2021届高考英语一轮复习专项点拨专题04高考阅读理解之主旨大意题.doc

1、主旨大意题目录六. 阅读理解主旨大意题16.1篇章主旨题16.2篇章目的题76.3段落主旨题14六. 阅读理解主旨大意题6.1篇章主旨题【命题方式】1. 常见命题形式(主旨类)The main idea/ key point of this passage is that _.The passage is mainly about _.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is that _.From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.The last paragraph is chiefly c

2、oncerned with _. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 2.标题类(best title) The best title/ headline for this passage is _.What might be the best title for the story?【解题技巧】1.定位文章的主旨句：【标题、首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句

3、】及【高频词】。2.没有明显主旨句：各段中心句总结相加法或者语文总结中心思想法。3.标题题还可以用反向逆推法，即锁定选项标题，以此自己构思一篇文章，看看和阅读文章的安排构思是否一致。【分析选项特点】 正确选项特点：1. 是主题句、关键词2. 能概括文章全部内容 3. 含义深刻或说明道理错误选项特点：1. 无中生有的新内容2. 范围过宽或过窄（某一细节内容） 3. 偷换概念文章标题特点：1.独特新颖（吸引读者） 2.概括性强（不能只概括某些事实和细节） 3.短小精悍【典例分析】1Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees co

4、mmunicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of usever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the

5、 opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition depending on who needs it.Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌)networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just t

6、he right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about mother trees, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains

7、 how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down mother trees with no awareness of these highly complex tree societies or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survi

8、val for the entire forest.We didnt take any notice of it Simard says sadly. Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection e

9、fforts for the future.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B. Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D. Trees Contribute To Our Society2Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also de

10、licious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey

11、 have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone t

12、o help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the fol

13、lower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its effor

14、ts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Be

15、ekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lovers Helper3Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the

16、river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. It

17、s nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes,

18、 looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together i

19、n smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.2. Young hoatzins are di

20、fferent from their parents in that .A. they look like young cuckoos B. they have claws on the wings C. they eat a lot like a cow D. they live on river banks3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four

21、wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better. C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.4Science cant explain the power of pets, b

22、ut many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wi

23、fe. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people half of them pet owners while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close

24、friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people

25、 feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets dont judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying

26、36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body

27、weight. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall mostly with their dogs and found it worth doing.1. What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their owners. B. How pets help people calm down.C. Peoples opinions of keep

28、ing pets. D. Pets value in medical research.2. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if .A. he has a pet companion B. he has less stress of workC. he often does mental arithmetic D. he is taken care of by his family3. According to Allen, why did

29、the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure. B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous. D. They are in higher spirits.4. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that _.A. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost th

30、e same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpful5When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, bei

31、ng a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff ( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the

32、 help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part

33、of the country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm

34、, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin an

35、d hungry,” Steve Tregear said, “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.It was, as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle (奇迹)”. 1. The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was .A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricaneC. blocked by a rock D. runn

36、ing after a sheep2. Who spotted Judy after the accident?A. A birdwatcher. B. A student from Leeds.C. Six volunteers. D. The coastguard of Cornwall.3. What can we infer from the text?A. People like to travel with their pets. B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.C. Luck plays a vital role in Ju

37、dys survival.D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Miracle of the Coastguard B. Surviving a HurricaneC. Dangers in the Wild D. Coming Back from the Dead6Working women make up nearly half of the U.S. workforce, and 51 percent of p

38、rofessional workers, like doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it often comes with one big downside: weight gain!New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are more likely to be

39、 overweight, and the more you work, the more pounds youre likely to pile on. Like many women, I work. a lot! As a self-employed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk, in front of a computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and it

40、s directly linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isnt that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around. Obesity（肥胖症）researchers are revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline.In the In

41、ternational Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 45-50 had their body weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35 hours were likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. Whats more,

42、 the more hours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained. The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol. Ill also

43、add in travel, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge.1.The text above is probably taken from _.A. a sports report B. a fashion journalC. a health and fitness magazine D. an advertisement post2.A woman who works as

