2021年高考英语二轮复习 动词及动词短语考点讲解（含解析）.docx

1、动词及动词短语知识点一 高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2beat，hit，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”h

2、it表示对准目标打一下，强调击中strike表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat(beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the other par

3、ticipants and won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。3adopt，attach，adapt，adjustadoptvt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养attachvt. 把附(在上)；重视attach much importance to. 非常重视adaptvt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于adjustvt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all

4、.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their childr

5、en that priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。知识点二 高考常考的动词短语辨析1breakbreak away from. 脱离，奋力挣脱break down 出故障，累垮，分解break in 打断，插话，强行进入break into. 闯入，破门而入break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break through 突围，冲破，突破break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.如果你继续

6、像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。2bringbring about 引起，导致，使发生bring in 引进(技术)，赚钱，带来(收入)bring up 抚养，培养，哺育bring down/up (the price) 使降低，减少，降价/提价比较：(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施降低日用品

7、价格以保持市场稳定。3callcall at (someplace) 访问(某地)，拜访(某地)比较：call on(sb.) 拜访(某人)，访问(某人)call back 回电话call in 请来，召集call off 取消call on/upon 号召call up 给打电话，使人想起call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。4comecome about

8、 发生，产生come across 偶然相遇come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发(芽)，(花)开come up 被提出，上来，走近，上升，长出来come up with. 提出，想出(主意)，找出(答案)，赶上come into being 形成come into use 投入使用If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服

9、务员降价。5getget away from 逃脱，逃离get away with 做了坏事而未受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事get in 进入，收割，达到get over 克服，恢复get across 理解，(使)渡过get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)After that，he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。6givegi

10、ve away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发give in 投降，让步，屈服give back 归还，送回give off 释放，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give up 放弃，辞去He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。7gogo against 违反，违背go over 复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝

11、，过去go out 熄灭，出去，外出go without 没有也行，没有也能勉强应付go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。8holdhold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out 维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up 使耽搁hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)hold together 团结一致hold on to 保留，抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are ri

12、sing sharply at the moment.我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。9looklook back on. 回顾，回忆look on 旁观，观望look into. 往里面看，浏览，调查look out 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询The authorities will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论

13、。10makemake the best of 充分利用make up for 补偿，弥补make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑make up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of 充分利用make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。11putput

14、away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存put down 扑灭，镇压，记下put forward 提出，建议put off 延期，拖延put on (戏)上演，穿上，戴上put out 扑灭，熄灭，出版，生产put up 挂起，张贴，搭起，建立put up with 忍受，容忍Why do we have to put up with Susans selfish behavior? We have to teach her to care for others.为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。He decided that he would drive all the way

15、 home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。12setset about doing sth.set out to do sth. 着手/开始做某事set aside 留出，搁/放在一边set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起，引起set out (for.) 动身去()set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起The couple set aside some money every month for their future use even though their income can

16、 only make ends meet.这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用，尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。13taketake in 吸收，接纳，欺骗take on 呈现，雇用take over 继承，接管，接替take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去(时间、空间、地位等)take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。14turnturn down 拒

17、绝；调低turn in 上交turn out 结果是，证明是turn over 移交，交给turn up 出现；调高turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn away 走开turn to 求助于；翻到You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.你看上去很伤心，怎么了？我的建议再次被拒绝了。知识点三 动词的熟词生义很多动词都有些平时考试中很少考到的用法，出题人往往在此处设陷阱。1address vt. 向发表演说；直接向说话(熟义：n.地址 v. 写地址)It is said that our

18、 headmaster will address the meeting.据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。2act vi. 起作用(熟义：行动)It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.药物需要几分钟起作用。3drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义；驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.饥饿迫使她偷窃。4escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v. 逃跑；逃脱)His name escapes me for the moment.此刻我忘记了他的名字。5fail v. 不足，缺乏；忽略；衰退(熟义：失败，不

