[31885449]Unit 10讲义2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册.docx

1、Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.新课知识讲解与练习常考短语 1. how long 多久，多长时间 2 . have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会 3. give away 捐赠；赠送 4. not any more 不再 5. Welcome to 欢迎到 6. a bit 一点儿，稍微 7. board game 棋类游戏 8. check out 察看；观察 9. a bread maker 面包机 10. grow up 长大 11. clear out 收拾，整理 12. a lot of 许多 13. no longer

2、 不再；不复 14. at first 起初 15. for example 例如 16. a rain and railway set 一套轨道火车 17. as for至于 18. give up 放弃 19. to be honest 说实在的 20. at least 至少 21. on weekends 在周末 22. once or twice year 一年一两次 23. millions of 数百万的 24. search for 寻找 25. according to 依据；按照 26. across from 在的对面 27. in ones opinion 依看 28.

3、 in order to 为了 经典句型1. It is +adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事 3. love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 4. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 5. have been in + 地点 在某处待了多久 6. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 7. one of + the+ 形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最之一 8. used to do sth. 过去常做某事 9. need to do sth. 需要做某事知识详解：Section A

4、1 (1a-2d)1. notanymore再也（不）；（不）再。相当于not any longere.g. You can have it, for I dont need it anymore. The doctor told me not to play computer games anymore.2 . -How long have you had that bike there? -I have had it for three years 辨析：how long, how soon, how often, how far How long 多久，多长（时间）。对时间段提问，如：f

5、or+时间段；since+过去的时间点。 e.g. -How long have you worked in Beijing? -For five years. How soon 多久以后。对in+时间段提问，常用于一般将来时，其答语常用in+时间段。 e.g. How soon will Mr. Li be back? -In a week. How often 多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为：once（twice/）+时间段，always，usually等。 e.g. -How often do you exercise? - Once a day. How far 多远，对距离提问，其答

6、语是表距离的内容。 e.g. -How far is it from here to your school? - Three kilometers.3. 辨析：for 与sincefor其后只能接表示一段时间的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。 e.g. I have lived in this city for five years. 我在这座城市居住了5年了。 He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day. 他通常每天睡12个小时。 since 其后接表示时间点的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接一段时间+ago，常用于完成

7、时态；还用于句型：It is +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子。表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。 e.g. It is two years since I came to China. 自从我到中国以来已经两年了。 She has worked here for five years. =She has worked here since five years ago. 她在这儿工作5年了。 4. Jeffs family is having a yard sale. sale用作名词，意为出售，销售，on sale意为出售，上市；for sale意为待售，供出售，尤指从

8、主人手里出售。 e.g. Chickens are on sale in the market.小鸡在市场上出售。 Im sorry, its not for sale. 抱歉，它不出售。 5. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things. 艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。 Its +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth. 意为（对某人来说）做某事时的，it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。 e.g. Its important for un to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。 6. Amy

9、 wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们勾起她的甜蜜回忆。 memory n. 意为记忆；回忆，复数形式为memories，动词为memorize，意为记忆，背诵。 e.g. She has a good memory. 她记忆力好。 7. Ive had this magazine for a couple of months. 这本杂志我买了几个月了。 a couple of 表示具体的数量两个，指两个相同的人或物体; 表示数量不定的少数几个，作这种虚指的用法时

10、，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定，例如： You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely. 你得等上一两个小时让这些衣服完全晾干。 8. The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyre still interesting. a bit 意为一点儿，稍微，修饰形容词或副词，相当于 a little； a bit of +不可数名词，a little直接加不可数名词。 e.g. There is a bit of/a little water i

11、n the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。 not a bit =not at all 意为一点也不 not a little =very 意为非常 e,g. She is not a bit happy. 她一点儿也不快乐。 He is not a little tired.=He is very tired. 他非常累。 9. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. check用作及物动词，意为检查，审查，短语check out，意为察看，观察。 e.g. If you finish it，check

12、 it by yourself first. 如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。 Check out all the books for children. 察看一下所有的儿童书籍。 check 还可用作名词，意为支票。账单 Section A 2 (3a-3c)1. We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. clear v. 清理；清除 clear out 清理；丢掉 e.g. Ill clear out that closet for you. 我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。 2. We have decid

13、ed to each sell five things that we no longer use. no longer 意为不再；不复，有时可用 not any longer 或 not anymore 替换。如： He no longer lives here. (= He doesnt live here anymore/any longer.) 他不再住这儿了。3. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. 1) certain adj. 意为某种；