44、 an accountant is more likely to _.A. gain more weight B. have more time to move aroundC. work a full time job D. keep a balanced diet3.Which is NOT the cause of working women weight gaining according to the passage？ A. Lacking time for food preparation. B. Using more prepared food.C. Consuming too

45、much alcohol. D. Taking part in more activities.4.What can be a suitable title for the test?A. Less activity leads to fat. B. Ways of gaining weight.C. Effects of weight gaining. D. Working women more likely pile on pounds6.2篇章目的题【命题方式】The purpose/intention of this passage is that _. The authors pur

46、pose of writing the text is most likely to . 【解题技巧】1.说明文：to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）2.议论文：to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）3.记叙文：to make people laugh, to tell an interesting experience，to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）4.广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如book,可能是书的前言或简介,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advert

47、isement): to sell a product or a service, to attract more visitors/readers/audience.5.新闻报道写作目的题常用report!若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUA NET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与news有关!【典例分析】1ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) - the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton ( 骨骼 )

48、unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital. Addis Ababa is a replica while the real re

49、mains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Service in to U.S. tour. Texas spent four years disscusing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour. Which will start in Houston next September.Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept s

50、ecrets in the world, said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York. Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out. Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.

51、Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-ball ape-man (猿人).The author writes this text mainly to . A. introduce a few U.S. museums B. describe some research work C. discuss the value of an ape-man D.

52、report a coming event2When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest the at all. If we want e

53、-mail to continue to be useful, we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to spend hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more adve

54、rtisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain co

55、mputer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail on for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation

56、results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer. For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers shoul

57、d be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.What is the purpose of the text?A. To inform B. To educate C. To persuade D. To instruct3Eating too m

58、uch fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart

59、problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack wit

60、hin days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14

61、hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollut

62、ion regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain4Fina

63、lly, a cell phoneThats . a phoneWith rates as low as $3.75 per week!“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped

64、to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a global-positioning something or other thats supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store werent much h

65、elp. They couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive . and the contract (合同）lasted for two years! Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safe

66、ty of being about to stay in touch - with a phone I can actually use.”Affordable plans that I can understand一and no contract to sign (签订）！ Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes Im never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I wont find

67、myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to signso Im not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.99911 AccessF

68、REEFREELong Distance CallsNo additional chargeNo additional chargeFriendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you dont love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you arent as h

69、appy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. .The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. tell a customers story of JitterbugB. provide two ways to order JitterbugC. give

70、a brief introduction of JitterbugD. attract potential customers to Jitterbug5The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown produ

71、ction to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds

72、 and other special(物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research

73、often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally, th

74、e continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover,

75、the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although

76、 at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.C. It slows d

77、own the loss of shade trees.D. It improves local soil conditions.2. The purpose of the text is to .A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade3. Where does this text probably come from?A. An agricultural magazine.B. A medical journal.C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide.4. Which of t

78、he following shows the structure of the whole text? 【解析】1.B细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子：Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworldsclimate,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.可知阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来空气污染和全球气温变暖，故选B。2.D写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的句子：Butconsumersdohaveachoic

79、e.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.可知作者的意图是劝说人们购买阴凉处种植的咖啡，这样对环境是有好处的，故选D。3.A推理判断题。文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来的破坏，应该是出自一本农业杂志，故选A。4.A文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡，所以是总分总的结构，故选A。6Id planned to spend my weekend in the sun, potting

80、flowers outdoors. But that was before the pair of crows (乌鸦). Out of nowhere, they had set up their base camp in our backyard.We first discovered our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made traveled through our neighborhood. I figured theyd go away soon. But,

81、no. They were getting louder and probably annoying my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little desperate.Then, on Sunday afternoon, I looked out the kitchen window to see our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to explore and found a small coal-black b

82、ird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly still as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi touched his nose to its head did it walk away. I grabbed the dog and locked him inside and came back with my camera.It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the g

83、round, growing and gaining strength as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I forgave the crows.To be honest, Ive never been much of a bird person. I also have a healthy respect for birds. Theyre basically living dinosaurs.I wish theyd chosen another backyard. The

