. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. wasB. beC. wereD. is34. It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.A. hadntB. haventC. didntD. don

40、t35. The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get答案与解析：1.D【解析】as if仿佛, 好像, 其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事, 仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时, 故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。2.C【解析】could have expre

41、ssed it differently.他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。3.B【解析】此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用4.D【解析】句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。5.A【解析】前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。6.C【解析】根据 “wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。7.D【解析】句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在

42、过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。8.B【解析】would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式。9.B【解析】所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。10.(should) be discussed 【解析】“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被

43、讨论”。11.D【解析】第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.12.A【解析】根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序

44、, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。13.C【解析】此处表示和过去事实相反的情况, 应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做, 而未做。14.D【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。15.A【解析】句意为“孩子们哪

45、儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。16.C【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。17.D【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。18.B【解析】句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运

46、的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。19.D【解析】句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。

47、20.A【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。21.B【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant 不可能；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。22.B【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中

48、。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。23.B【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。24.D【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。25.D【解析】本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”

49、，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。26.D【解析】A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意为：生日快乐！谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。【举一反三】情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should （not）have d

50、one 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。 27.D。【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本题的解题关键是逗号之后的句子“but I was not available”，由此可以看出，昨晚的聚会我没有参加，所以空处是与过去事实相反的动作，故正确答案是would have gone。与过去事实相反的动作，从句用had done, 主句用would/should/could/might do sth。28.D。【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包

51、含了一个条件状语从句的复合句，从主句的谓语动词would be standing 可以推出，用的是虚拟语气，这样，if就是一个虚拟条件句，“订餐”是发生在过去，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，句中谓语动词应该用had done的形式，因此锁定答案。29.C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的yesterday可以判断出是与过去的事实相反，所以主句用would have done 结构。30.C【解析】根据主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句结构为had done.。所以选A。31.A【解析】本句是一个复

52、合句，主句谓语动词suggests,后跟宾语从句，谓语动词要用（should）do sth，故答案是A。与建议，命令，要求，坚持等相关的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）do的形式。32.B【解析】本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用had done，而主句则是对现在（now）事实的一种假设，所以用would do，所以B项符合句意。33.B【解析】根据句中谓语动词 recommend 判断出后面的宾语从句应该用(should) do sth。34.A【解析】事实是带了伞，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句部分要用had/hadnt done sth的形式。35.A【解析】从句子的后半部分看，谓语动词用了would have been，说明是与过去事实相反的，故前半句应该是对过去事实的推测，应该用情态动词+ 完成式，排除选项B，D；选项C虽然是对过去情况的猜测，但意思是“本应迷路，但没迷路”，与句意不符，排除。