河北省昌黎县2014高考英语学生自选训练（4）及答案.doc

1、河北省昌黎县2014高考英语学生自选训练（4）及答案科普知识型阅读理解(一) A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus(刺激)from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the tenmonthold son of Dr and Mrs Den

2、nis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag(滞后)in the learning process. With the aid of a sonartype electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声)T

3、he device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”， an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a batterypowered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear.

4、 A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the

5、 larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Dennis sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving his head right and left and up

6、 and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its_edge. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peekaboo with his mother. Standing on his knee and

7、facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it，” says Mrs Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with hi

8、s surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc., is working on the development of sonar(声呐) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis for use by schoolage children.1. Dr and Mrs Daughters research is directed to _Ahelping the blind

9、to see and learn as well as othersBbenefiting the learning process of blind childrenCsolving blind childrens psychological problemsDfinding out how children develop intellectually2. Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because _Ahe already lags behind the sighted childre

10、nBhe leads a life as normal as any other childrenChe is at the early stage of the learning processDhe has the aid of a sonartype electronic device3. What can we learn about infant Dennis device?AIts the first design that was designed for blind adults.BIts battery is as small as a halfdollar coin.CIt

11、 is functionally similar to a sane or guide dog.DIt has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.4. In the third paragraph, “its edge” refers to “_”Athe edge of an objectBthe edge of the deviceCthe boundary of Dennis movementDthe boundary of the pitch5. What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely

12、 to think about infant Dennis device?AIt had better be used by blind children from school age.BIt needs improving for use in a complicated environment.CIt may not be so suitable for the blind adults.DIt benefits blind children in terms of learning.【参考答案解析】B【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了一项针对盲童的学习过程的研究。1B首段第三句末的不定式“t

13、o prevent a lag(滞后) in the learning process”表明了Daughters夫妇研究的目的。另外，文章一开头就提到了本文讨论的重点是针对blind baby的，由此可见，选项B为本题答案。2C首段首句提到的a blind baby，第三句提到的tenmonthold和末句提到的infant等词都表明Dennis成为研究对象是因为Daughters夫妇研究的是盲童从小的学习过程，Dennis年龄很小，正处于学习的最初阶段，符合Daughters夫妇做研究的条件，因此选项C为本题答案。3A第二段首句中的improvement表明Dennis用的声呐定位仪是“So

14、nicguide”的改良版，也就是说“Sonicguide”是Dennis的声呐定位仪的原型。根据该句对其功能的描述可以确定选项A为本题答案。4A第三段第四句中的thanks to 表明此处解释了Dennis的声呐定位仪的运作机制，即通过声波描绘物体的形状，该句中the cone指的就是该定位仪，而its edge应指周围物体的边缘。当声波碰到物体的边缘时，就能通过声音描绘出物体的形状了，因此本题答案应为A。5D从末段末句中的schoolage children及句中的其他内容可以推断Telesensory 最可能认为Dennis的声呐定位仪有利于儿童的学习过程，因此选项D为本题答案。社会生活

15、类 Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.A high school newspaper editor said it is unf

16、air for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身) , nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递) certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just a

17、s people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more

18、 about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员) , because those people represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plen

19、ty of well- qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open- minded, I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should

20、have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.1. Which of the following is the newspaper editors opinion according to Paragraph 2?A. Peoples appearances carry messages about themselves.B. Customerschoices infl

21、uence dress standards in companies.C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.2. What can be inferred from the text?A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.B. What to wear is not a matt

22、er of personal choice for companies.C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.3. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Employees MatterB. Personal Choices MatterC. Appearances MatterD. Hi

23、ring Managers Matter4. The authors attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as.A. enthusiasticB. negativeC. positive D. sympathetic【参考答案】45.CBCB 科普知识型阅读理解(二)-ALast nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.Accordi

24、ng to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors p

25、assing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that

26、 light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution

27、. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.According to the International DarkSky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more anima

28、l casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is onl

29、y one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to

30、 turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.1It happened last night that _A. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingBthe meteors flew past before being noticedCthe city light show attracted many peopleDthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 2W

31、hat do the astronomers complain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before.BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair.CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years.DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?A. Bir

32、ds may take other migration paths.BAnimals living habits may change suddenly.CVarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.4Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to_Alessen the chance of getting cancerBcreate an ideal o

33、bservation conditionCensure citizens a good sleep at nightDenable all creatures to live in harmony5What message does the author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves.BGreat efforts should be made to save energy.CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly.DNew equipment s

34、hould be introduced for space study.【参考答案解析】A【要点综述】 本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在Flagstaff，Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 1A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A。2C细节理解题。根据第三段“have been

35、 complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。3D推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“100 million birds a year throughoutdie in cr

36、ashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选D。4B推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B。5C主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。科普知识型

37、阅读理解(一)-CA great invention by an 18yearold high school student grew out of a simple problem most teenagers meet with.“Im a teenager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage，” Eesha Khare said on Tuesday. “Thats how I cam

38、e across supercapacitors.”The teenager from California, who graduated from high school last week, won a $50，000 prize on May 17, 2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for creating a device that can store enough energy to charge a cellphone in 20 to 30 seconds. “It charges very

39、 quickly and can store a lot of energy，” Khare said. “The cool thing is that its a lot thinner than one hair.” Khare hasnt used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a lightemitting diode (LED) in order to show its capability(容量). If used on cellphones, the supercharger

40、 would slide on to the phones battery to charge it in a matter of seconds. The technology isnt available to consumers yet, and it could be years until it is.At an Intel event in Phoenix, Khare won the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award, taking second place overall in the worlds largest high scho

41、ol science research competition. She beat out more than 1，600 finalists from 70 countries. She said that she has been contacted by several companies to continue her research, but is now focused on attending Harvard University in the fall. “Right now, just my education, but hopefully well see what ha

42、ppens in the future，” she said about her plans. “I have a lot of interests, so well see what I do in the future.”1. The passage starts with _Awhat problem most teenagers meet with in lifeBhow Khare helped others with their problems【参考答案解析】C【要点综述】 一位高中生因其一项发明而在英特尔国际科学与工程大赛中胜出，并因此获得50，000美元的奖金。该发明虽然看起

43、来很小，但却能储存大量的能量，因此可以迅速给手机充电。1C根据第二段“Im a teenager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage”可知全文首先介绍Khare发明该事物的起因，故选C项。2AKhare今年18岁，再根据第三段“The teenager from California, who graduated from high school last week, won a $50，0

44、00 prize on May 17, 2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair”可知该文写于2013年，由此可推断她应该出生于1995年。3D根据第五段“The technology isnt available to consumers yet, and it could be years until it is.”可知该发明尚未投入使用，故选D项。4C根据第五段“Khare hasnt used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a lightemitting diode (LED) in order to show its capability(容量)”可判断选C项。5B根据最后两段可知Khare当前的计划是要进入哈佛大学读书，故选B项。