北师大版初三英语第18讲：unit 9 语法篇(学生版).docx

1、Unit 9语法篇_理解并掌握过去进行时的用法过去进行时一、过去进行时的基本用法过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行或一直进行的动作。1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday. 昨天这个时候我在做作业。2. 表示某一阶段内正在进行的动作。IwasstayingherefromMarchtoMaylastyear. 去年从3月到5月我一直呆在这。二、过去进行时的构成：was/were + doing 否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句注意：英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时） (1)表心理

2、状态、情感的动词，如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等，若用进行时则词意改变。Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget ) (2)表存在、状态的动词，如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等 (3)表感觉的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等(4)表一时性的动词，如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。三、时间状语

3、标志词atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday), whensb.didsth 注意：1. when后通常用短暂短性动词，while后通常用持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，例如：When the car exploded I was walking past it. 我路过的时候那个车爆炸了。 While I was walking past the car it exploded. 当我路过的时候那个车爆炸了。2.

4、when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。例如： I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。3. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。例如： I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨

5、来了。 四、一般过去时和过去进行时的区别1. 一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：justnow,amomentago,yesterday,lastweek(month,year),thedaybeforeyesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。例如：Iwassixteenyesterdayoldlastyear. 我去年16岁。 Heworkedinafactoryin1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。 Imetherinthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。 Heof

6、tenswamintheriverwhenhewasyoung. 他小时候常在河里游泳。2. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week)，at点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，whensb.didsth.等时间状语从句。例如：Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？ IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingat

7、aradioshopatthetime. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。 Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor. 她敲门时我正在做饭。3. 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。例如：Isawyouwhileyouwerespeakingtotheteacher.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。例如：Shewrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） Shewaswriti

8、ngalettertoherfriendlastnight.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）1. I _the dishes when Mr. Gao visited my home yesterday. A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing2. While I _dinner last night, Angela called me and asked about homework. A. have B. will have C. was having D. am having3. Marry_her homework wh

9、en her mother got home yesterday. A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing4. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me. A. cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang5. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night. A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching

10、 基础演练一、用所给词语的适当形式填空1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2.They_(go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and Peter _(do) the same thing. 3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He _ (listen)

11、 to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.二、单项选择1. -I called you at 6 oclock yesterday evening, but nobody answered.-Im sorry. I_my friend download the movie Kung Fu Panda when the telephone rang,A. would help B. helped C. was helping D. am helping2. He said he_ to draw a plane o

12、n the blackboard at that time. A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try3. I_ along the road when I saw Peter. So we stopped and had a chat.A. walked B. was walking C. would walk D. had walked4. -What did the teacher say just now? -Sorry. I didnt catch it. I _something else.A. think B. will think

13、C. was thinking D. had thought5. Yesterday evening, I was walking along the street_I suddenly met my maths teacher.A. when B. while C. as D. before三、按要求进行句型转换1.We were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.(改为否定句)We _ _ a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.2. Kate was reviewing her lessons

14、 at eight last nigh. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定、否定回答)_3. He ran in the park .(用at this time yesterday改写)_4.They were playing computer games at nine last night.( 对划线部分提问)_5.I was reading a novel at three yesterday afternoon.( 对划线部分提问) _巩固提高一、根据中文提示完成句子1. 你介意把音乐调小点儿声吗？ Would you_ the music?2. 我们把用过的书捐赠给慈善机构。 We_us

15、ed books_charity. 3. 我相信我们还有更多事情可以做。 We believe there are _.4. 我每天骑自行车上班。 I _every day.5. 今天天太热，你为什不把夹克脱掉呢？ Its too hot today. _your jacket?二、翻译1. 昨天这个时候你们英语老师在做什么？她在和一些家长谈话吗？_2.当我离开的时候他正在画一幅世界地图。_3. 当你看见他们的时候他们在干什么？他们在打扫教室。 _4. 那时二班的学生没在操场上踢足球，他们在打篮球。_5. 一天，母亲下班回家的时候，约翰在写给一个朋友写信。_一、单项选择1. A lot of

16、trees _along the street last year. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted2. -If it _fine tomorrow, lets have a picnic in the park.-Great idea! A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 3. -Your English is so good.-Thank you. I _it since I was sevent years old. A. learn B. have learned C. will

17、learn D. learned4. Paul and I _ tennis yesterday. He did much better than 1.A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing5. The air in Beijing is much worse than that in many other cities. We must do_to protect our environment. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything6. It is reported that

