2021版英语全能大一轮复习人教版话题语篇专攻练 二十一　GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。话题语篇专攻练 二十一必修5Unit 1Great scientists(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AJoseph Frederick Engelberger, the father of robotics, was born on July 26, 1925, in Brooklyn. He received his B. S. in physics in 1946, and M. S. in Electric Engineering in 1949 from Colu

2、mbia University. He worked as an engineer with Manning, Maxwell and Moore, and then he met George Devol at a party in 1956, two years after Devol had designed and patented an industrial robotic arm. However, Manning, Maxwell and Moore was sold and Engelbergers division was closed that year. Finding

3、himself jobless but with a business partner and an idea, Engelberger co-founded Unimation with Devol, creating the worlds first robotics company. And the introduction of robotics to the manufacturing process effectively transformed the automotive industry. Over the next two decades, the Japanese too

4、k the lead by investing heavily in robots to replace people performing certain tasks. In Japan, Engelberger was widely described as a key player in the post-war ascendancy(支配地位, 优势) of Japanese manufacturing quality and efficiency. After observing the help his aging parents needed, Engelberger saw t

5、he robotics automation could be used in the medical field. In 1984, Engelberger founded Transitions Research Corporation(TRC). He introduced the HelpMate and hoped to kick-start a new industry for in-home robots, but he started in 1988 by selling his first HelpMate to Danbury Hospital. The medical r

6、obot was successful enough that the hospital ended up purchasing another, and within a decade, well over 100 hospitals worldwide operated HelpMates. After Engelberger was awarded the Japan Prize in 1997, Senator Joseph Lieberman delivered a speech in the U. S. Senate in praise and recognition of the

7、 inventor, calling the HelpMate an example that shows the federal investment in science and technology for patients can lead to new products that employ Americans and make for a better quality of life. Engelberger liked working. So even after he got into his 80s, he remained active in the promotion

8、and development of robots for use in elder care. He died on December 1, 2015, in Newtown, a little more than four months after celebrating his 90th birthday. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记, 主要介绍了机器人之父Joseph Frederick Engelberger 的生平。1. What motivated Engelberger to set up TRC? A. His desire to gain wide acceptance

9、. B. The success of founding Unimation. C. The challenge from other companies. D. His parents demanding aid from others. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, Engelberger年迈的父母需要别人帮助的事实激发了他建立TRC。2. Whats Liebermans attitude toward HelpMate? A. Concerned. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Opposed. 【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据第四段中的“an

10、example that shows the federal investment in science and technology for patients can lead to new products that employ Americans and make for a better quality of life”可知, Lieberman对the HelpMate持支持的态度。 3. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The home of robots UnimationB. The

11、father of robotics EngelbergerC. The strong personality Engelberger hadD. The great contribution Engelberger made to medicine【解析】选B。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知, 本文主要介绍了机器人之父Joseph Frederick Engelberger 的生平。B “Once there was the Stone Age, then the Bronze Age, and now we are in the middle of the Plastic Age, ” said

12、 teenager Boyan Slat. “Every year, we produce 300 million tons of plastic. Much of it reaches our oceans. ” At the age of 16, Boyan Slat dived off Greece in the Mediterranean Sea seeing more rubbish floating on and under the surface. He said, “At first, I thought I was swimming through strange jelly

13、fish. Instead, I swam through more plastic bags than fish. ” Seeing all the ocean trash, he asked himself, “Why not clean it up? ” Slat quit his Aerospace Engineering studies to create www. theoceancleanup. com in order to fund his research on how to pick up all the plastic trash floating on the oce

14、ans of the world. Researchers discovered that 46, 000 pieces of plastic float on every square mile of the oceans, produced by billions of humans around the planet throwing their plastic into rivers, streams and directly into the oceans. Whats worse, plastic does not break down. Today, we find plasti

15、c in the tissue of about every creature in the oceans. Additionally, millions of tons of plastic gather in giant ocean going garbage patches (垃圾带). You may Google “The Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. It grows from 60 to 90 feet deep in places. It kills millions of sea birds, turtles, sharks, dolphins