84、re are only so many sunny days inSeattle, and I still cant do any gardening out there.But Im also grateful that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. Its pretty amazing.The experience has also strengthened my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees,

85、butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.The author writes the text mainly to _.A. show an annoying situation B. share a personal experienceC. call on readers to protect birds D. seek advice on dealing with crows7Stained glass (彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the g

86、lass to “score” it and then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product. The most difficult cut in stained glass is called an inside cut. Basically, its a curved (弯曲的) line where you throw away the part inside of the curve. The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of

87、 the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart.As the artist talked about inside cuts, he said, “The glass will break into pieces if you try to cut too much off at once. The best way to do an inside cut is to slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece. In fact, its not ju

88、st the best way to do it, but its the only way to do it.”How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselves that we can do this all the time. Well commit to transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we

89、finally get motivated to work out and push ourselves to the edge of burning out.Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a shallow curve and breaking a small piece off, you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full inside c

90、ut. By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves, you prevent the glass from breaking as it change shape.Of course, change isnt easy no matter how you do it. Slow gains are boring, but if we keep making small improvements, then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands inste

91、ad of a bunch of broken pieces.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of stained glass.B. To introduce the skill of an inside cut.C. To appreciate designs of stained glass artists.D. To share his opinions on how to make a change.6.3段落主旨题【命题方式】What is the third paragraph

92、mainly about?What is the main idea of paragraph 1? What does Paragraph 3 focus on?What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?【解题技巧】找常具有概括性和深刻性的段落主题句。1）第一句是中心句：即第一句是中心，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally;

93、 to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。2）第二句是中心句：第一句是过渡句。第二句与第一句存在转折关系（but, however, yet, in fact）或者递进关系（moreover, after all, indeed）3）句尾是中心句：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题

94、句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，so that, therefore，thus，consequently; in conclusion，in short; in a word, to sum up；all in all; generally等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。4）没有明显的中心句：充分发挥语文总结中心思想能力，能用最简洁的一两个词概括总结出段落主旨大意。1Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have

95、 never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swim for years can still swim as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for

96、years can teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle, twinkle, little star. Remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem read

97、ing is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.2The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger. With a chip in the hand, a

98、person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will he also used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring w

99、ith a chip instead. They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands as if they had an implanted chip.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The substitutes of the chips. B. The advantages of the chips.C. The places to implant the chips. D. The potential risks of implanting the chips.

100、3But the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)s first worldwide health check of the plants says that they are coming under huge pressure from human activities such as land use changes, commercial and residential developments and shrimp farming. But the paper said the driver of ca

101、cti species extinction was the “uncontrolled collection of live plants and private decorating collections, and annual agriculture.”What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A. What causes cacti species extinction B. What gives people pressure C. What IUCN has found D. What farmers have planted4H

102、owever, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual reality be good for us? Should we worry about their effects on our health? Popular games like Grand Theft Auto have been blamed for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Internet

103、 safety adviser, Alan MacKenzie, thinks “any people understandably will just think that a game is just a game and not realizing the exact content thats in there”. He gives an example of the violence, which he says is “wholly inappropriate for anybody, not to mention children.”Paragraph 3mainly talks

104、 about . A. games contain extreme violence B. the contents of the game are complex C. gaming is a harmful form of entertainment D. popular games lead to students falling results at school 5Halfway up Ben Navis, one of his shoes broke, so he had to tape the shoes to his feet to make sure they stayed

105、on. The weather didnt make it easy for himeither, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions, Ben and his friend had to turn back after reaching 900 meters up the mountain.What does Paragraph 3 foc

106、us on?A. The difficulties in the climb. B. The climbing route.C. The terrible weather. D. The unexpected incident.6It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia (痴呆). The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought th

107、is year has become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Eliot is at work. Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater. What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?A. The more functions of the cat, the better. B. The cat gives much help to the elderly. C. There is no cure for dementia at present. D. Mary Derr would have died without the cat.