2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊[11]美国的经济体制（含注解与翻译）.docx

1、2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊11（含翻译与重点词汇短语注解）WhatistheeconomicsystemintheUnitedStates?Answer:Capitalisteconomy;Marketeconomy美国的经济体制是？答案：资本主义经济；市场经济 economic system 经济体制 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 market economy 市场经济Explanation:If you want to start a business, maybe by opening a restaurant or a clothing store,

2、 the United States is a good place to do it.This is because the U.S. hasa capitalist, or market, economy,making it acceptable and fairly easy forprivate entities(or individuals and businesses that are not owned by the government) to buy, sell, and trade things for money withoutgovernment interferenc

3、e(or involvement by the government).In the U.S., the government doesnt decide how much things should cost or how much of something should be produced (or made).Instead, prices and production are decided based on a system calledsupply and demand, which refers to how much of a thing exists and how man

4、y people want to have that thing.解释：如果你想创业，比如开餐馆或服饰店，美国是个创业的好地方。这是因为美国的资本主义经济或市场经济，商品买卖不受政府干预，这让私营业主的买卖行为变得更合理更便捷。在美国，商品的价格和产量不是由政府决定，而是由供求系统决定，它涉及产品的供应量和需求量。 private entities 私营业主 governmentinterference 政府干预 supply and demand 供求Howdoweknowhowmuchsupplyanddemandthereisforaproduct?There are two impor

5、tant factors.The first is profit (or money a business gets by selling something), and the second isself-interest,which is when a person makes decisions based on what is best for him or herself, without paying attention to what is best for other people.我们是怎么知道某种产品的供求量？有下面两大因素。第一个因素是利润，第二个因素是私利，也就是某人作

6、出决定的时候是以最有益于他自己为基础，而不是以最有益于别人为基础。A man namedAdam Smithis considered the father of American capitalism.He wrote about his ideas in a famous book calledThe Wealth of Nations.He believed that a capitalist system is run byan invisible hand.The invisible handis the idea that there is no need for governme

7、nt interference in the economy because the self-interest of individuals willserve the greater good(or the maximum benefits for everyone in society).To understand this idea, imagine that a store near your home sells a piece of candy for $20.You think that this price is too high, but it is the only pl

8、ace to buy candy, so if you want candy, you have to pay the $20.However, if the store across the street begins selling the same piece of candy for $1, you will actin your own self-interestand buy the less expensive candy.The more expensive store will be forced to lower its candy prices to compete wi

9、th the cheaper store, or else it wont sell any candy and wont make any profit.In this situation, everyone involved hasacted out of self-interest, and the final result is a lower price for candy.The lower prices willserve the greater good ofeveryone in the neighborhood, because everyone can buy more

10、candy.This is the basic principle (or explanation) behind the invisible hand and the United Statesmarket economy.亚当斯密被称为美国资本主义之父。他把他的思想写进了他的名著国富论中。他认为资本主义制度是靠“看不见的手”运转的。“看不见的手”的思想是政府不必干预经济，因为个人私利会使社会大众获得最大利益。要理解该思想，设想你家附近的商店的一块糖果卖20美元。你觉得这个价格过高，但能买糖果的地方仅此一家，所以如果你想吃糖果，就得支付20美元。但如果街对面的商店的同样一块糖果卖1美元，你受

11、私利驱使会买更便宜的糖果。糖果价格高的商店将被迫降低糖果价格来与糖果更便宜的商店竞争，否则它的糖果将卖不出去，也就不能获利。在这种情形下，每个参与者都出于私利，最终的结果是糖果的价格更低。低价也使附近居民获益，因为他们能买到更多的糖果。这就是“看不见的手”和美国市场经济的基本原理。拓展资料：市场经济（Market Economy）是指通过市场配置社会资源的经济形式。简单地说，市场就是商品或劳务交换的场所或接触点。市场可以是有形的，也可以是无形的。在市场上从事各种交易活动的当事人，称为市场主体。市场主体以买者、卖者的身份参与市场经济活动，活动中不仅有买卖双方的关系，还会有买方之间、卖方之间的关系。如果不考虑政府的作用，市场经济体系中有两个部门，一个是公众（消费者），一个是企业（厂商）。两个部门的相互关系，可以说明市场供求的一般原理。