Unit 3讲义 2021-2022学年牛津深圳版七年级英语上册 .docx

1、深圳版牛津版七年级上Unit3精品讲义1、掌握可数与不可数名词，there be句型的用法。2、学会口头、书面表达有关保护地球的内容。3、掌握本单元出现的重点词汇和重要句型，并能灵活运用。4、provide v. 提供The Earth provides us with air, water and food. 地球为我们提供空气、水和食物。【拓展】provide的常用短语：provide sb. with sth. 意为“为某人提供某物”；相当于provide sth. for sb。Can you provide me with some food? Im very hungry.=Can

2、 you provide some food for me? Im very hungry.5、pollution n. 污染energy n. 能量；能源Today, there is a lot of pollution. We burn things to make energy. 如今，（地球上）有很多污染。我们通过燃烧东西来获取能量。【单词解析】pollution为不可数名词，其动词形式为pollute，意为“污染”。We should try our best to stop air pollution. 我们必须尽力阻止空气污染。These factories pollute t

3、his river with the waste. 这些工厂排出的废物污染了这条河流。本句的energy为不可数名词，意为“能量；能源”。Solar energy is very important to us. 太阳能对我们很重要。也可做不可数名词，表示“精力；力量”。Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人更有活力。6、report n. 报告Complete a report on protecting the Earth. 完成一份关于保护地球的报告。【其他例句】Mr Smith will make a

4、report on learning English for us this afternoon. 史密斯先生今天下午将为我们做一场关于英语学习的报告。【拓展】report做名词，还可表示“报道”。I never believe the reports about UFOs. 我从不相信关于不明飞行物的报道。report做及物动词，意为“报道；公布”。后面常跟名词、代词或that引导的宾语从句。The press in China widely reported these events. 中国新闻界广泛报道了这些事件。The TV reported that it was raining h

5、eavily there. 电视报道那儿正在下大雨。7、must modal v. 必须We must stop doing these things. 我们必须停止做这些事情。【单词解析】must做情态动词，意为“必须”，没有人称、时态和数的变化，后接动词原形。She must go home now. 她现在必须回家。【拓展】stop doing sth.与stop to do sth.stop doing sth.：指停止正在做的事情。stop to do sth.：指停止手头所做的事情去做另一件事情。The two girls stopped talking when they saw

6、 me. 那两个女孩看到我时停止了讲话。I stopped to talk to him when I saw him. 我看到他时停了下来去和他讲话。8、large adj. 大号的；大的。Some are large. 有些植物很大。【辨析】large与biglarge：侧重指物体的面积、空间、范围大。big：侧重指物体的块头、重量，含有庞大、笨重之意。China is a large and beautiful country. 中国是个幅员辽阔而又美丽的国家。There is a big tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵大树。【拓展】some的用法

7、：做代词，意为“有些；有的”。I have seven pencils. Some are red and some are blue. 我有七支铅笔，有的是红色的，有的是蓝色的。做形容词，意为“一些；某些”，一般用于肯定句，后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。I have some friends here. 这里有我一些朋友。9、land n. 陆地【单词解析】land做名词，意为“陆地”，与海洋相对；做动词，意为“着陆；降落”。The elephant is the largest living land animal. 大象是陆地上现存的最大的动物。A bird landed on hi

8、s head. 一只鸟落在了他的头上。10、protect v. 保护；防护Talk about what we can do to protect the Earth. 谈谈我们能做什么来保护地球。【拓展】protect一般只用作及物动词，通常在其宾语后用介词from或against，表示“保护免遭”。We should protect children from harm. 我们应该保护儿童免受伤害。Parents try to protect their children against danger as far as possible. 父母都尽量保护他们的孩子远离危险。11、few

9、 adj. 不多，很少Fewer and fewer fish in the sea each year. 每年海洋中的鱼越来越少。【单词解析】few修饰可数名词复数。Few students know about this school. 了解这所学校的学生不多。【辨析】few, a few, little与a littlefew，a few修饰可数名词复数，前者是否定意义，后者是肯定意义。little，a little修饰不可数名词，前者是否定意义，后者是肯定意义。Im new here. I have few friends. 我是新来的，在这里几乎没有朋友。There are a fe

