2021版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教版核心素养测评 二十一 必修5 UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评 二十一必修5 Unit 1Great scientists(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AA biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from e

2、xtinction. Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prizethe highest accolade in the field of animal conservationfor his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk. When the 61-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the

3、1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds nests and hatching(孵化)the

4、m under incubators, prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild. A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also been necessary in efforts to bring other rare species back from the edge of ext

5、inction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler. Prof. Jones was awarded the $250, 000 (172, 000) prize at a ceremony in London. “As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didnt enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received, ” reflecting on the start of his career,

6、 he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild. Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his

7、work, only becoming a father for the first time eight years ago, at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了生物学家Carl Jones通过人工繁殖的方式使濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加, 并且因此获得了2016年的印第安纳波利斯奖。1. What does the underline

8、d word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?A. Return. B. Level. C. Honor. D. Research. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由于破折号后面的句子是对前面句子的补充说明, 故由“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”可推知, 这里的“accolade”与获奖有关, 所以C项“荣誉”符合题意。2. According to the passage, Great Auk is _. A. an endangered birdB. an extinct birdC. a popular birdD. a fie

9、rce bird【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk. ”可知, 他拯救了濒临灭绝的红隼, 使它免于遭受Great Auk的情况, 所以推测, Great Auk是已经灭绝的一种鸟类。故选B。3. What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?A. Taking eggs from the nests has worked well. B. The wild environment for kestr

10、el has changed a lot. C. Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild. D. Its difficult to protect kestrel. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句中的“. . . had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. ”可知, 红隼的数量已经开始增加了, 所以可推断人工繁殖的方法很有效, 与第三段中的“人工繁殖”相对应。故选A。4. Prof. Jones idea of taking eggs fro

11、m the birds nests _. A. was proved of no useB. was widely acceptedC. was promoted officiallyD. was criticized by some people【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“A biologist once criticized. . . the rarest bird”及文章倒数第二段“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didnt enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticis

12、m I received, ” 和最后一句中的“In the 1970s there was. . . that they were too risky. . . ”可知琼斯教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评。故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. criticizevt. 批评2. conservationn. 保护3. tensionn. 紧张4. oppositionn. 反对5. captiveadj. 被监禁的;被困住的6. breedvt. 饲养;培育7. emphasisn. 重要性长难句分析In the 1970s there was fierce opposition

13、 to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild. 分析:本句是一个复合句。本句是there be句型, arguing后是that引导的宾语从句。译文:在20世纪七十年代, 有人强烈反对人工繁殖的方法, 批评家们争论说:这些方法有风险, 不重视在野外的繁殖。 (2020桂林模拟)Studying the DNA of 300 mice has flagged up genes whic

14、h have been linked to hereditary (遗传的) sight loss for the first time. Researchers say because mices genes are so similar to humans, their findings could lead to the treatment of more genetic diseases. Scientists at the University of California, Davis studied information from a data bank of mices gen

15、etic material. They found 347 genes linked to eye problems, with just 86 of them having been studied in the past. Only around 50 to 75 percent of hereditary eye diseases in human can be explained with present science. The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key t

16、o explainingand therefore being able to treat the other 2550 percent. “This is extremely valuable for people with hereditary eye disease, ”said researcher Professor Ala Moshiri. “All researchers are going to start using these data. In the past, we knew the problem was there but we didnt know where t

17、o look. Now eye centers can call back patients and screen them for these new genes. We expected that more and more of these genetic diseases will be treatable. ”Also, the fact is that more than 60 percent of eye problems at birth are ones resulting from the babys parents! Thanks to data from the Int

18、ernational Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), which is trying to work out what every single gene in a mouse is responsible for, with the aim of translating it to humans, scientists are moving closer to figuring out all genetic causes of blindness. To do this, scientists separate a single gene from

19、 other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time. This has so far been done more than 7, 000 times and has achieved great success. Researchers are now working alongside eye care centers in Texas and Iowa in order to compare the mices genes to those of patients.

