2020-2021人教版英语必修4作业：UNIT 1　WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT SECTION Ⅰ　WARMING UP .doc

1、.阅读理解AOn January 18, 1803, President Thomas Jefferson sent the US. Congress a message. He wanted to send a group of men to explore a_large_area_of_land that is now part of the United States. That group, led by men named Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, set out on May 14, 1804.The first part of Le

2、wis and Clarks journey involved (包括) traveling up the Missouri River by boat. They had to travel upstream (逆流而上), so they pulled, pushed or forced the boats forward with poles. Heat and insects made the trip difficult. One member of the group died from an infection (感染) after only a few months.But t

3、he trip was very successful. Lewis and Clark discovered at least 180 species of plants and 120 animals on their journey. The explorers also named geological features they came across such as mountains and rivers. Many of these places still have the names of group members, their loved ones and even t

4、he groups dog.Native peoples lived in the lands that Lewis and Clark explored. Lewis and Clark met many Native American tribes (部落) on their journey. The explorers brought gifts for the Native Americans beads, cloth, knives, mirrors and more. They hoped to build up trade with them. Most tribes agree

5、d to trade with them, though some did not.Finally the group made it all the way to the Pacific Ocean in November 1805. They built a fort (营地) and spent the winter there. It was a difficult winter, but the group lived to head home.Lewis and Clark returned home to a heros welcome. They had greatly exp

6、anded their countrys knowledge of the lands to the west of it. They had developed friendly relations with many tribes and expanded scientific knowledge.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国探险者刘易斯和克拉克北美西部荒地探险之旅。1What does the underlined part in the first paragraph probably refer to?AThe west of the United States.BThe

7、 area along the Missouri River.CThe coldest area of the United States.DThe eastern coast of the United States.答案与解析：A推理判断题。由最后一段中的“greatly expanded their countrys knowledge of the lands to the west of it”可知，刘易斯和克拉克探险队所勘察的一大片土地位于美国西部。2What can we learn about Lewis and Clarks journey?AIt was a sudden

8、decision.BIt ended in November 1805.CIt was filled with danger and discovery.DIt got little support from the government.答案与解析：C推理判断题。由第二段中的“travel upstream. Heat and insects made the trip difficult. One member. died from an infection”可知，刘易斯和克拉克探险队的这次旅程充满了危险；再由第三段中的“discovered at least 180 species of

9、 plants and 120 animals”和“named geological features they came across”可知，这次旅程又收获颇丰。3What did Lewis and Clark do when they met Native American tribes?AThey invited one Native American to be their guide.BThey shared their scientific knowledge with them.CThey passed on the Presidents message to them.DTh

10、ey successfully traded with most of them.答案与解析：D细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Most tribes agreed to trade with them”可知，刘易斯和克拉克探险队成功地与土著人建立了贸易关系，进行了交易。4How did the Americans react to Lewis and Clarks return?AThey were so surprised.BThey built a fort for them.CThey gave them a warm welcome.DThey sent them many gifts

11、 from Native Americans.答案与解析：C细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Lewis and Clark returned home to a heros welcome”可知，刘易斯和克拉克返乡后受到了美国人民热烈的欢迎。BDo you like doing exercise? After long exercise, it would seem that people should have more food than before. But actually, it is not the case! Most people eat less after it. So wh

12、y? Maybe we could find answers from YoungHwan Jo.YoungHwan Jo was a scientist. He worked at the Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. It occurred to him that heat might be the reason.“Exercise increases body temperature，” he explained. Jo and his team studied the brain and focused on the br

13、ains hypothalamus (下丘脑) which produces hormones chemicals that travel in blood to reach even distant parts of the body. Within them, small groups of nerve cells, including the arcuate nucleus (弓状核), perform different functions. It is a group of cells which are important in controlling hunger.Jos tea

14、m made experiments with mice. They found that brain cells in the arcuate nucleus responded to a chemical called capsaicin (辣椒素). It passes that heat by the TRPV1 receptor (辣椒素受体), which can sense temperature. And cells in the arcuate nucleus have plenty of TRPV1 receptors.Jos team put some capsaicin

15、 in the arcuate nucleus of male and female mice. They found that when it met with the TRPV1 receptors there, the mice ate less. Then Jo and his workmates prevented these receptors in the brains of the mice and the animals ate normally. The researchers then trained the animals to run for 40 minutes a

16、t a time. After each exercise, their body temperatures climbed. And the mice ate less.“People know that after exercise they are not willing to eat，”Jo observed. “This could be one of the reasons.”Jo said that when it came to the answer, TRPV1“could be just a part.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一项研究解释了为什么我们长

17、时间地运动后并不会非常饿。5The researchers focused on the brains hypothalamus mainly because _.Athey were familiar with itBcells produced by it were the key to the studyChypothalamus could reach every part of the bodyDits nerve cells performed different functions in bodies答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段的“Jo and his team stud

18、ied the brain and focused on the brains hypothalamus. which are important in controlling hunger.” 可知，他们研究下丘脑，是因为下丘脑产生的一种细胞是此项研究的关键。6What happened after the TRPV1 receptors in the brains of the mice were prevented?AThe mice felt no heat.BThe mice ate as much as usual.CThe mice could sense capsaicin b