16、and whales. Being a brilliant, innocent teenager, Boyan Slat decided to construct designs of some equipment that would collect millions of tons of plastic floating on our oceans. He created a solar-powered trawler (拖网渔船) to pick up surface plastic, chew it up and store it in huge bins for collection

17、. He also created floating booms (水栅) that allow the oceans to sweep the plastic for efficient pickup. When you see the designs, they will blow your mind. Boyan Slat stands at the head of his class in creating solutions for the folly of humans. If ever humans need leaders to stand up and be counted,

18、 we need more people like Boyan Slat to lead us out of damaging our planet home towards a biologically healthy future. 【文章大意】16岁的Boyan Slat设计出了专门用于收集海洋塑料垃圾的设备, 为保护海洋生态系统作出了杰出的贡献。4. Boyan Slat said we are in the Plastic Age because nowadays _. A. the use of plastic is all humans big concernB. there i

19、s too much plastic all over the worldC. plastic threatens many creatures in the oceansD. plastic is the most important material in our daily life【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, Boyan Slat在说了我们处在塑料时代之后, 紧接着说明我们每年制造大量塑料这一事实。由此可推知, 他这样说是因为现在全世界有太多塑料。5. The fourth paragraph mainly tells us _. A. the popularity of

20、 plasticB. the great harm caused by plastic rubbishC. the present situation of garbage patchesD. the relationship between plastic and animals【解析】选B。段落大意题。通读第四段可知, 本段主要讲了被丢弃在海洋中的塑料垃圾对海洋生物造成的巨大危害。6. Which of the following were Boyan Slats efforts to fight against plastic rubbish on the oceans? a. He c

21、reated floating booms. b. He created a rubbish-picking trawler. c. He invented special huge bins for collection. d. He started www. theoceancleanup. com to raise funds. A. a, b, dB. a, c, dC. a, b, cD. b, c, d【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知, 他创造了用来捡拾海洋垃圾的太阳能拖网渔船以及漂浮水栅; 根据第三段第一句可知, 他为清理海洋垃圾筹资而创建了www. theoc

22、eancleanup. com这一网站。综上可知, 应选A项。7. Which of the following words can best describe Boyan Slat? A. Generous and hardworkingB. Careful and strong-willedC. Cheerful and friendlyD. Creative and practical【解析】选D。推理判断题。综合全文可知, Boyan Slat 在发现问题后便开始着手解决问题, 并将想法付诸实践, 达到了预期效果。由此可推知, 他是个很务实的人。根据第五段介绍的他的发明可知, 他很有创

23、造力。故选D项。【知识拓展】难句解读Slat quit his Aerospace Engineering studies to create www. theoceancleanup. com in order to fund his research on how to pick up all the plastic trash floating on the oceans of the world. 翻译: 斯拉特退出了他的航天工程研究, 创建了www. theoceancleanup. com网站, 为如何捡起漂浮在世界海洋中的所有塑料垃圾的研究募集资金。分析: 这是一个复合句, 主句

24、是Slat quit his Aerospace Engineering studies, 不定式to create www. theoceancleanup. com作结果状语, 不定式in order to fund his research作目的状语修饰动词create, 介词短语on how to pick up all the plastic trash作定语修饰名词research, 现在分词短语floating on the oceans of the world作定语修饰名词trash。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

25、项。How to Build Healthy Interpersonal RelationshipsHuman beings are social creatures and thrive(茁壮成长) in relationships with others. A healthy part to be a well-rounded, happy individual is engaging in healthy relationships with others. These friendships can provide safe environments in which individu

26、als can thrive and help promote general well-being. 1Know your worth. One of the first steps in building healthy interpersonal relationships is understanding ones value. When an individual is aware of and treasures what he or she has, the building of relationships can be founded on that knowledge. 2