18、people throw _plastic bags along this street every week. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of 7. - Where were you at 7:00 last night? - I _ to my mom at home.A. write B. was writing C. wrote D. am writing8. -Mr. Lee _ to a student when I entered the classroom this morning.- He is very

19、 patient _ he is young.A. talking; but B. talks; though C. was talking, though D. talked, however9. -What were you doing this time yesterday?-I _ on the grass and drawing a picture.A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting10. The girl with two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened.A. was pl

20、aying B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing二、完形填空In 1989 a strong earthquake almost flattened America, and over 300,000 people were injured in less than four minutes. Though the earthquakes had not ended completely,a father 1 to the school where his sonwas supposed to be,only to find that the

21、 building was as flat as a pancake.After a momenthe came to himself and remembered the 2 he had made to his son: “No matter what happens,Ill always be there for you!” And tears began to fill his eyes. As he looked at the ruins(废墟),it looked 3 ,but he kept remembering his promise to his son. He rushe

22、d there and started digging in the ruins.As he was digging, other helpless 4 arrived, saying: “Its too late! Theyre all dead! Come on,face reality. Theres nothing you can do!” To each parent he just replied , “Are you going to help me now?” No one helped. And then he 5 to dig for his son,stone by st

23、one. 6 he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy 7 or is he dead?” He dug for 8 hours12 hours24 hours36 hoursThen, in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his sons 8 . He screamed his sons name,“ARMAND!” He heard back,“Dad! Its me,Dad! I told the other kids

24、not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, you would saveme and whenyou saved me,theyd be saved. You promised,No matter what happens,Ill always bethere for you! You did it,Dad!”“Whats going on there?” The father asked anxiously.“There are 14 of us left out of 33,Dad. Were very frightened,hung

25、ry,thirsty and thankful youre here.When the building fell down,it 9 a triangle（三角形）,and it saved us.”“Come out,boy!”“No,Dad! Let the other kids come out first,becauseI know youll 10 me! No matter what happens,I know youll always be there for me!”1. A. walked B. came C. rushed D. drove2. A. conversat

26、ion B. promise C. dialogue D. encouragement3. A. hopeless B. homelessC. careless D. endless4. A. teachers B. friends C. parents D. students5. A. stopped B. continuedC. decided D. started6. A. Seriously B. Nervously C. DangerouslyD. Courageously7. A. angry B. alone C. happy D. alive8. A. voice B. spe

27、ech C. laugh D. suggestion 9. A. saved B. made C. rose D. drew10. A. get B. join C. see D. leave_一、单项选择1. -Dad, _ I borrow your camera? -Sure. But why?A. can B. must C. should D. need2. I think man-made wonders are _ than natural ones.A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most excitin

28、g3. Your computer will go wrong if you _ games too often on it.A. play B. plays C. playing D. will play4. The story of this book_ how young people love each other.A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told5. -Will teachers _ by computers in the future, Tony?-Maybe yes, maybe no. But Im sure well learn from

29、 both of them.A. have replaced B. are replacing C. are replaced D. be replaced6. Liu Xiang trained so hard _ he hurt his foot.A. when B. while C. that D. what(附：单选1-6, 北京市昌平区2019-2019学年第一学期初三年级期末质量抽测英语试卷)二、阅读理解ASometimes people call ours a throw-away society. That means that were always throwing awa

30、y old things and buying new ones. Many times, you no longer need something, but someone else may just need to buy one. For example, if your baby doesnt like his toy car any longer, why not give it to a nearly family who has a little kid? Thats one less plastic toy car that they need to buy. Its also

31、 one less plastic toy that needs to be produced, packaged and shipped to the toy store.Here arc some other ways to help the society save resources (资源):Use the other side of the paper so that less trees are cut down.Use rechargeable (可再充电的) batteries for your electric toys, MP3 players, cell phones,

32、 and cameras. Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable (一次性的) paper or plastic cups.Take your own cloth shopping bags instead of using the plastic bags that are offered when you go shopping. Drink tap water instead of buying bottled water.And there are some things you can exchange with your

33、 friends, for example, books, toys, even clothes. Its a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing many things away.1. What does “throw-away society” mean according to the passage? A. we dont like old things. B. we dont buy new things. C. were always throwi

34、ng away old things. D. were always throwing away old things and buying new ones. 2. What do we help the society if we give a second-hand toy car to a neighbor kid? A. Produce more new ones B. Develop fast C. Become richer and richer D. Save resources 3. Which of the following is NOT true according t