10、w books on the desk. 桌子上有几本书。There is little water in the glass. 被子里几乎没有水。He can speak English and a little French. 他会讲英语和一点法语。【拓展】fewer and fewer表示“越来越少的”。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。My mothers health is getting better and better. 我母亲的健康状况正变得越来越好。12、fact n.事实When you listen for facts, you need to catch th

11、e important words. 当你听事实时，你需要抓住重要的单词。【拓展】fact的常用短语为：in fact，意为“事实上”，用于补充说明前面所说的话，也可表示实情与前面的表述相反或差异很大。We want to know the fact. 我们想知道事实。He didnt feel happy. In fact, he was very sad. 他没有感到高兴。事实上，他很悲伤。13、problem n. 问题，难题，困难What problems do we have? 我们有什么问题？【拓展】常用短语：work out the problem 算出这道题solve the

12、problem 解决问题have problems with. 在某方面有问题have problems (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难【辨析】problem与questionproblem：意为“问题，难题”时尤指难以解决的问题或数学、物理习题，常与work out连用；意为“困难”时，相当于difficulty。question：意为“问题”，指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，常与ask或answer连用。We have problems getting there. 我们到达那儿有许多困难。Can you work out this maths problem? 你能算出这

13、道数学题吗？May I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗？14、part n. 部分What are the blue parts? 蓝色部分是什么？【其他例句】Parts of the book are quite good. 这本书有些部分相当不错。【拓展】part做动词，意为“离开；分开；（使）散开”。The clouds parted and the Sun shone. 云层散开，阳光普照。15、own adj. 自己的；本人的We can take our own shopping bags to the supermarket. 我们可以自带购

14、物袋去超市。【单词解析】own可做形容词或代词，常与名词所有格或形容词性物主代词连用，以加强语气。This is not my uncles own house. 这不是我叔叔自己的房子。These students had opinions of their own. 这些学生有他们自己的见解。【拓展】own还可做动词，意为“拥有”。Who owns this house? 谁拥有这幢房子？16、Earth n. 地球Read a poster about the Earth. 阅读一张关于地球的海报。【单词解析】Earth一般与定冠词the连用；表示“在地球上”用on Earth。The

15、Earth travels around the Sun. 地球绕着太阳转。Many plants and animals live on Earth. 许多的植物和动物生活在地球上。【拓展】earth意为“泥土；陆地”。After a week at sea, it was good to feel the earth under our feet again. 出海一周后，重新踏上陆地我们感到很愉快。17、It keeps us alive. 空气会使我们充满活力。keep us alive意为“使我们活着/充满活力”，是“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，该结构意为“使保持某种状态（位置

16、或动作等）”，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语或动词-ing形式等充当。We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们应该保持教室干净整洁。Youd better keep the child away from the fire. 你最好让孩子离火远一点儿。The bad weather keeps us inside the house. 坏天气使我们不能出门。Dont keep me waiting for long. 别让我等太久。18、What can we do to help protect the sea? 为了帮助保护

17、海洋，我们可以做些什么？help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。help后可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。He often helps me (to) clean the classroom. 他经常帮助我打扫教室。【拓展】help的常见短语：help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help oneself to. 请随便用/吃19、We can ask people not to eat shark fin soup. 我们可以呼吁人们不要喝鱼翅汤。ask sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“要求/请求某人（不要）做某事”。Ou

18、r English teacher asks us to read English every day. 我们的英语老师要求我们每天读英语。My parents ask me not to play computer games. 我的父母要求我不要玩电脑游戏。【拓展】ask的其他常用短语：ask for sth. 索要某物ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物ask sb. about sth. 询问某人关于某事20、There are also many people like you and me on Earth. 地球上也有很多像你我这样的人。like在句中做介词，意为“像”

19、，常与be动词或连系动词look连用。My sister is like my mother. 我的姐姐像我的妈妈。【辨析】like与aslike：意为“像”（实际上不是）as：意为“作为；以身份”He looks like a singer. 他看上去想一位歌手。He talks to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我讲话。21、About 70% of the Earth is covered by water. 地球表面大约70%是被水覆盖的。这是一个含有被动语态的句子。主语为About 70% of the Earth，谓语为is covered by，宾语为wate

