Unit 8 Natural disasters-【教材同步拓展阅读】2022-2023学年八年级英语上册（牛津译林版）.docx

1、2022-2023学年 八年级英语上册单元话题拓展阅读Unit 8 Natural disastersA Many animals do strange things before an earthquake. This news may be important. Earthquakes can kill people and knock down homes. The animals may help to save lives.Some animals make a lot of noise before an earthquake. Farmers have told about th

2、is. Dogs that are usually quiet have started to bark(吠). Horses on farms have run around in circles. Mice have left their holes and run away. Cows have given less milk.In a town in Italy, cats raced down the street in a group. That happened only a few hours before an earthquake. In San Francisco, a

3、man kept tiny pet frogs. One Sunday, the frogs jumped around more than ever. They made loud noises, like bigger frogs. That night, an earthquake struck the city. People want to know when an earthquake is coming. Then they could get away safely. Right now, there is no sure way to know ahead of time.

4、Maybe the best idea is watching the animals.（1）This passage is mainly about _.Ahow animals act before an earthquakeBhow an earthquake startsChow mice leave their homesDhow animals live every day（2）Before the earthquake in Italy, quiet dogs _.Aran awayBstarted to barkCclimbed treesDjump into the wate

5、r（3）Before the earthquake in Italy, the frogs _.AsangBjumped into the waterCdiedDjumped around a lotB The leaders （领导人） of 13 countries had a big meeting in St Petersburg, Russia from November 21 to 24, 2010.The meeting was about tigers. They talked about the ways to protect the animals in their cou

6、ntries. They agreed to spend more money protecting tigers and they wanted to double the number of tigers in the world before 2022. Tiger is one of the worlds most endangered animals. The World Wildlife Fund （WWF） says, there are only about 100,000 wild tigers now. And the number is becoming smaller

7、and smaller. If nothing happens, tigers will face disasters, said WWF spokeswoman Marie von Zeipel.Nine types of tigers lived 100 years ago, but now at least three of them have died out. If people leave tigers alone and dont kill them, then the number of tigers will double in 10 years, said Jean-Chr

8、istoph Vie, a French tiger expert (专家). China is one of the 13 countries where tigers live. There are about 50 wild tigers in China now. They are the Bengal tigers in Tibet, Indochinese tigers in Chinas southwest, and Siberian tigers in the northeast. The South China tigers lived in southeast China

9、many years ago but disappeared in the 1970s. Many experts think they have already died out.（1）Whats the meeting in St Petersburg mainly about?AHow to help tigers find a better place to live.BHow to protect tigers in their countries.CHow to stop people from hunting the wild animals.DHow to count the

10、number of tigers in the world.（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the WWF?AMany tigers have died only because people hunt them.BAbout 3,200 tigers have died in the past 100 years.CThere are more and more tigers these years.DThere are about 100,000 wild tigers in the world now.（3）In Jean-C

11、hristoph Vies opinion, the best way to double the number of tigers in 10 years is _.Ato do nothingBto keep all of them in the zooCto stop people from killing themDto build more nature reserves for tigers（4）How many types of tigers were there in China 50 years ago?A3B4C13D50C Maybe you know floods, e

12、arthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons? Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates （蒸

13、发）into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles（圆圈）and it keeps moving hig

14、her in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts, one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are t

15、he strongest winds and hardest rains. Typhoons are very dangerous. In November this year, Typhoon Haiyan killed 5500 people in Philippines. More people are missing. What to do when a typhoon hits? Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. Try to bring all of your things inside. Str

16、ong winds could even blow away your bikes! Listen to the radio or TV for important information. If youre told to go to a safer place, do it right now.（1）This passage is most probably from . Aan advertisement of a typhoonBa travel recordCa weather reportDa science magazine（2）Typhoons often happen .Ai

17、n the hot seasonBin the cold seasonConly in ChinaDunder the sea（3）In which order（顺序）does a typhoon happen?a. The wind moves fast enough, a typhoon starts. b. The air moves quickly, making wind.c. The sun makes sea water hot. d. The air gets warmer.Ad-c-b-aBc-d-b-aCc-d-a-bDd-b-a-c（4）Which of the foll

18、owing is TRUE according to the passage?AThe warmer the air gets, the slower the wind moves.B5500 people died because of Typhoon Haiyan around the world.CThe strongest winds and hardest rains are in the wall of clouds.DA typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second.（5）When

19、a typhoon comes, we CANNOT .Aclose all the windowsBlisten to typhoon newsCstay inside the strong houseDgo outside to find a safer placeD根据短文回答问题 What is a hurricane? You may already know that hurricanes are storms that can cause devastating(毁灭性的)waves, wind, and rain. They happen during “Hurricane S

