专题08 主谓一致(知识讲解 易错习题训练)-2022年九年级英语寒假作业查缺补漏冲刺中考(通用版).doc
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1、九年级寒假作业 查缺补漏冲刺中考(知识讲解+易错习题训练)专题08 主谓一致60题概 念主谓一致指谓语动词(包括系动词)在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。在解题过程中既要考虑谓语动词或系动词应该使用那种时态,又要考虑使用单复数的问题。主谓一致的定义个三大原则主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致,一般遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。(一)语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the
2、farm. (单数名词作主语) To study English well is not easy. (动词不定式作主语) What he said is very important for us all. (名词性从句作主语) The children were in the classroom two hours ago. (复数名词作主语) Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. (动名词作主语)(2)当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than, along with,with, like,rather
3、 than, together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excited.老师和同学们都很兴奋。I think Tom, rather than you wants to play basketball.我认为是汤姆而不是想去打篮球。The headmaster, along with his teachers, was present at the meeting yesterd
4、ay.这个校长和他的老师都参加了昨天会议(3)and, both.and.连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Mike and Sue are always playing computer games. 迈克和休总是打电脑游戏。注意:如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。The writer and teacher is introducing his new book. 这位教师兼作家正在推销他的新书。(4)在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致
5、。E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard.在定语从句中,若先行词为one of +复数名词,其定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。若先行词为the only one of +复数名词,则定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard. (先行词是friends)E.g. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.(所以先行词是one)(5)“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语
6、时,谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。Many a good student has been destroyed by computer games. 许多好学生都毁在了电脑游戏上。Every boy and every girl wants to play smart phones.每个男生和女生都想玩手机。【小叮咛】 若each 在句中作同位语,则谓语动词用复数形式。E.g. Each of us likes singing this song. E.g. We each like singing this song.
7、 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。E.g. None of us has (have) been to America. 在口语中当either或neither后跟有of+复数名词(或代词)作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。E.g. Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (二)意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员,谓语动
8、词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。Almost every family in the country owns a car. 这个国家几乎家家都有一辆汽车。My family are crazy about singing. 我们一家人都酷爱唱歌。注意:形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The police are trying their best to protect our country.警察正
9、在尽自己最大努力保护我们的国家。(2)“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球上四分之三的地方被水覆盖。70 percent of people have known about the truth.百分之七十的人知道这个真相。(3)“the形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,
10、谓语动词用复数形式。The young need to care for the old. 年轻人需要照顾老人。(4)“a number of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,“the number of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。A number of new houses have been built thereThe number of the people who know the secret is very limited(5)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Ten years is quite a long time. 1
11、5 miles seems like a long walk to me.30 dollars is too high a price for the book. (三)就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。(1)由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., not.but.等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Not only I but also she is enjoying the film. 不仅我而且她都在津津乐道地看电影Neither you nor I am goo
12、d at English . 你不擅长英语,我也不擅长(2)在there be句型中,若有几个并列成分作主语,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。There is a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table. 在桌子上,有一本书,两支铅笔和一些扣子。1_ birds are flying to the south. _ them _ over 1000.AA number of; The number of; areBA
13、number of; The number of; isCThe number of; A number of; areDThe number of; A number of; is2_ there any meat and vegetables at home?AIsBAreCHasDHave3One of _ in the world _ our motherland China.Athe oldest countries; isBthe most oldest countries; isCthe oldest countries; are4There _ a library and a
14、dining hall in our new school.AisBareCwasDwere5 _ people prefer HUA WEI phones, and about _ of them are adults.AThe number of; four-fifthsBA number of; four-fifthCA number of; four-fifths6There _ some iced tea in the cup.AareBisChaveDhas7The number of giant pandas _ getting smaller and smaller.AisBa
15、reChasDhave8Students in Grade Nine _ a big graduation party at this time yesterday.AhaveBhadCare havingDwere having9 What will the weather be like tomorrow? The radio says there _ a heavy rain in the afternoon.Awill haveBis going to haveCwill be10Doing eye exercises _ good for your health.AareBisCha