14、某事；某人。 e.g. He decided to sell his certain books.他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。 拓展 certain形容词，意为确实的，无疑的。 常用结构：be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事 be certain of/about sth. 对某事确定、有把握 be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事 be certain +从句 一定 e.g. He felt quite certain of success. 他对成功很有把握。 2) part with 放弃、交出， part v. 离开， 分开 e.g. Dont

15、part with your dream. 不要放弃你的梦想。 4. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 1) as for 至于，关于 e.g. And as for us, we are fortunate. 可对我们来说，我们是幸运的。 2) to be honest意为说实在的，说实话，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。类似的表达还有to tell the truth 老实说，说实话。 e.g.

16、 To be honest, she is not an honest girl. 说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。 honest 为形容词， 意为诚实的；老实的。反义词为dishonest 不诚实的。 e.g. An honest man does not tell lies. 诚实的人不会说谎。 3) while n. 一段时间，一会儿 while 还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为当的时候，while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 e.g. They chattered away happily for a while. 他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。 He kept in to

17、uch with us while he was on vacation. 他在度假期间仍与我们保持联系。Section A 3 (Grammar focus 4c)正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时 正确运用for 和since的用法对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同: 1. How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ Ive had it for three years. 我买了三年了。 2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有这套

18、轨道火车多长时间了？ Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。 Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now. 是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。 现在完成时 表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用，如for + 时间段、since + 过去时间点、since + 过去时的从句、si

19、nce + 一段时间 + ago。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. Ive lived here since 1990 自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 I havent seen him for three years. 我三年没有看见他了。 Shes been at this school since five years ago. 自从五年前以来她

20、就在这个学校。 1. 这本书我买了5年了。 I have bought the book for five years. ( ) Ive had the book for five years. ( ) 2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( ) 非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换 1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。 borrow keep buy have put on wea

21、r catch a cold have a cold get to know know get to sleep sleep 2. 转化为be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词 begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in) die be dead leave be away finish be over fall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friends

22、come/go be + 相应的介词短语Section B 1 1a2d1. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities. Search用作不及物动词时，意为搜索；搜查。短语search for 意为搜寻，找寻。 e.g. He is searching for his sunglasses. 他正在找他的太阳镜。 【拓展】作及物动词，意为在搜查或搜查。 e.g. They searched the forest for the lost child. 他们在森林里寻找

23、那个走失的小孩。 2. Among these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father among 在三者或三者以上之间。 e.g. Tom sits among the students. 汤姆坐在学生之间。 between 在两者之间 e.g. Tom sits between Mary and Frank. 汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。a 46-year-old husband and father意为一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，相当于a husband and father of 46years old. four-year-old 是一

24、个复合形容词，特点一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。 e.g. Tom is a 10-year-old boy.= Tom is a boy of 10 years old. 汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。 Lily is an 8-year-old girl. 莉莉是一个8岁的女孩 【拓展】另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词+连字符+名词，或数词+名词的所有格。 e.g. a two-month holiday=a two months holiday 一个为期两个月的假期。 Ten-minute walk/drive/ride=ten minutes

25、 walk/drive/ride 步行/开车/骑车10分钟的路程 3Its a shame, but I just dont have the time, shame 不可数名词，意为羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 与a连用，表示可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事。 e.g. He felt no shame for what he had done. 他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。 Its a shame (that) you cant stay for dinner. 你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾。 【拓展】相关短语：to ones shame 令人感到羞愧的是 feel shame at 因而感到羞愧 in

26、 shame 羞愧的 have no shame无羞耻心 4. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. regard 及物动词，意为将认为；把视为。常用短语regardas意为将视为；把当做，as 为介词，其后接名词或代词。 e.g. I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当做我最好的朋友。 We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。 5. Children have learned to

27、 read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. century可数名词，意为世纪；百年，其复数形式为centuries。 e.g. The mid-20th century 意为20世纪中期 eighteenth-century writer 18世纪的作家。 A hundred years is a century. 一百年是一个世纪。 6. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change. according to 意为依照

28、，按照，to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句 e.g. He divided them into three groups according to age. 他把他们按年龄分成三组。 7. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays. especially 副词，意为尤其；特别；格外，在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。形容词为especial特别的，特殊的。e.g. Flowers are alway

