2022版新教材高中英语 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Section Ⅲ Using Language基础训练（含解析）新人教版选择性必修第二册.docx

1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Section Using Language基础达标练. 单句填空1.Fires broke out everywhere, and the entire city went up in flames.2.The characters in the book are vividly (vivid) presented.3.He came down with illness last night and is still under emergency treatment.4.Klan called his assistant (ass

2、ist), Hasher, to take over his duties while he was out.5.Early astronomers (astronomer) thought that our planet was the centre of the universe.6.Someone must be put in charge of writing down all the ideas.7.Give the bottle a couple of shakes before pouring (pour) the juice.8.We are determined to def

3、end (defend) our motherland at all costs.9.He stopped, shifting (shift) his cane to his left hand. . 同义替换outstanding; initial; at times; put pressure on; solid; furthermore;such as; in addition; trace; defend1.Angela Bassett has won critical praise for her excellent performance. outstanding 2.He tho

4、ught he had better track this wolf and see where it lived. trace 3.There is no doubt that the first reaction has been excellent. initial 4.Sometimes Im busy and sometimes Im not. Its the same with most jobs. At times 5. Besides , businesses seek to appeal to customers senses. In addition 6.They forc

5、ed him to leave the country, so he left his wife and children behind. put pressure on 7.All our officers are trained to protect themselves from knife attacks. defend 8.This provided a dependable foundation for their marriage. solid 9.The price is too high, and moreover , the house isnt in a suitable

6、 position. furthermore 10.There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, for instance , training tigers. such as . 完成句子1.作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同班同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by the teacher before classmates. （“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义）2.汤姆是他班上最

7、聪明的学生。Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class. （any other+可数名词单数）3.李洋在班里学习最努力。Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class. (anyone else)4.他每天晚上回来得很晚，这使他妻子很生气。He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry . （make+宾语+形容词作宾补）5.他任命她为他数家公司的主管。He made her a dire

8、ctor in his numerous companies. （动词+宾语+名词作宾补）素养综合练. 阅读理解（2021天津滨海新区汉沽第六中学高二期末考试）What are the biggest problems that the society will have to deal with in the new age? There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. Theres climate change, of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for t

9、he worlds growing population? Whos going to handle all these terrible problems? Yes, politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes, businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But whos going to make a much greater difference to something like

10、 AIDS or climate change? Its going to be a scientist. It is the scientists who can transform some new results of science into new technologies to solve these problems.If you like thinking about the world around you, why not become a scientist? It doesnt mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic

11、 glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do multiple amazing things that are actually interesting!Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic（法医的） scientists work with the pol

12、ice to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrows scientists. Dont think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking. You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresh for lo

13、nger. Perhaps sport is your thing. Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance? You could even be a science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.Looking for something to do for the rest

14、 of your life? My advice? Take a long and hard look at science. It is ever so interesting.1.Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to .A.suggest they are impossible to be solvedB.introduce the causes of these problemsC.show the writers worry about the future worldD.show scientists play a

15、n important part in solving them2.Most people think the life of scientists is .A.amazing B.boringC.colorful D.unreal3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.Military technologies could help prevent wars in the future.B.For those interested in cooking, food technolog

16、y may be a choice.C.Forensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes.D.Politicians and world leaders can solve all the social problems.4.The passage is intended for people who .A.havent decided on their careerB.have no interest in scienceC.hope for the world peaceD.have little knowl

17、edge of science 答案：1.D解析：1.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者建议人们当科学家，科学家的工作事实上也很有趣。【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句 It is the scientists who can transform some new results of science into new technologies to solve these problems. 可知，科学家能够将新的科学成果变成新技术来解决这些问题，由此判断出，第一段提到诸多社会问题的目的是说明科学家在解决这些问题中起到的重要作用。故选D项。答案：2.B解析：2.【命题立意】推