20、【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家们对小白鼠数百种的新基因进行了研究。研究的成果是解释人类遗传性眼病的关键。1. How many hereditary-sight-loss-related genes were newly found?A. 86. B. 261. C. 300. D. 347. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段They found 347 genes linked to eye problems, with just 86 of them having been studied in the past. 可知, 他们发现347个基因与眼睛问题有

21、关, 其中只有86个基因在过去被研究过。即新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有:347-86=261个, 故选B。2. Why is the percentage of genetic eye problems mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. To show the significance of studying mices genes. B. To prove mices genes are similar to humans. C. To warn the high risk level of suffering them. D. To explain how comm

22、on they are among people. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explainingand therefore being able to treat the other 25-50 percent. 可知, 研究人员认为, 在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键, 因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。故选A。3. What

23、should scientists do first to unlock secrets of genetic blindness?A. Compare humans genes with mices. B. Recognize each genes role of humans. C. Set apart a gene of a mouse each time. D. Figure out each genes function of a mouse. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段To do this, scientists separate a single gene from o

24、ther ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time. 可知, 科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分离出来, 然后观察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。即为了解开基因性失明的秘密, 科学家首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。故选C。4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. New Ways to Cure Sight Loss. B. Genes Found Behind Eye Problems. C. Genetic

25、Diseases Discovered in Mice. D. Humans Genes Causing Eye Diseases. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容:科学家发现在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. flag up引起的注意2. genetic adj. 基因的3. treatable adj. 可治疗的长难句分析The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explainingand

26、therefore being able to treat the other 25-50 percent. 分析:本句是一个复合句。谓语动词believe后接宾语从句, 省略了that。译文:研究人员认为, 在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键, 因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。B世纪金榜导学号Hacking isnt just for computers and smart phones. According to a study, scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in order to make

27、it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the number of food produced around the world. Scientists used tobacco plants in the study because it is easy to change the plants genes. Hacked plants are larger than normal plants. Photosynthesis is the word used to describe how plan

28、ts use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy. But by hacking a plants genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Scientists ha

29、cked the plants protective system. Normally, this system starts when a plant gets too much sunlight. When the plant senses the light, it creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off. But the process is slow. The new study sped up the process by changing the pl

30、ants genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth on two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study o

31、n tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes would produce the same results in corn and rice. Agriculture professor Tala Awanda said the study makes sense, but cautioned the yield(产量)might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. Still, she added in an email, “this study remains a b

32、reakthrough. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家通过研究发现了一种通过破解植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法, 这种方法对提高粮食产量是一个重大突破。5. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?A. We can find hacking only in digital devices. B. A plants genes can be changed by hacking. C. Hacking has been used in improving food production. D. Hacki

33、ng can be used to change whatever you want. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. ”可知, 科学家发现一种破解植物基因的方法, 可以使植物更快地利用阳光, 由此可知, 植物的基因可以通过破解来改变, 故B项正确。6. Why did scientists choose tobacco plants to study?A. Because they are

34、 very easy to get. B. Because their genes are easy to change. C. Because they are larger than other plants. D. Because they can absorb sunlight quickly. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists used tobacco plants in the study because it is easy to change the plants genes”可知, 科学家在研究中选择使用烟草植物是因为它们的基因很容易改变, 故B

35、项正确。7. What do we know about photosynthesis?A. It helps plants to produce energy. B. It is regarded as a productive system for plants. C. It can increase leaf growth on plants by 14 percent. D. It is made up of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Photosynthesis is the word used

36、to describe how plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make their own food. ”可知, 光合作用这个词用来描述植物如何利用阳光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物, 由此可知, 光合作用能帮助植物产生能量, 故A项正确。8. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that changing the plants genes proved_. A. uselessB. deadlyC. effectiveD. unrealistic【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As a res

37、ult, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. ”可知, 结果, 科学家在研究中使用的植物叶片生长量增加了, 由此可知, 改变植物基因的方法证明是有效的, 故C项正确。9. What is Tala Awandas attitude toward the study?A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Objective. D. Critical. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“. . . the study makes sense, but cautioned th

38、e yield might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. Still, she added in an email, this study remains a breakthrough. ”可知, Awanda说这个研究很有意义, 但她警告说对传统农作物来说, 产量可能不会那么高, 最后她还说不管怎样, 这项研究仍是一个突破, 由此可知Awanda对这项研究持客观态度, 故C项正确。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. process n. 过程2. protective adj. 保护的;防护的3. conventional adj.

39、 依照惯例的;传统的长难句分析Agriculture professor Tala Awanda said the study makes sense, but cautioned the yield might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. 分析:本句是一个复合句。Agriculture professor Tala Awanda是从句的主语, said是谓语, 其后是宾语从句, but是并列连词, 连接了said和cautioned。译文:农业教授Tala Awanda说这项研究非常有意义, 但是警告说对于传统的粮食作物

40、来说, 产量可能不是那么高。. 阅读填句Films and computer gamesIn just a few decades the gaming industry has become much bigger than the film business. What is called “interactive entertainment” makes more money than Hollywood cinema. Is there any way of making films more appealing to people who like to play computer