27、 Everyone has talents. When this worth is discovered, a person can then make use of these skills in approaching interpersonal relationships. If someone is a good listener, showing how to develop this skill can attract relationships with individuals who have a need for this talent. Recognize the valu

28、e of others. 3 In a healthy interpersonal relationship, both parties should be respected and feel as if they are valued in the friendship. When contributions to the relationship become one-sided, the relationship will move from healthy to unhealthy. 4Another way to build healthy relationships is to

29、make friends with someone who shares the same value systems and lifestyles. Knowing that a friend will not request something from an individual will help to foster trust in the relationship. 5 The relationship can grow on this familiarity. Trust can also develop from these similarities and go a long

30、 way in fostering a healthy friendship. A. Everyone has worth. B. Be true to yourself. C. Seek out individuals with similar value systems. D. Also, having the same lifestyle can provide a link of familiarity. E. A healthy interpersonal relationship cannot be built on dishonesty. F. Here are some tip

31、s to build healthy interpersonal relationships. G. Along with understanding ones worth is recognizing and understanding the worth of others. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了几种建立健康的人际交往能力的方法。1. 【解析】选F。作者在第一段叙述了健康的人际交往有非常多的好处, 而后面提出了几种建立健康的人际交往能力的方法, 所以此处是承上启下, 即“以下有一些技巧来帮助你建立健康的人际关系”。2. 【解析】选A。本段的标题“Know your worth. ”与

32、后面的“Everyone has talents. ”相一致, 故选项A“每个人都有自己的价值”符合题意。3. 【解析】选G。本段的标题是“Recognize the value of others. ”作者强调要意识到他人的价值。4. 【解析】选C。根据段落中的内容“Another way to build healthy relationships is to make friends with someone who shares the same value systems and lifestyles. ”可知, 本段在讲“要寻求与自己有相似爱好的人”, 所以用“Seek out i

33、ndividuals with similar value systems. ”作标题。5. 【解析】选D。本段前后在叙述有相同的爱好和生活方式的好处。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Bob, Im

34、sorry to tell you that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on this Sunday, because something unlucky happened to me in the PE class yesterday. I was playing basketball with my friends while I jumped highly to catch the ball. Another student struck me on a leg accidentally, that made me break my le

35、g. The situation made everyone nervous. However, I was sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible. The doctor suggested that I rested until next Friday. I hope the change will not cause you too much troubles. Shall I go next Saturday morning? We can set out early so that well have more time re

36、ad and select books. Yours, Li Hua1. 【解析】第一句删除on。考查介词。时间名词前面有this, that, next, last修饰时, 前面不再用介词。2. 【解析】第二句whilewhen。考查连词。be doing. . . when. . . 为固定句型, 意为 “正在做某事, 突然”, when在此为并列连词, 不能用while代替。3. 【解析】第二句highlyhigh。考查副词。 highly表示抽象意义“高度地”, high作为副词时表示具体的“高”, “跳得高”应是表示具体的 “高”。4. 【解析】第三句athe。考查冠词。“动词(hi

37、t, strike, pull, take等)+sb. +介词+the+表示身体某部位的名词”为固定结构, 意为“拍/打/拽/抓住某人身体某个部位”, 该结构中的the不可用形容词性物主代词或a代替。5. 【解析】第三句thatwhich。考查定语从句。逗号后为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为前面一整句话, 应用 which引导。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句。6. 【解析】第五句HoweverTherefore。考查连词。根据语境可知, 上下两句之间应是因果关系, 不是转折关系。7. 【解析】第六句restedrest。考查时态。suggest表示“建议”时, 后面的宾语从句中的谓语应用 should do, should可以省略。8. 【解析】第七句troublestrouble。考查名词。 trouble是不可数名词, 意为“麻烦”。前面有much修饰, 故将troubles改为 trouble。9. 【解析】第八句Iwe。考查代词。根据下文中的We可知, 此处描述的人称不一致。10. 【解析】第九句在time后加to。考查固定搭配。have time to do sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“有时间做某事”。关闭Word文档返回原板块