20、r。“百分数+of+名词”做主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词的单复数保持一致。More than 90% of students have a cellphone. 超过90%的学生有手机。cover此处用作及物动词，意为“遮盖；覆盖”，常与介词with搭配。cover.with.意为“用把盖住”（表示动作）；be covered with.意为“被覆盖”（表示状态）。Snow covered the fields. 积雪覆盖了田野。Please cover the table with a white cloth. 请用一块白色的布把桌子盖住。The mountains are covered

21、 with trees. 群山被树木覆盖。22、It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future. 对我们来说，为了我们的未来保护地球是很重要的。Its + adj. (for sb) + to do sth. 句型意为“（对某人来说）做某事是的”。其中it是形式主语，没有实际意义。动词不定式（短语）是真正的主语。在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，常把动词不定式（短语）放在后面，用it作形式主语。Its easy for me to ride a bike. 对我来说骑自行车很容易。It is better to stay at ho

22、me. 待在家里更好。23、There be句型：一、各种句型转化。1：变成否定There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如： 1）There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.2）There is a bike behind the tree. There is

23、nt a bike behind the tree.=There is no bike behind the tree.2：变成一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars?There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water?3：特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，

24、当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There are many things over there.Whats over there? There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer?There are four children on the playground. Whe

25、re are the four children?对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？二、there be 句型的时态。be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there must be ,there cant be, there used to be等。如：-There _ a concert

26、this evening.-Yeah. Exciting news! A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will havekey: B三、there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there?如：There is some milk in the bottle, _ ?Aisnt there Barent there Cisnt itDare therekey: A四、there be 句型的主谓一致：There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如：1.There

27、 _ any rice in the bowl. A. areB. is C. isntD. arent2.There _ many apples on the tree last year. A. Have been B. were C. areD. iskey: B; B五、注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别1. There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。如：He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。There are two men in th

28、e office. 办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。如：A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。24、名词一、名词简介1、定义：名词是表示人,事物，地点或抽象概念等名称的词，如：student 学生 apple苹果 panda熊猫 ruler尺子。2、分类：名词根据其意义可以分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词 ：普通名词表示一类人，某一类物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：water 水，machine 机器，happiness 快乐专有名词：

29、专有名词是个人，团体，地方，机构或事物的名称，其开头字母要大写。如：Mike迈克（人名） China中国 the Great wall 长城二、名词考点梳理一）名词的单复数名词的数主要指普通名词的数。我们又将普通名词的数分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数变化，只能是单数，可数名词有单数和复数之分。规则变化：1. 一般情况下，在词尾直接加s，如：books ， cars2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,在词尾加es，如：buses， boxes， peaches, brushes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y 为i，再加es，如：party- parties4. 以f /

30、 fe结尾的单词，变f / fe为v再加es，如：leaf- leaves5. 以o结尾的单词，一般情况下加s，特殊的加es (黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿、芒果)如：photo photos, potato- potatoes不规则变化：1. 男人、女人和小孩，老鼠的牙齿长了鹅脚。man men woman women child children mouse micetooth teeth goose geese foot feet2. 单复数形式不变：中日人抢鱼、鹿、绵羊。Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese fish fishdeer deer sheep s

31、heep3. 有些单词只有复数形式：clothes 衣服 pants 裤子 glasses 眼镜 scissors 剪刀二）不可数名词不可数名词的分类：1 表示液体：water, juice, milk ,coffee, ink, tea, coke, honey, yoghourt2 表示食品：rice, bread, meat , fish , mutton, beef, tofu, pork, chicken, food3 表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice, fog, wind4 其他类：newspaper, news, homework, housework, money,

32、 time（时间）, room（空间）常用的不可数名词：food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, drink, orange, milk. Tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work等不可数名词的量：1. 用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，

33、但of后面的名词只能用单数。如： 一杯牛奶_ 三杯咖啡 _ 两瓶可乐_ 两条新闻_(key: a cup of milk; three cups of coffee; two bottles of coke; two pieces of news)There are five bottles of milk. But there isnt a cup of tea.2. 而对于可数名词，要注意：用复数形式，动词要根据量词来决定。如： 一箱苹果 _ 四双鞋子_(key: a box of apples; four pairs of shoes)There is a box of apples in the car,There are four pairs of shoes under the bed.3. 可以修饰不可数名词数量的词语还有：some, any, much, a lot of, plenty of, little, a little等，其中much, little, a little只能用来修饰不可数名词的数量，其它词也可以用来修饰可数名词的量。