16、veDhas11Mom, my shoes _ too small. Can you buy me a new _?Ais;oneBare;onesCare;pairDis;pair12Who went to the party last night?Almost everyone did. _ lots of friends _ Mr. Wu appeared at the party.ANeither, norBEither, orCNot only, but alsoDNot, and13Can I sit here? Sorry, no room. You have to find s
17、omewhere else.Ahere hasBthis hasCthere isDit is14What _ the number of the students in your school?About 2 000. A number of them _ from the countryside.Ais, areBis, isCare, isDare, are15_ Tom _ Lily is coming.Yeah. Im so happy that they are free tomorrow. ANot only; but alsoBNeither, norCBoth, andDEi
18、ther, or16Do you know there _ a number of books on science in our school library?Yes. The number of them _ growing larger and larger.Aare, isBis, areCis, is17The population in China has reached over 1.4 billion and _ of them _ farmers.Athree fifths; beBthree fifths; areCthree fifths; is18 Tom, pleas
19、e turn down the music._Roy_Karry is sleeping. Sorry, Ill do it right away.A Either ; orBNeither ; norCBoth ; andDNot only ; but also19The number of visitors _ over 40 million this year.Yes. A large number of visitors _ so far because of the new look of our city.Ais, have comeBis, has comeCare, have
20、come20The population of the developed countries _ than _ of the developing countries.Aare smaller, thatBis smaller, thoseCis smaller, that21_ of the students in our class _ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.ATwo fifths, areBTwo fifth, areCTwo fifths, is22Not only I but also my friend _ i
21、nterested in football when we were in primary school.AamBwereCareDwas23Nobody knows _.Awhen will the rain stopBwhen the rain will stopCwhen the rain stop24_ is used to make _.AGlasses; glassBGlass; glassCGlasses; glassesDGlass; glasses25Not only the children but also their father _ in town today.Ais
22、BwereCare26Butter and cheese _ in price.Ahas gone upBis gone upChave gone upDare gone up27There used to _ an underground parking lot in our school. But now it is used to _ P.E. class.Ahave; haveBbe; haveChave; havingDbe; having28 Where is your father? He _ see the movie The Battle at Lake Changjin w
23、ith my brother.Ahas been toBhas gone toChave been to29A third of the population of the city _ their own cars.AhasBhaveChadDis30_ either you or I good at drawing?AAmBAreCIsD/31The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.Aif; riseBif; risesCwhet
24、her; roseDwhether did; rise32Do you know when the World Cup _ next week?Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you.A begins; begins Bbegins; will beginCwill begin; will beginDwill begin; begins33How do you like the two pairs of shoes?They dont fit me well. They are _ too big _ too small.Anot only; but
25、alsoBboth; andCneither; norDeither; or34All the students except Lin Tao _ here.AareBisCbeDam35Neither you nor I _ from Canada. We are from Australia.AisBareCamDbe36Not only you but also Tom _ the exam.ApassBhas passedChave passedDto pass37There is some water in that bottle, isnt _?AthereBitCthatDwha
26、t38It is _that have moved to the new house.Athe GreensBthe GreenCGreensDMr. Green39Can you hear anything unusual? Yes, there are strange _ outside the door.AvoiceBsoundsCnoiseDshout40_ Gina _ Tara are studying Chinese history and culture now. They find them amazing.ABoth; andBNot only; but alsoCEith
27、er; orDNeither; nor41Guess how much the scissors _.I think ten dollars_ enough.Ais; isBis; areCare; isDare; are42 Whose guitar is this? Susan plays the guitar. It must _.Abelong to herBbe herCbelongs to herDis hers43There _ a noisy factory here, but now it has changed into a beautiful park. How luck
28、y you are to live here!Aused to haveBused to beCwas used to haveDwas used to be44_ the boys parents_ the boy himself shows great interest in the result of the match. They are all football fans.AEither; orBBoth; andCNeither; norDNot only; but also45The movie is very popular. _ the young _ the old are
29、 interested in it.ANot only;but alsoBEither;orCBetween;and46Tom lives near school, so he usually _ to school.AwalkBwalkedCwalksDis walking47I am a fan of Liu Qian. _ his magic _ his humor attracts me.ABoth; andBNot only; but alsoCNeither; norDEither;or48Not only my friends but also I _ interested in
30、 swimming and Wang Shun is my favourite star.AbeBisCareDam49 _ not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie Looking Up?AIsBAreCAmDBe50There_ a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.I see. I will come and cheer you on.Awill haveBis going to beCis going to have51_ of the informa
31、tion _ translated into German by the _.ATwo three; is; GermanyBTwo thirds; is; GermansCTwo third; are; Germen52There are so many children _ for a chance to go abroad for further study.Really? Jane with her parents _ there.Await; have just been toBto wait; has just beenCwaiting; has just gone53About
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