20、eason,” which is from June 1st until November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean and from May 15th until November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.Categories(类别)of Hurricanes There are five categories of hurricanes, which are based on wind speeds. The categories help people know how much damage(危害)a hurricane may

21、cause because the greater the wind speed, the more dangerous the storm is. For example, a Category 5 hurricane has winds over 155 miles per hour, which are strong enough to destroy the buildings along the shorelines completely.Hurricane Dangers When a hurricane happens together with heavy rainfall,

22、there can be a devastating flood. The centre of a hurricane is called the eye. While most of a hurricane has dangerously strong winds, the eye is actually(事实上)a calm area in the storm. When the eye of a hurricane passes over land, people might think that its over, but before long the wind and rain i

23、ncrease again as the second part of the hurricane moves through.Hurricane Safety Tips There is no way to stop a hurricane or make it change direction, so if you ever find yourself in the path of a hurricane, be sure to remember the following safety tips. Be sure you have a radio, batteries, fresh dr

24、inking water, and enough food. Tell neighbours, friends, and family members your emergency plans. Tell them where youll go if you need to leave your home. If you live near the ocean, leave your home and travel to a safe place. You could stay with a friend or a family member, in a hotel or in an emer

25、gency shelter area. Stay inside during the storm. You could be seriously injured (受伤) if you go outside.（1）When is Hurricane Season?_（2）What are categories of hurricanes based on?_（3）What is called the eye?_（4）How many hurricane safety tips are mentioned(提到) in the passage?_（5）What should you do mos

26、t probably if a hurricane happens?（自拟一句话作答）_E Extreme weather seems to be everywhere these days. It is sometimes related to climate change. Yet it can be hard to see the effect on peoples lives. I began documenting that effect in 2007, when I pictured two floods that occurred within weeks of each ot

27、her, one in the U.K. and the other in India. I was deeply shocked by the different effects of these floods and the damage that their victims seemed to share. Since then I have visited flood zones around the world. I travelled to many countries, like Australia, Thailand and Nigeria. In flooded places

28、, life is suddenly turned upside down, and normal life is temporarily gone. Photos are the most important in my research. I often follow people as they return home through deep waters, and work with them to take a close look at their flooded homes. Though their poses may be conventional, their envir

29、onment is changed. The change makes them upset. Often theyre about their circumstances or the improper response from the government. Many want their sufferings to be seen and want the world to know what has happened to them.I shoot on film with old Rolleiflex cameras. Digital would be easier, but th

30、e texture of film has a particular quality for me. The use of an old camera makes the situation more formal and serious. In many cultures, the flood is described as a destructive force in old stories. It makes humans feel powerless. As weather becomes more extreme, the story in the Bible(圣经) is beco

31、ming literal.（1）The key to the authors research is _. AcountriesBdeep watersCphotosDflooded homes（2）Which word do you think should be put in the blank in Paragraph 3? AangryBexcitedCanxiousDsad（3）The meaning of texture in the fourth paragraph is closest to _. A结构B内容C课本D质地（4）In many legends of differ

32、ent countries, the flood is recorded as_. Aa destroying powerBa phenomenon of extreme weatherCa formal situationDa unrealistic Bible storyFDust storms (沙尘暴) appear when strong wind blows sand and dirt from a dry surface. Strong dust storms may cause deaths, so you should know how to protect yourself

33、 from dust storms when you meet them. Be careful of dust storm warningsDust storms probably happen on hot summer days, and its not safe for people to travel during this period. So you should listen to the local TV or radio before travelling, and consider changing or giving up your trip if dust storm

34、s are predicted (预测) . Be preparedIf you are in a place where storms happen often, carry a mask (面具) to keep dust and dirt away from your face, and a pair of glasses to protect your eyes. Stay insideDo not move around when a dust storm comes, as you will not be able to see hidden (隐藏的) dangers, So i

35、f you are in a house, dont go out and just stay inside. Protect yourself from flying objectsCover your body as much as possible in a dust storm. A strong wind of dust storms can carry heavy objects, so you should try to stay low, and close to the ground, and protect your head with your arms or a bac

36、kpack. (1)What should you do before you travel according to the passage? APack your backpackBBring some money with you.CListen to the local TV or radio.DTell your parents and friends.(2) We can learn from the passage that Ait is safe to travel on hot summer daysBpeople should stay inside when a dust

