24脑岛的新角色、智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo、海边的“教室”（解析版）.docx

1、中考时文阅读练习24中考时文阅读练习-脑岛的新角色题型：阅读理解主题语境：卫生与健康语篇类型：说明文词数：268难度：建议用时：8分钟 A woman who couldnt feel hungry after a stroke(中风) may help us improve our understanding of one area of the brain.The 28-year-old Canadian was hospitalized after feeling weak on one side of her body and having trouble speaking. The

2、examination result showed that she had a stroke in a brain area called the insula(脑岛).Soon after the stroke.the woman noticed that she never felt hungry any more, even when she hadnt eaten for a long time. She often forgot to eat and lost more than 10 kilograms.The woman could still taste and smell

3、the food, but often ate about half as much as usual because she no longer enjoyed eating. Even chocolate,her favorite food,gave her no pleasure. The womans hunger finally came back about 12 months after the stroke.The insula is one of the least understood parts of the brain. It works with other part

4、s of the brain to make a feeling of hunger that encourages eating.“This womans brain would still have been receiving signals（信号)that she was missing calories, but because of the damage(损伤) to her insula, she wouldnt have been aware of them, says Yoav Livneh at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Is

5、rael.This finding could help to find new ways to treat obesity(肥胖).For example, it may be possible to use some ways to send signals to the insula to prevent overeating,Livneh says. He agrees that this is a possibility,but says it will be more important not to damage the insulas other functions(功能).1

6、.Why did the woman eat less just after the stroke?A. She was in a bad mood.B.She was trying to lose weight.C. She was advised to eat less.D. She lost the ability to feel hungry.2.What happened to the woman a year after the stroke?A.She often forgot something.B.She couldnt taste the food.C. She lost

7、interest in chocolate.D. She could feel hungry again.3.What can we know about the insula?A. It is easy to be damaged after a stroke.B. It is the most important part of the brain.C. It tells us when we should eat something.D.It makes stroke patients difficult to smell.4.What will the new finding prob

8、ably help us to do?A. Fight against the stroke.B. Make our brain stronger.C. Go on a healthy diet.D. Deal with the obesity problem.5.Whats the best title for the passage?A. New Treatment on StrokeB. Insulas Newly-Found RoleC. Secrets to Fight ObesityD. Some Research on the Brain【译文】 一位女子在中风后感觉不到饥饿，这

9、种现象或许可以增进我们对大脑中的一个区域的了解。 这位28岁的加拿大女子在感觉一侧身体无力和说话困难后，被送进了医院。检查结果显示，她大脑中一个叫脑岛的区域发生了中风。 中风后不久，这名女子注意到，她再也不觉得饿了，即使她很久不吃东西，也是如此。她经常忘记吃饭，体重下降了10多公斤。她仍然能够尝到和闻到食物的味道，但通常只吃以往一半的量，因为她不再享受吃饭的过程了。即使是巧克力她最喜欢的食物，也不能让她快乐。这名女子的饥饿感在她中风约12个月后，终于回来了。脑岛是大脑中最不为人知的部分之一，它与大脑的其他部分一起工作，制造刺激进食的饥饿感。“这位女士的大脑应该仍然在接收她正在失去卡路里的信号，

10、但由于脑岛受损，她意识不到这些信号。”以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的YoavLivneh说。这一发现可能有助于找到治疗肥胖的新方法。Livneh说，例如，我们或许可以用一些方法向脑岛发送信号，以防止暴饮暴食。他认为这是一种可能的选择，但他说，更重要的是不要损害脑岛的其他功能。【语篇解读】一位女士在中风后一年的时间里都没有饥饿感，这是因为她大脑中的脑岛遭到了破坏。这起病例或许可以帮助我们找到治疗肥胖的新方法。【答案详析】1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A woman who couldnt feel hungry after a stroke”以及第三段中的“Soon after the strok

11、e, the woman noticed that she never felt hungry any more even when she hadnt eaten for a long time.可知，这位女十吃的比原来少了。是因为她中风后无法感觉到饥饿。2.D细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The womans hunger finally came back about 12 months after the stroke.”可知.在中风12个月之后，她的饥饿感又恢复了。3.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“It works with other parts of the brain

12、to make a feeling of hunger that encourages eating.可知，脑岛与大脑的其他部分一起工作来产生饥饿感，从而刺激人们去吃东西。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“This finding could help to find new ways to treat obesity.”可知，这个新发现可能会帮助我们找到治疗肥胖的新方法，故D项正确。5.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一位女士在中风后失去了饥饿感,检查结果显示这是因为她大脑中的脑岛受到了损伤。研究人员认为这一发现可能有助于找到治疗肥胖的新方法。故B项“脑岛的新角色”最适合作文章标题。中考时文