19、etter.DThe mices behaviors were uncontrolled.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段的“Then Jo and his workmates prevented these receptors in the brains of the mice and the animals ate normally.” 可知，在这种情况下那些老鼠的胃口没有受到影响，和之前吃的一样多。7What will the researchers most probably conclude from the study?AEating capsaicin can make pe

20、ople keep fit.BTRPV1 is the main reason for having less food.CTaking long exercise can help people lose weight.DBody heat caused by exercise makes people eat less.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段的“After each exercise, their body temperatures climbed. And the mice ate less.”可知，研究人员最有可能得出的结论是运动所产生的体热导致人们吃的较少。CMen a

21、nd women have very different bodies. In general, women are shorter, have less wider shoulders, carry less muscle and have longer legs and shorter backs than men. Although they have so many clear differences, most bike builders are pleased to make bicycles for them that are pretty much the same.Howev

22、er, Bonnie Tu, who is called as the “Godmother of Cycling”，designed Liv the worlds first cycling brand for women. The bikes are designed by women, built by women, sold by women and, of course, ridden by women. Most of Livs bikes are highend performance rides. But there are also some far simpler mach

23、ines on offer, too. For example, the Flourish offers an easy way to get around the town. There is lots of fun, and it is perfect for women.Most women like to listen to music while riding bicycles. After Shokz lets people hear music without having to cover their ears, so it is the best choice for Liv

24、s bikers. Theyre safe in every aspect and offer people a more comfortable and healthy listening experience with three models of earfree headphones: Sport, Mobile and Game. Unlike traditional headphones that use the eardrums (鼓膜) to carry sound, AfterShokz carries sound through the listeners cheekbon

25、es (面颊骨) to the inner ears, by passing the eardrum completely.As a biker, its important to hear the sound of near cars, the traffic and other road users, but most headphones dont let this sound in. AfterShokz allows people to hear what is going on around them without affecting sound quality. The nex

26、t generation of bone conduction (骨传导) technology has been the lightest openear headphones up to now. AfterShokz has cut the size and used good materials everywhere possible to make sure they not only fit more safely but sound better.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种专门为女性设计的自行车以及骑车时所需要的骨传导耳机。8What does the firs

27、t paragraph mainly tell us?AIn general, women are shorter than men.BAll bikes on the market are almost the same.CWomen are pleased with the bikes at present.DFew bike builders make bikes for women specially.答案与解析：D主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容以及第二段的“However. Liv the worlds first cycling brand for women.”可知，第一段主要讲述

28、了很少有生产商专为女性生产自行车。9What can we learn about Flourish?AIts very fast.BIts a simpler bike.CIts a highend bike.DIts for men and women.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段的“But there are also some far simpler machines on offer, too. For example, the Flourish offers an easy way.”可知，Flourish是一款较为简单的自行车。10What makes AfterShok

29、z headphones special?AThey pass sound by the eardrums.BThey suit peoples ears much better.CThey make games more interesting.DThey help users hear the surrounding sound.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段的“AfterShokz allows people to hear what is going on around them.”可知，AfterShokz耳机可以让骑行者听到周围环境的声音。11How does AfterSh

30、okz make the new headphones have more comfortable sound?ABy using safer materials.BBy keeping other sound out.CBy making them a little smaller.DBy letting inner ears receive sound directly.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第四段的“AfterShokz has cut the size.”可知，AfterShokz缩小了新款耳机的尺寸。.七选五I joined a volunteer program in Rw

31、anda about two years ago. There I met a girl named Diane. During my stay there, I told her a lot about my country. _1_ Finally she told me that shed try her best to study in the US one day.Earlier this year, I went back to that country again as a volunteer. _2_ She stopped in her tracks as she saw m

32、e and pointed in my direction, “I remember you！”Before I could speak, she caught my hand and we began running up the stairs into her room filled with her fellow brother and sisters playing with the students. She sat me on her bed as she began to say how happy she was to see me again. _3_We talked an

33、d talked. Then Diane said，“I havent forgotten my dream. _4_” Last time, I told her that one day she would make it and that I would see her in America. This time I said，“Before you go to America, you have to try your hardest.”She nodded. While I did believe Diane could make her dream come true, I als

34、o wanted her to have her own dream for the life in Rwanda where she could also struggle. _5_ I really want to know how she is going on now and whether she has achieved her dream. Even if we are far away, I believe I will see her again. Im really looking forward to seeing her. And I strongly believe

35、shell have a bright future.AShe felt a bit sad.BShe was very interested.CWe were really like two old friends.DThat was when I saw Diane again.EI really want to become famous one day.FOne day Ill go to America and study there.GNow Im back in America and I often think of Diane.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者去卢旺达做志愿

36、者，在那里遇到了一个女孩，女孩将来想去美国学习，作者鼓励了她。答案与解析：1B根据本空前的“I told her a lot about my country.”以及后面那个女孩说想要去美国学习的语境可知，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，即：她很感兴趣。2D根据本空前的 “I went back to that country again as a volunteer”以及那个女孩说的“I remember you！”可知，作者说她是那个时候又见到了Diane。3C此空设于段末，是对这一段讲述的内容进行总结。根据作者的描述可知，她们俩就跟老朋友又见面了似的。4F根据“I havent forgotten my dream.”可知，那个女孩又提到了她将来想去美国学习的事情。5G此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句，后面提到的都是作者回到美国后想到的关于Diane的事情。