37、 storm comesCa strong wind of dust storms cant carry heavy objectsDa pair of glasses is enough when a dust storm happens(3) Which of the following may be needed when you meet a dust storm? AA knife.BA mask.CA pair of glasses.DB and C.(4) The underlined word dirt mentioned in the first paragraph mean

38、s _ in Chinese. A烂泥B砂砾C丑闻D尘土(5) Whats the main idea of this passage? AHow to predict dust storms.BHow to reduce dust storms.CHow to protect yourself from dust storms.DHow dust storms form.GA long time ago, floods（洪水）often happened. The food buried（掩埋）the lands and broke the houses. People felt that

39、they were living in danger every day. The flood really hurt a lot of people, so people began to think about how to solve this problem. At that time, a man named Gun led people to control the food. All he did was to build the dam (坝) to keep the water out of villages. Nine years later, there were sti

40、ll floods. His son Yu went on controlling the flood. In order to control the flood, Yu didnt return home for thirteen years. In the past thirteen years, he ran everywhere, passing by his home three times. But he never walked into it to have a look. In his opinion, nothing was more important than wha

41、t he was doing. Yu learned from the experience of Guns and came up with a better way to control the flood. Together with many people, he dredged (疏浚) many rivers. So the flood could pass through the rivers and then go into the sea. The flood finally died down and people moved their homes back. (1)Ho

42、w did Gun control the floods? AHe led people to build dams.BHe ran to look for lands.CHe led people to move away.DHe repaired broken houses.(2) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? AYu continued Guns work eight years later.BYu didnt return home for thirty years.CYu passed by his

43、home three times a year.DYu found better ways to control floods.(3) From the passage we can know that _ is the best way to control the flood. Acalling on peopleBworking with familyCdredging riversDbuilding some dams(4) Whats the best title for the passage? AA Story of Guns LifeBA Story of Controllin

44、g FloodCA Story of Yus FatherDA Story of Moving a VillageHWhat is a tsunami (海啸) ? Tsunamis are often caused by earthquakes or volcanoes (火山) . The average speed (平均速度) of the waves (波浪) is 300 mph and the waves can last from five minutes to an hour.What to do in a tsunami?Firstly, when a strong ear

45、thquake is felt, leave the water at once, get to the shore (海岸) and go as far away as you can from the beach fast. If it allows, go to a higher ground.Secondly, turn on the TV for news and weather report. They will tell you more about the tsunami.Thirdly, get all members of your family together and

46、let everyone know the tsunami is coming. Choose a place to stay together. Make sure the place is safe and as far away from the shore as possible. Bring emergency supplies (应急用品) when you have to leave your house.At last, if you find a huge wave is coming, climb onto the roof of your house or on the

47、highest point of the nearest building. Hold on to anything thats strong enough. Climb a tree if you have to.For a tsunami, the only way to survive (幸免于) it is to be prepared.(1)When a tsunami comes, the waves will _. Ago as quickly as 300 mphBbecome stronger before the earthquakeCcause heavy rainDla

48、st shorter and shorter(2) How many suggestions are mentioned in this passage? ATwo.BThree.CFour.DFive.(3) When a tsunami is coming, your family had better _. Ago to the beach togetherBstay in a safe place togetherCstay in your houseDput emergency supplies on a lower ground(4) We should do the follow

49、ing when a tsunami is coming EXCEPT _. Alistening to the weather reportBgoing to a low place to keep safeCgetting emergency supplies readyDleaving the water as far away as you can(5) Whats the best title of the passage? AHow to keep safe in the waterBWhat a tsunami isCWhat to do after a tsunamiDHow

50、to survive a tsunami参考答案A【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】短文大意：在地震发生之前，许多动物会有奇怪的举动，这条消息也许很重要。地震会使很多人丧生，使许多房屋毁坏，动物也许能帮助挽救这些生命。各种动物在地震发生前会有各种奇怪的举动，人们都想知道什么时候会发生地震，以便于安全地躲避，但是目前还没有确切的预测地震的方法，也许最好的办法就是观察动物了。（1）通读全文可知这篇文章是关于地震发生之前各种动物的奇怪的举动，故选A。（2）根据文章的第二段Dogs that are usually quiet have started to bark(吠). 可知“地震发生前，

51、原本安静的狗狗会开始狂吠”，故选B。（3）根据第三段内容One Sunday, the frogs jumped around more than ever. 可知选D。【点评】这是一篇科普类短文阅读，讲述了地震发生前，各种动物的奇怪举动，文章比较简单，三个小题的答案都能在文章中找到对应的语句。B【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】短文大意：老虎是世界濒危动物之一，世界野生动物基金会声明目前世界上只剩下100,000 只老虎了。2010年11月21至24日，13国首脑会议在 St Petersburg, Russia 召开，专门讨论了如何保护老虎的问题。（1）根据文章的第一段内容T