13、阅读练习-智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo题型：阅读理解主题语境：发明与技术语篇类型：说明文词数：295难度：建议用时：9分钟The growth in skyscrapers(摩天大楼）worldwide,most of which have large glass windows,has led to a great need for window washers. Though the job, which Cleaner offers workers as much as $35 an hour, can belucrative,many people are afraid to take

14、it,as accidents are quite common. Now, the dangerous chore may soon be done by Ozmo,a smart window cleaning robot,with humans supervising(监督）on the ground.Much like humans, Ozmo,hanging off the sides of the building,uses its arms and brushes to clean the dust on the glass.A 3D map of the building pr

15、ogrammed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors(传感器) enable it to move out of the way in case of unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window. And the robot will self-correct and move around in order not to break a window.Unlik

16、e other window washers,the robot cleaner does not require soap to clean the glass. Instead,it uses purified water(纯净水) and a process called reverse osmosis(逆渗透)to do the job. It is environmentally friendly.While it takes three human cleaners 480 hours to clean the windows of a 40-story glass buildin

17、g,the robot will complete the task in just 80 hours. However,Ozmo will not take the place of human workers,only making their jobs safer.Human workers will control the robot from below.Whether Ozmo,which is still being tested,does as good a job as humans remains to be seen. Past efforts to use a robo

18、t to do this dangerous job have not been successful,because the machines do not have the same eyes as humans and often miss the dust collected on window corners.1.The underlined word“lucrative”in Paragraph 1 means“_”in Chinese.A.赚钱的B.出色的C.安全的D.幸运的2.Paragraph 2 mainly tells us_.A. where Ozmo can do i

19、ts job skillfullyB.how Ozmo avoids unexpected eventsC.how Ozmo works to clean the glass smartlyD. why Ozmo is more intelligent than human workers3.Ozmo will not take the place of human workers because_.A.human workers do the cleaning job more carefullyB. it often misses the dust collected on window

20、cornersC.it uses environmentally friendly materials in cleaningD. human workers need to control and supervise the robot from below4.To finish the task of cleaning the windows of a 40-story glass building, Ozmo spends_ hours less than three human cleaners.A.35 B.80 C. 400 D. 4805.What can we know abo

21、ut Ozmo from the passage?A. Ozmo can do the cleaning job better than human workers.B.Ozmo can make human workers do their jobs more safely.C. As an intelligent window cleaning robot Ozmo is not successful.D.Ozmo does harm to the environment while cleaning windows.【译文】大部分摩天大楼都有很大的玻璃窗，世界各地摩天大楼的增加引起了对洗

22、窗工的巨大需求。虽然这项工作能提供高达每小时35美元的收入，但许多人不敢从事这项工作，因为事故常常发生。现在，这项危险的工作可能很快就会由智能擦窗机器人Ozmo来完成了，人们只需在地面上监督。 与人类一样，Ozmo悬挂在大楼的侧面，用它的臂和刷子清洁玻璃上的灰尘。系统中编入的建筑物的3D地图使该机器人能够熟练地上下移动。计算机视觉和触觉传感器使它能够在遇到窗户突然打开等突发事件时，能够躲开。而且，该机器人会自我纠正并四处移动，以免打碎窗户。不同于洗窗工的是，擦窗机器人不需要用肥皂来清洁玻璃。相反，它利用纯净水和逆渗透过程来完成这项工作。这很环保。清洁一栋40层大楼的玻璃窗，三个洗窗工需要花费4

23、80个小时，而该机器人只需短短80个小时就能完成任务。然而，Ozmo不会取代工人，它只是使他们的工作更安全。工人将在地面操控该机器人。尚在测试中的Ozmo是否能像人类一样出色地完成工作还有待观察。过去，也有人试过利用机器人来从事这项危险的工作，但这些尝试没有取得成功，因为那些机器没有人类那样的眼睛，经常会漏掉沉积在窗角的灰尘。【语篇解读】 随着城市中的摩天大楼越来越多，玻璃幕墙也越来越多。对于清洁工人来说，清洗高层建筑的幕墙是一件危险的工作。智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo的出现将有助于解决这一问题。【答案详析】1.A词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Though the job,which offers

24、 workers as much as $35 an hour”可知，这份工作的时薪高达35美元，即这份工作是很赚钱的。由此可推知，lucrative意为“赚钱的”2.C段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，像人类一样，悬挂在大楼侧面的Ozmo用它的手臂和刷子清理玻璃上的灰尘。在此过程中，Ozmo会借助计算机视觉和触觉传感器来规避意外事件。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Ozmo是如何以智能的方式清洁玻璃的。3.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“with humans supervising on the ground”和第四段中的“Ozmo will not take the place of hu