19、及格)Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。6introduce v. 以开始(熟义：介绍，引进)He introduced his speech with a joke.他的演讲以一个笑话开始。7knock vt. 批评，说不好(熟义：敲，打)The critics knocked his latest play.评论家抨击了他最近的戏剧。8labour vi. 费力地行走，干苦活(熟义：劳动)They laboured through

20、 the thick forest and up the steep hill.他们艰难地穿行于茂密的森林，攀登于峻峭的山岭。9admit vt. 允许进入，容纳(熟义：承认)The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.仆人打开门，并请我进去。The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个剧场只能容纳一千人。10back vt. 支持(熟义：n.背，后面)Many of his friends backed his plan.他的许多朋友支持他的计划。11count vi. 重要；vt.

21、 认为 熟义：数(数目)Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的妻子。12cover v. 走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；涉及；报道(熟义：覆盖)Here is 5; that should cover all your expenses.这儿有5英镑，应该够你的费用。13develop vt. 染上，冲洗，开发(熟义：发展)The year she was born her father developed a rare dis

22、ease called lupus.她出生的这一年，她的父亲得了一种称为狼疮的罕见疾病。14employ vt. 使用，采取(熟义：雇佣)The country employed a new policy.这个国家采取了一种新的政策。15freeze v. 不许动，停止走动(熟义：冻结，冻冰)Freeze! Drop your arms!不许动，放下武器！16figure v. 认为，想像(熟义：n.数字；雕塑，人物)She figured that she would be next.她认为她可能就是下一个。17fine v. & n. 罚款(熟义：adj. 好的，晴朗的)He was fi

23、ned $200.他被罚了200美元。18head v. 动身去(熟义：头)The ship was heading for Shanghai.这艘船开往上海。19jump n. & vi. (大幅度)上涨(熟义：跳)Last week the price of goods jumped.上周物价急剧上涨。20lay vt. 向提出；制定(熟义：放，摆设，生蛋)The prisoner laid an escape plan.那个囚犯制定了一个越狱计划。高频考点一 动词词义辨析例1(2019江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind

24、, _ mans intelligence and creativity.Aresembling BreflectingCreviewing Drestoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，它反映了人类的智慧和创造力。resemble“看起来像”；reflect“反映”；review“检查”；restore“恢复”。【举一反三】【2018江苏】22. Kidsshouldnthaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymight_ thethingsthey see.A. indicate B. investigateC. imit

25、ate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。【变式探究】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that _my interest.A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled【答案】C【

26、解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。【变式探究】While intelligent people can often _ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.Asacrifice BsubstituteCsimplify Dsurvive【答案】C【解析】句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据句意可知，这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应，the complex与后面

27、的complicate呼应。sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。【举一反三】A good listener takes part in the conversation, _ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding【答案】C【解析】句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复

28、制”；misunderstand“误解”。高频考点二 动词短语辨析例2(2019江苏卷)More wind power stations will _ to meet the demand for clean energy.Atake up Bclear upChold up Dspring up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。take up“占据，从事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“举起，阻碍”；spring up“迅速出现，突然兴起”。【举一反三】【2018天津】At first Robert wouldnt le

29、t his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confiden

30、t about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。【变式探究】（2017天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B.远离；C起床；D.擦嘴。根据句意，故选A。【变式探究】Many businesses started up by college students hav

31、e_thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation A.fallen offB.taken offC.turned offD.left off【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。【变式探究】Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly.Afind out B

32、wash outCwear out Dset out【答案】C【解析】句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。find out“查明”；wash out“把洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。【举一反三】Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.Acarry on Bfeed onCput on Dfocus on【答案】B【解析】句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。carry

33、on“继续”；feed on“以为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于上)”。根据句意可知应选B。高频考点三 动词(短语)的熟词生义例3.The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them.Amake up Buse upCturn down Dbreak down【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两个国家将要会面以扫除两国之间的贸易障碍。make up“组成，构成，编造，虚构，和解”；use up“用完，用光”；turn down“拒绝，调低