52、he meeting was about tigers. They talked about the ways to protect the animals in their countries. 可知十三国首脑会议主要是讨论如何保护老虎的，故选B。（2）根据文章内容The World Wildlife Fund （WWF） says, there are only about 100,000 wild tigers now. 可知只有选项D描述正确。（3）根据第二段的最后一句话If people leave tigers alone and dont kill them, then the

53、number of tigers will double in 10 years, said Jean-Christoph Vie, a French tiger expert (专家).可知选项C正确。（4）根据最后一段的内容可知中国的老虎品种有the Bengal tigers, Indochinese tigers，Siberian tigers，以及最后一句 The South China tigers lived in southeast China many years ago but disappeared in the 1970s. Many experts think the

54、y have already died out.可知“华南虎”是20世纪20年代消失的，到现在不足50年，故50年以前有“华南虎”生存，可以推断中国50年以前有4中老虎，选B。【点评】这是一篇科普环保类短文，阅读，文章稍微有点难度，有的题目在文章中不能直接找到答案，需要通读全文，作出推理判断。C【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）D【解析】短文大意：你也许知道洪水、地震、沙尘暴等自然灾害，但是你听说过台风吗？本文介绍了台风的形成以及怎样躲避台风。（1）通读全文可知这是一篇关于台风的科普介绍，故选D，a science magazine 科学杂志。（2）根据第三段的内容 How doe

55、s a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates （蒸发）into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. 可知“台风多发生在夏季”，故选A。（3）通读全文可知台风发生的顺序为c-d-b-a，故选B。（4）研读文章可知只有选项C描述正确。（5）根据文章末尾处的介绍What to do when a typho

56、on hits? Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. 可知“台风发生时不能出去”，故选D。【点评】本文有一定难度，个别小题需要根据相关内容进行推理总结。首先要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，掌握短文大意，然后带着问题再读短文，找出相关段落，分析总结，判断出正确选项。文章所设试题主要考查细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。D【答案】（1）Its from June 1st until November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean and from May 15th

57、until November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.（2）Wind speeds.（3）The centre of a hurricane.（4）Four.（5）I should stay inside during the storm.(言之有理即可)【解析】本文介绍了什么是飓风，飓风发生的时间，飓风的类别，飓风所带来的各种危险以及如何防范飓风。（1）根据第一段内容They happen during “Hurricane Season,” which is from June 1st until November 30th in the Atlantic Oc

58、ean and from May 15th until November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.可知飓风发生的时间，故答：Its from June 1st until November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean and from May 15th until November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.（2）根据第二段内容There are five categories of hurricanes, which are based on wind speeds. 可知飓风的分类取决于风速，故答：Wind s

59、peeds.（3）根据第二段内容 The centre of a hurricane is called the eye. 可知答案为：The centre of a hurricane.（4）根据文章内容There is no way to stop a hurricane or make it change direction, so if you ever find yourself in the path of a hurricane, be sure to remember the following safety tips.已经以下的四点提示，可知答案为：Four.（5）属于开放题

60、，飓风发生时你应该怎么办，只要言之有理即可。【点评】这是一篇科普环保类的任务型阅读，根据文章内容回答问题，解答此类题目可以先浏览问题，带着问题再去阅读短文会起到事半功倍的效果。E【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】文章大意：本文主要介绍作者所记录的洪水对人们生活的影响。（1）细节理解题。根据文中第三段Photos are the most important in my research. 在我的研究中，照片是最重要的。 可知，故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据前句 The change makes them upset. 这种变化让他们感到不安。 和后句 Many want thei

61、r sufferings to be seen and want the world to know what has happened to them. 许多人希望看到他们的痛苦，希望世界知道他们发生了什么事。 可知，此处指的是“ 通常他们对他们的环境或者政府的不恰当反应很生气。 ”故选A。（3）词句猜测题。根据前句 I shoot on film with old Rolleiflex cameras. Digital would be easier, 我用老式的禄莱相机拍电影。数字化会更容易， 和后面的转折可知，此处指的是“ 胶片的质地对我来说有一种特殊的品质。 ”故选D。（4）细节理解