41、games?Making a film out of a best-selling computer game can guarantee a large audience. 1 Nowadays films are made with similar ones. They have attractive action scenes relying on fantasy effects as well. Gaming markets consist of science-fiction games, and film-makers have also set films in science-

42、fiction worlds. 2 Any attempt to borrow more than the setting from a game is certain to fail. Why do gamers feel disappointed by films based on their favorite games? One of the reasons is technical. Now everything can be computer-produced. 3 However, filming a scene from 20 different cameras would c

43、ost a fortune, so it simply isnt done in the film versionleaving the gamers feeling that the film didnt look as real as the computer game. 4 In a film the director doesnt show you some things to keep you have the feeling of excitement or anxiety. For example, you wouldnt be interested in watching th

44、e film if you knew the identity of the murderer. But this is not true for computer games. When you play a game, you have to do certain tasks to continue to the new level. 5 You are always in control as a player, while in the cinema you never control the action. You just sit and watch. There can be s

45、ome interaction between films and computer games on different levels. For all the similarities between technologies and special effects, we shouldnt forget that a story and a game are fundamentally different. A. Cameras matter in another sense, too. B. The success of a game usually lies in the use o

46、f special effects. C. You cant influence what happens at all in the computer games. D. Computer games may show the action from a number of views easily. E. The game has a good chance of being as successful as the film on which it is based. F. You must be able to have access to all the information in

47、 order to decide what to do next. G. However, the difficulty for film producers appears to be knowing where and when to stop. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。介绍游戏产业可能会取代电影产业以及其背后的原因, 同时还对电影和游戏进行了对比。1. 【解析】选B。根据后文Nowadays films are made with similar ones. They have attractive action scenes relying on fantasy effects

48、as well. 可知, 如今制作电影也使用了类似的特效, 最终呈现吸引人眼球的动作场景。根据后文的similar ones可知, 电影和游戏使用类似的特效来保证动作场景的美观, B选项“一部游戏的成功通常在于特效的使用”切题, 故选B。2. 【解析】选G。根据后一句Any attempt to borrow more than the setting from a game is certain to fail. 可知, 任何企图借鉴游戏背景之外的东西注定是要失败的。G选项“但是, 电影制作人的困难在于知道借鉴游戏到什么程度, 借鉴哪些方面”, 与后文, “如果全盘借鉴注定失败”, 意思一致

49、, 故选G。3. 【解析】选D。根据后一句However, filming a scene from 20 different cameras would cost a fortune, so it simply isnt done in the film versionleaving the gamers feeling that the film didnt look as real as the computer game. 可知, 用20台摄像机拍摄一个场景会很花钱, 通常在拍摄电影中是无法做到的, 因此会让游戏玩家感觉电影没有游戏场景逼真。D选项, “游戏可以从不同的角度来展示一个场

50、景”切题, 故选D。4. 【解析】选A。根据后一句In a film the director doesnt show you some things to keep you have the feeling of excitement or anxiety. 可知, 在电影中, 导演为了让你保持兴奋或者着急, 不会让你看到某些东西, 这就在于摄像机的使用。A选项“摄像机从另一个层面来说也很重要”切题, 故选A。5. 【解析】选F。根据后一句You are always in control as a player, while in the cinema you never control

51、the action. 可知, 作为游戏玩家你一直处于控制的地位, 而在电影院, 你无法控制动作场景。F选项, “你必须能够充分利用所有的信息来决定下一步做什么”切题, 故选F。. 应用文写作假如你叫李华。你的笔友Chris写信告诉你, 他打算暑期来你的家乡北京旅游。在信中他向你咨询关于北京的一些情况。请你从以下几个方面给他写一封回信:1. 气候宜人;2. 历史名胜众多、自然风景闻名;3. 美食荟萃;4. 交通便利。注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可以适当发挥, 以使行文连贯。参考词汇:故宫the Forbidden City;香山公园Fragrant Hills Park;北京烤鸭Beiji

52、ng Roast Duck;炸酱面Noodles with Soy Bean Paste_【参考范文】Dear Chris, Im so delighted to know that you are planning to visit Beijing in the coming vacation. Its a great pleasure for me to introduce to you my hometown as follows. My hometown is a beautiful city with a pleasant climate all (the) year round.

53、It is not only rich with historical relics and ancient sites like the Forbidden City, but also famous for its scenic spots like Fragrant Hills Park. You may also like the various delicious foods, such as Beijing Roast Duck or Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, whose color and taste are extremely inviting. Its convenient to get around our city. You can find almost every means of transport here, like buses, taxis, trains and subways, which can take you anywhere you like. Looking forward to meeting you here and best wishes to you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua关闭Word文档返回原板块