35、o the passage? A. We should buy things that can be reused in our daily life. B. We can exchange some things with others for further use. C. Its good for us to throw away old things and buy new ones. D. We are supposed to give the things we no longer need to our neighbors.4. What should we do in our

36、daily life after reading the passage? A. Try to throw as few old things as we can. B. Use as many disposable things as possible. C. Drink bottled water even though there is tap water around. D. Buy everything we need instead of exchanging them with others.BAsk someone what they have done to help the

37、 environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of thatover-consumptionin the greenest way possible, but

38、 it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the firstplace. Here is an example. In the UK, the total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 2019 and 2019. It now makes up a third of a typical households waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items

39、are packaged twice withplastic and cardboard. Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off green-house gases which go onto cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling

40、helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not toproduce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannotcontinue, encouragin

41、g customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging withquality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a w

42、ide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material we are collecting. We need to face the waste of our daily life. Although many people have taken action to

43、recycle, we have a high mountain to climb. 5. What does the underlined phrase over-consumption refer to?A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes.C. Making more products than necessary. D. Having more material than is needed.6. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _.A. the

44、tendency of cutting household wasteB. the increase of packaging recyclingC. the rapid growth of supermarketsD. the fact of packaging overuse7. According to the text, recycling _.A. helps control the greenhouse effect B. means burning packaging for energyC. is the solution to gas shortage D. leads to

45、 a waste of land8. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.D. Other products are better packaged than food.9. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Fighting wastef

46、ulness is difficult.B. Needless material is mostly recycled.C. People like collecting recyclable waste.D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.CIt is an argument that has divided the East and the West for centuries: Are chopsticks better than the knife and fork, or vice versa? Now the winne

47、r may finally be decided, on environmental ground.Chopsticks are made from a variety of materials, but bamboo and wood chopsticks are more popular. They are usually cheaper, lower in temperature conduction and provide better sense for holding food. Thats why almost all disposable（一次性的）chopsticks are

48、 made of bamboo or wood. With cutting down 25 million fully-grown trees a year to make chopsticks, China has ranked number one among the producers. “We must change our habits and encourage people to take their own chopsticks when eating out,” said Mr. Bo, the owner of a forestry industry company in

49、China. He even went so far as to suggest that restaurants should offer metal knives and forks instead. If Mr. Bos suggestion is widely accepted, it would be a dark moment in chopsticks 4,000-year history.Chopsticks were invented in ancient China and later spread around Asia. They are not only used a

50、s eating tools but also used for cooking, stirring the fire and serving food. Koreans sometimes use metal chopsticks because of their love of barbecue（烧烤）. Chinese chopsticks are longer than Korean and Japanese chopsticks in order to reach the dishes in the center of the table. There are 1.4 billion

51、 people using 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks in China every year. However, the most widespread use of disposable chopsticks is inJapan. Around a total of 24 billion pairs are used in Japan each year,which means each Japanese uses almost 200 pairs yearly. However, most of its disposable ch

52、opsticks have been imported（进口）from China, up to over 90%. Today, China has to accept the truth that its forests can no longer provide enough chopsticks to feed Asians table habit. China is now the worlds largest importer of wood and even imports chopsticks from America. An American company said tha

53、t the states native sweet gum and poplar wood would be perfectly used to make chopsticks. These materials do not need to be lightened with chemicals or bleach（漂白粉）. The healthy materials and fairly reasonable prices of the products are appealing to Asian customers. More and more Asians start to use

54、American-made chopsticks at their tables. Although the U.S. has a huge amount of wood, reducing the number of trees that are cut down in Asia, changing the table habit of using disposable chopsticks still seems to be a wiser choice for chopsticks-using countries.10. According to Paragraph 2, Mr. Bos

55、 advice is that Chinese should _.A. use metal chopsticks instead of wooden ones B. plant more trees and produce fewer chopsticksC. form the habit of taking their own chopsticks when eating out D. change their habits and begin to use knives and forks at home11. What do we know about chopsticks in Asi

56、a?A. Koreans mainly use chopsticks to cook food over a fire.B. Most disposable chopsticks in Japan are made in China. C. The most disposable chopsticks are used in Japan yearly. D. Chinese use the shortest chopsticks to take and serve food.12. The underlined word “appealing” in Paragraph 4 probably means _. A. normal B. necessary C. attractive D. surprising13. Whats the best title for the passage? A. Time to Change the Materials for Chopsticks B. Time to Cut Down on Disposable Chopsticks C. Time to Import Disposable Chopsticks D. Time to Give Up Using Chopsticks