62、题。根据文中最后一段 In many cultures, the flood is described as a destructive force in old stories. 在许多文化中，洪水在古老的故事中被描述为一种破坏性的力量。 可知，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。F【答案】CBDDC【解析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是当人们遇到沙尘暴时应该怎么做。【点评】考查阅读理解。先通读短文，理解短文大意。然后分析问题，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的细节找出问题答案。对于文章的主旨大意要根据文章的

63、主题句和中心思想确定。 (1)细节理解题。根据 So you should listen to the local TV or radio before travelling, and consider changing or giving up your trip if dust storms are predicted (预测) . 可知在旅行前你应该收听当地的电视或收音机。故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据 Do not move around when a dust storm comes, as you will not be able to see hidden (隐藏的) dange

64、rs, So if you are in a house, dont go out and just stay inside. 可知当沙尘暴来时人们应该待在家里不出来，故选B。(3)细节理解题。根据 If you are in a place where storms happen often, carry a mask (面具) to keep dust and dirt away from your face, and a pair of glasses to protect your eyes. 可知当沙尘暴来临时口罩和眼镜是需要的，故选D。(4)词意猜测题。Dust storms (沙

65、尘暴) appear when strong wind blows sand and dirt from a dry surface.当大风刮起干燥地面的沙子和尘土时沙尘暴就会出现。根据from a dry surface.干燥的地面，可知dirt是尘土，故选D。(5)主旨大意题。根据文章的主题句 Strong dust storms may cause deaths, so you should know how to protect yourself from dust storms when you meet them. 可知文章讲的是当沙尘暴来临时应该怎样保护自己。故选C。G【答案】A

66、DCB【解析】本文主要讲述了古人鲧和禹父子二人治水的故事。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。(1)细节理解题。根据“ All he did was to build the dam (坝) to keep the water out of villages.”可知Gun控制洪水的方法是领导人们修筑堤坝，故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据“Nine years later, there were still floods. His son Yu went on controlling the flood. ”可知九

67、年后大禹继续鲧的工作，因此A选项错误；根据“Yu didnt return home for thirteen years. ”可知大禹十三年没有归家，因此B选项错误；根据“ In the past thirteen years, he ran everywhere, passing by his home three times.”大禹十三年三过家门而不入，因此C选项错误；根据“Yu learned from the experience of Guns and came up with a better way to control the flood. ”可知大禹想到了一种更好的控制洪水

68、的方法，因此D选项正确，故选D。(3)细节理解题。根据“Together with many people, he dredged (疏浚) many rivers. So the flood could pass through the rivers and then go into the sea. ”可知疏浚河水是治水更好的方法，故选C。(4)主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了古人治水的故事，所选标题应该与文章主旨一致，结合选项，A选项“治水的故事”最符合主旨含义，故选B。H【答案】ACBBD【解析】本文讲述海啸来临时，人们怎样应对海啸的四点建议。【点评】考查阅读理解。考查细节理解题、推理判断题

69、和主旨大意题。细节理解题需要从文章原文中寻找答案；推理判断题和主旨大意题需要通读全文内容，推断出需要的信息和主旨大意，进而概括出最佳标题。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段 The average speed (平均速度) of the waves (波浪) is 300 mph and the waves can last from five minutes to an hour. （ 海浪的平均速度是每小时300英里，海浪可以持续5分钟到1小时。 ）可知， 当海啸来临时，海浪的速度将高达每小时300英里 。故选A。(2)推理判断题。根据文章 Firstly （第一）， Secondly（第二）

70、， Thirdly（第三） 及 At last（最后） 可知，文章主要讲述了四点建议。故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据第五段Thirdly, get all members of your family together and let everyone know the tsunami is coming. Choose a place to stay together. Make sure the place is safe and as far away from the shore as possible.（ 第三，让你的家庭成员聚在一起，让每个人都知道海啸就要来了。选择一个地方呆在一起

71、。确保这个地方是安全的，并且尽可能远离海岸。 ）可知， 当海啸来临时，你的家人最好一起呆在安全的地方 。故选B。(4)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段At last, if you find a huge wave is coming, climb onto the roof of your house or on the highest point of the nearest building. Hold on to anything thats strong enough. Climb a tree if you have to.（ 最后，如果你发现一个巨浪要来了，爬上你的屋顶或最近的建筑物的最高点。抓住任何足够强壮的东西。如果有必要，可以爬树。 ）可知，爬到房子的屋顶或者最近的建筑楼的最高点，爬到树上，而不是“ 去一个地势较低的地方保证安全 ”。故选B。(5)主旨大意题。根据第二段 What to do in a tsunami? 可知，文章讲述的是海啸的时候人们应该做些什么，可概括出“ 如何在海啸中生存 ”为最佳标题。故选D。