25、man workers及“Human workers will control the robot from below.”可知，Ozmo不会取代工人，原因是它仍需在工人的控制、监督下运行。4. C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“While it takes three human cleaners 480 hours to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building,the robot will complete the task in just 80 hours.”可知，要清洁一栋40层的玻璃建筑的玻璃，3名清洁工需要花费480个小时，而Oz

26、mo只需80个小时，比工人少用400个小时。5.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer”可知，Ozmo不会取代工人，只会让工人们的工作更安全。【长难句分析】原句：（最后一段第一句）Whether Ozmo,which is still being tested, does as good a job as humansremains to be seen.译文：目前仍在测试中的Ozmo是否能像人类一样出色地完成工作还有待观察。分析：这是一个复合句。Whe

27、ther Ozmo.does as good a job as humans为whether引导的主语从句，其中which is still being tested为which引导的非限制性定语从句，对Ozmo进行补充说明。中考时文阅读练习-海边的“教室”题型：阅读理解语篇类型：说明文主题语境：学校生活词数：174难度：建议用时：8分钟 How about having a class by the sea? Sounds like a dream, doesnt it?Well, a school in Spain has made this dream come true for its

28、 students, by moving the classroom to the beach! Outside the school,children sit at desks on the sand(沙子). The lessons are part of a plan called“Fresh air.It wants to help kids get better air during COVID-19. Many of the students enjoy staying on the beach.“I feel happier and more relaxed here!”said

29、 one of them. Of course. the teachers take good care of the students. They make sure that all the kids are safe.“The children are having great fun,”an English teacher said on April 12th,2021.“They wont forget what they have learned here.” A class by the sea is more than just a trip to the beach.Some

30、 fishermen(渔民)come to show the students their fishing nets(网).They also teach the kids how to catch fish. Children can learn and play well in this great nature classroom!1. How does the writer start the passage?A. By telling stories.B. By giving answers.C. By asking questions.D. By describing facts.

31、2.The school in Spain moves the classroom to the beach so that_.A. teachers can take less care of studentsB. children can get fresh airC. children can play on the sandD. the school can spend less money3.What do the students think of having class by the sea?A. Boring. B. Relaxing. C. Tiring. D. Dange

32、rous.4 When students have class by the sea, they can learn aboutA. fishingB.COVID-19C.a plan called“Fresh airD.how to take care of themselves5.The writer writes the passage to show us_。A.some school activitiesB. the school life in SpainC. some ways to have funD. a new way to have class【译文】在海边上课怎么样？这

33、听起来像是个梦，不是吗？好吧，西班牙的一所学校将教室搬到了海滩上，为学生们实现了这个梦想！在学校外面，孩子们坐在沙子上的书桌前。这些课程是一个名为“新鲜空气”计划的一部分。该计划想帮助孩子们在新冠肺炎疫情期间呼吸到更新鲜的空气。多数学生都喜欢待在沙滩上。“我在这里感觉更快乐，更放松！”其中一人说。当然，老师们对学生们照顾有加。他们会确保所有孩子的安全。“孩子们玩得很开心，”一位英语老师在2021年4月12日说，“他们不会忘记他们在这里学到的东西。”海边的课堂不仅仅是一次海滩之旅。一些渔民来向学生展示他们的渔网。他们还教孩子们如何捕鱼。孩子们可以在这个很棒的自然课堂上好好地学习和玩耍！【语篇解读

34、】新冠疫情期间，西班牙的一所学校为了让孩子们呼吸到更新鲜的空气，把教室搬到了海滩上。学生们在这里既可以很好地学习，也可以快乐地玩耍。【答案详析】1.C推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“How about having a class by the sea? Sounds like a dream doesnt it?”可知，作者是通过提问的方式开篇的。2.B细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句“It wants to help kids get better air duringCOVID-19.”可知.西班牙的这所学校把教室搬到海滩上是为了让孩子们呼吸到新鲜空气。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ma

35、ny of the students enjoy staving on the beach.”和“I feel happier and more relaxed here!”可知，学生们觉得在海边上课很放松。4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They also teach the kids how to catch fish.”可知.学生们在海边上课可以学习如何捕鱼。5.D推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了介绍西班牙的一所学校的一种新的上课方式。【长难句分析】原句：（第三段最后一句)They wont forget what they have learned here.译文：他们不会忘记在这里学到的东西。分析：这是一个复合句。what they have learned here是what引导的宾语从句，作wont forget的宾语。