34、”；break down常见熟义：分解，出故障；生义：扫除(障碍)，清除(困难)，失败。根据句中的关键词meet(会面)以及barriers(障碍)可知是扫除障碍。【举一反三】Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _ the test of time.Afailed BstoodCtaken Dconducted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎，它的确经受住了时间的检验。根据前一句“Shakespeares writing is still popular today.”可推知，后

35、一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。Stand常见熟义：站立，位于；生义：经受住，容忍，忍受。Stand the test of time经受住了时间的检验，故选B项。【变式探究】The athletes years of hard training _when she finally won the Olympic gold medal in the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.Awent on Bgot throughCpaid off Dended up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这个运动员最终在2016年里约热

36、内卢奥运会上获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。Pay off熟义为“还清”，生义为“取得成功，奏效”，符合句意；go on“继续下去”；get through“完成，处理”；end up“最终处于”。【举一反三】We all agreed that the cottage would _a perfect holiday home for the family.Amake BturnCtake Dhave【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make在此为熟词生义，表示“适合做，宜用作”，符合题意。1(2019江苏卷)A city i

37、s the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.Aresembling BreflectingCreviewing Drestoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，它反映了人类的智慧和创造力。resemble“看起来像”；reflect“反映”；review“检查”；restore“恢复”。2(2019江苏卷)More wind power stations will _ to meet the demand for clean energy.Atake

38、 up Bclear upChold up Dspring up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。take up“占据，从事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“举起，阻碍”；spring up“迅速出现，突然兴起”。3(2019天津卷)Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was saying.Aset aside Btake backCmake out Dkeep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景

39、中有一个男人的声音，但是听不清他在说什么。A项意为“暂不考虑”；B项意为“收回”；C项意为“听清”；D项意为“使避开”。结合语境可知，应选C。1(2018江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.Acalls for Bcalls onCcalls off Dcalls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。call for“需要”符合句意。cal

40、l on“号召，拜访”；call off“取消”；call up“使回忆起”。2(2018江苏卷)Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.Aindicate BinvestigateCimitate Dinnovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词。句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“调查”；innovate“创新”。3.(2018天津卷)It took him

41、a long time to _ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.AdisplayBacquire CteachDtest【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他花了好长时间学习成为一个优秀舞蹈演员所需要的技能。根据句意，这里应该用acquire表示“获得，学到”。4(2018天津卷)At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _ as she was so confident about her skills.Agave in Bdress

42、ed upCbroke in Dturned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：起初罗伯特不愿意让女儿去潜水，但是最终他妥协了，因为她对自己的技术很自信。从语境的连贯和四个动词短语的含义判断，本空选A“屈服，让步”。1.（2017天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B.远离

43、；C起床；D.擦嘴。根据句意，故选A。1.【2016江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to_the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加

44、体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。2.【2016天津】 Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。3.【2016浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rath

45、er than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon【答案】A【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。1.(2015浙江，7)Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【解析】句意：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因

46、此双臂交叉站着则表示你具有防御性。考查动词短语。give away 泄露，符合语境。【答案】away2.(2015江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.【解析】句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater for 迎合，满足所需。【答案】for3.(2015江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets t

47、hem down.【解析】句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count on依靠，指望。【答案】on4.(2015湖北，25)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie in在于。【答案】in5.(2015湖北，26)Dont worry.Im sure your missing

48、glasses will turn sooner or later.【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up出现；发生；开大；发现。【答案】up6.(2015陕西，25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【解析】句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take up开始从事。【答案】up7.(2015天津，10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.【解析】句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down拒绝，符合语境。【答案】down8.(2015福建，25)It is said that body language account 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.【解析】句意：据说，肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而语言只占7%。考查动词短语。 account for占比例。【答案】for