18、理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句It doesnt mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine！可知，成为科学家并不像人们想象的那样：要穿上白大褂，带着塑料眼镜，把所有时间都花费在实验室里。由此判断出，大多数人认为科学家的工作是枯燥无趣的。故选B项。答案：3.D解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据倒数第二段中的前两句Military scientists develop not only

19、 new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic（法医的） scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. 以及第五、六句Maybe you like cooking. You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresh for longer. 可知，军事科学

20、家不仅开发新的武器，而且开发新的帮助阻止战争的军事技术。法医学家与警方合作，寻找细微的线索来抓捕罪犯。食品技术专家帮助保持水果和蔬菜新鲜的时间更长。而选项D“政治家和世界领袖可以解决所有社会问题。”说法太绝对，且与文意不符。故选D项。答案：4.A解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的Looking for something to do for the rest of your life? （你正在找余生可做的事情吗？）判断出文章是写给那些还没有决定自己职业的人。故选A项。深度解析词汇积累1. politician n.政治家，政客2. transform vt.改变，

21、使变形；转换3. multiple adj.多重的；多样的；许多的4. out of date 过时的，陈旧的5. military technology 军事技术6. criminal n.罪犯adj.犯罪的；刑法的难句分析原句：It is the scientists who can transform some new results of science into new technologies to solve these problems.句意：正是科学家们能够把一些新的科学成果转化为新技术来解决这些问题。分析：这是一个强调句。强调的是句子主语，正常句式为：The scienti

22、sts can transform some new results of science into new technologies to solve these problems. 七选五（2020辽宁师大附中高二上学期月考试题）How to Succeed in ScienceTo succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they bloc

23、k your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success. 1 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. Its like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it

24、 gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isnt simply to win; its to win at something really difficult. 2 Take risks.To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very like

25、ly be unqualified to succeed by definition. 3 This can be more than personally upsetting.Never do anything that bores you.My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. Im not good enough to do well in something I dislike. 4 Its very hard to s

26、ucceed if you dont want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable.So my final rule is: 5 A.Meet challenges with great courage.B.If you cant

27、stand being with your real peers, get out of science.C.Put another way, its to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top.D.Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess.E.Avoid foolish people.F.In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like.G.Besides, you even have

28、to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案：1.E解析：1.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。【解题思路】根据设空处后的内容可知，作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西，所以建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。答案：2.C解析：2.【解题思路】根据设空处前一句可知，作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中，最高的目标不仅仅是获胜，而是在一些非常困难的事情上获胜。换句话说，要通过克服困难来超越自我，使自己名列前茅。选项C是对前一句的进一步解释。答案：3.G解析：3.【解题思路】根据设

29、空处前的内容可知，作者认为如果想取得很大的成功，科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃，你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外，甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄，也就是要勇于怀疑权威。选项G符合语境。答案：4.F解析：4.【解题思路】根据设空处前一句中的do well in something I dislike可知，在科学研究中，对于自己不喜欢的事情做不好，但对于自己喜欢的事情也不一定能做好。故选F。答案：5.B解析：5.【解题思路】根据上一段的内容可知，作者建议要和其他科学家交流，从而发现自己忽略的关键事实，甚至要和你的竞争对手交流，即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说，

30、如果你无法忍受与你真正地位相当的人一起工作，你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。. 应用文写作1.假设你是李华，收到英国笔友Tom发来的一封邮件，得知他最近转入了一所新学校，在新的学校里他没有朋友感到很孤单。请你用英语给他回复邮件，内容包括：1. 帮他分析原因；2. 给他提出建议（至少两条）；3. 美好祝愿。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Tom,I am sorry to hear that you feel lonely in your new school. As a new student, it is natu

31、ral for you to find it difficult to adapt to the new environment in the beginning.Here are some suggestions that I hope can help you. First, dont worry. Although you are not familiar with the other students there, time and patience will make you feel at home. Second, go out to get actively involved in some after-school activities, where you can find some students who share the same interests with you. I believe you will make good friends soon.Looking forward to your good news.Yours,Li Hua