29、s welcomed, especially in winter. 鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是冬天。 8. consider 动词，意为考虑，=think about，后跟名词，代词，动名词，宾语从句或疑问词+不定式。 e.g. Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。 I am considering changing my job.我正在考虑换份工作。 He has never considered how to solve the problem他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。 【拓展】在与动词连用时，只能用动名词形式的动词或短语有： consider

30、考虑 enjoy 喜爱 practice练习 keep （on）继续（一直） mind 介意 finish完成 have fun 高兴 feel like 想要 look forward to 盼望 cant help 禁不住 give up 放弃 歌诀：喜欢错过别介意，完成愉快勤练习，禁不住考虑想放弃 9. in my opinion in ones opinion=in the opinion of sb. 意为依看。 e.g. In my opinion, its best to make some cards for our teachers. 依我看，最好给我们的老师做些卡片。 10

31、. hold hold及物动词，意为拥有；抓住，过去式和过去分词均为held e.g. He holds a major share in the company. 他持有该公司的大部分股份。 He is holding a book in her hand. 她手里正拿着一本书。 【拓展】hold用作及物动词，还可意为举行；主持，相当于have e.g. They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.I. 单项选择1. Our excellent service _ our guests(顾客) _ year after

32、year. A. bring; down B. bring; back C. give; back D. bring; up2. - Did you borrow the comic book from the library? - Yes. I _ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept 3. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. Asees

33、B. can see C. will see D. has seen4. What did you get _ your mother Mothers Day? A beautiful card and a scarf. A. to; on B.for; on C. to; in D. for; in 5. Julie said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? Oh, really! I havent my mailbox yet. A. chosen B. counted C. tested D. checke

34、d 6. _haveyoubeeninthesportsclub? SincethefirstmonthIcametotheschool.A.Howold B.Howlong C.Howmuch D.Howsoon7. WhenIgrowup,Iwanttobeateacher.A.giveup B.putup C.getolder D.getyounger8. Thechildrendecide theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.A.clean B.toclean C.cleaning D.cleaned9. Shefeltsadto herlovelyd

35、og.A.find B.lost C.part with D.get10. -Ken is playing again. Can he pass the exam? -Dont worry. I am _ that he can. A. afraid B. certain C. happy D. Surprised11. thedoctors,themostbeautifulteacherZhangLiliisoutofdanger. Wewishhertoliveahealthyandhappylifeinthefuture. A.InfrontofB.Thanksto C.AsforD.A

36、crossfrom12. Wecantdecidewhatwillhappeninourlife,butwecandecidewhatwewill_ it.A.agreewith B.beginwith C.dowith D.comeupwith13. Our Chinese teacher is very kind to us. So we all regard her _ our best friend. A. by B. as C. for D. with14. _ do you study for the coming English tests? _ listening to the

37、 tape every day. A. How, With B. Why, For C. How, By D. Where, To15. Millionsofstudentswantto goodjobsinbigcities. A.reachfor B.searchfor C.carefor D.findfor16. Hisgradeintheexamputhim thetopstudentsinhisclass. A.between B.over C.among D.above17. Jack,Ihavetohaveatalkwithyourfathertoday. Sorry,Mrs.K

38、ing.Heisgoingonbusinessandwontbe untilnextweek.A. out B.away C.back D. with18. Oh,no!Itsraining.Wecantgoskatingonthesquare,_! A.Whatashame B.Welldone C.Whatasurprise D.Howwonderful19. Idontknowwheretogothissummervacation. Whynot_visitingQingdao?Therearemanyplacesofinterestthere.A. suggest B.wonder C

39、.consider D.regard20. My friend Lisa is good at all the subjects at school, _ English. A. really B. mostly C. especially D. exactly二. 综合填空A从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空。Make, hold, part with, consider, search for, go, Check, 1. I _ my paper carefully before I handed it in.2. . So far I _ quiet a few friends h

40、ere.3. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside _ work in the cities. 4. “Wheres Li Ming?” “He _ to the teachers office.”5. I _ changing my job these days. 6. They _ a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.7. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad _ certain toys

41、. II. 综合填空A. 从方框内选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空check make watch do with own take offer1. TomlearnsChineseby_Chinesemovies.2. Mymotherhasdecided_metoactinglessons.3. Please_ yourtestpaperbeforeyouhanditin.4. The volunteers a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.5. You should learn what _ your problems. 6. Weareconsidering_anewstudyplan.7. He this bike since he was six years old.