天津市武清区杨村第四中学2013届高考英语一轮复习语法专题六：定语从句.ppt

1、专题六 定语从句As we all know,he is Harry Potter.He is a handsome boy.学.科.网Adj.定语The one wearing glasses is Harry Potter.分词作定语The one who wears glasses is Harry Potter.定语从句 定语的概念：用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，定语从句又称为形容词性从句。定语的位置：多个形容词做定语的排列顺序限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。1.another three English books 另外三本英语

2、书2.some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花3.an expensive purple cotton dress一条昂贵的紫色棉裙学.科.网一、定语从句的构成学.科.网概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Harry Potter is a boy who has magic power.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,that，whosewhere,when,why充当主语、宾语、表语、定语充当状语二、关系代词1）先行词为人时，用who作主或宾，whom作宾语；2）先行词为物或整个句子时，用which 作主或宾；

3、3）先行词为人、物时用that，作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；1.He is the man who/that wants to see you.2.He is the man whowhom/that I saw yesterday.3.A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.4.The luggage(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.5.They rushed over to h

4、elp the man whose car had broken down.学.科.网作宾语可省略关系副词 when（指时间，从句中作时间状语）where（指地点，从句中作地点状语）why（指原因，从句中作原因状语）1.1980 was the year when he was born.2.I havent seen him since the year when he went abroad3.Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.4.The factory where I work will close down.5.These

5、are the reasons why we do it.6.I really dont know the reason why he was late again.学.科.网总结关系代词：先行词为人 who，whom，that（主、宾）先行词为物 which，that（主、宾）先行词为人或物 whose（定）关系副词有：when，where，why（状）如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词，并放到定语从句判断其语法成分 3.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词（2011山东）The old town has

6、 narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that(2011浙江)A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A.when B.that C.where D.there高频考点一关系词的选择三、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句起修饰限制作用，非限制性定语从句只起补充附加说明作用，用逗号隔开，如果去掉，主

7、句意思仍然清楚由which，who，whom，whose，where，when（除that；why）等引导，一律不许省略I have a sister who works in a bank.我有一个在银行工作的姐姐。I have a sister,who works in a bank.我有一个姐姐，在银行工作。Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.This novel,which I have re

8、ad three times,is very touching.He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.高频考点二 非限制性定语从句（2011浙江）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of _ uses it somewhat differently.A.whichB.what C.them D.those（2011江苏）Between the two parts of the concert is an inter

9、val,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.where C.that D.whichThe meeting was put off,_ was exactly what we expected.A.that B.where C.which D.what四、That与which的区别（先行词必须是物）1.只用that，不用which的情况：a.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；b.当先行词前有the only,the very（正好）,the last,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；c.当

10、先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much,none,the one等指物的不定代词时；d.当先行词既有人又有物时e.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时f.有两个定语从句时，一个宜用which，另一个宜用that例句：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?You should hand in all that you have.This is the very bus that Im waiting for.This train is the l

11、ast that will go to Suzhou.Do you know the things and persons thatthey are talking about?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?2.只用which，不用that的情况：a.引导非限制性定语从句时；b.引导词前有介词时；c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g.He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill

12、the time.补充：(只能用who:当those指人时并作先行词)；五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句固定两种搭配，且不能省略：介词+which指物介词+whom指人根据以下方式判断：1.谓语动词的固定搭配e.g.Whos the trainer with whom you just shook hands?2.先行词在从句中的成分e.g.Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.3.在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词+of+whichwhom 表示整体与部分的关系e.g.The workers,some of whom

13、 stayed for four years,came from different countries.Have you seen the book,the cover of which is yellow?当先行词是物时，whosen.then.of which或of whichthen.如：He lives in the room of which the window faces south.4.介词的位置一般位于代词前，有时也在句末e.g.This is the hero we are proud.This is the pen I wrote the letter.This is

14、the herowe are proud of.This is the penI wrote the letter with5.有时可替代为“介词+whichwhom+to do”The poor man has no house in which he can live.The beggar has no money that he can buy food with.thatwhowhom可省略thatwhich可省略of whomwith which介词的运用1.Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_h

15、e got a good opportunity for further development.Aafter thatBafter whichCafter it Dafter this2.Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which考点链接Bc3.The house I grew up _has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it BinC

16、in that Din which4.He studied at a local grammar school for six years,_ he went on to Cambridge.A.from which B.after thatC.after which D.from thisBc六、关系代词as引导限制性时：as 从句的先行词必须是是the same,such,或被这两个词所修饰：固定句式such+（名词）+as 像之类的the same+（名词）+as 和同样的1.We have found the same materials as are used in their fa

17、ctory.2.These house are sold at such a low price aspeople excepted.3.The result was not such as he expected.代词区别：He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.He is such a clever boy as everyone likes him.可在从句中作主语，宾语，表语可以引导限制性或非限制性引导非限制性时，必须区分as与which的不同：1.as意为“正如”，位置灵活,引导的从句可位于句前，句中，句末which意为“这一点”，从句只能

18、位于主句后As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.习惯用语：as we all know=as is known to all as we have excepted;as is mentioned above2.as 作主语，后常接被动语态，如行为动词:be knownsaid reported announced excepted 等She has been absent again,as is excepted.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me very hap

19、py.1.Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest _ everyone likes to visit.Athat BasCwhich DWhat2.Whenever I met her，_was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.Awho B ThatCas Dwhich3.A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，_has happened in Iraq.Awhat BasCthat DoneBBc4.I

20、dont like_ as you read.A.the novelsB.the such novelsC.such novelsD.same novels5.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A.as wereB.which wasC.as was D.which6.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A.thatB.which C.asD.itcBc七、关系副词的替代当关系词在从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。When=表时间的介词（

21、inatonduring等）+whichWhere=表地点的介词（inatonunder等）+whichWhy=表原因的介词（for）+which1.This is the room where we lived last year.2.He took out a piece of paper where were written some words.3.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.4.These are the reasons why we do it.5.China is the birth place of

22、 kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.(为了表达清楚)1.（05广东，35）Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.A.in which B.by which C.which D.that2.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communi

23、st Party was founded?A.in whichB.thatC.whichD.on which3.(2005苏州,29)Is there a bookshop around _ I can buy an English and Chinese dictionary?A.which B.whereC.that D.what八、高考试题中的几种特殊用法(1)Where表达地点的模糊化，当先行词是situation,point,case,stage，occasion，spot等表示某人或物的情景、状况形势的词时，常用where或in which引导定语从句。如：Can you imag

24、ine a situation where/in whichyou can use the word?They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.(2)当先行词是way(方式，方法)，且在从句中作方式状语时先行词 the wayDo you know the way in which he worked out the problem?I dont like the way that you talk to your mother.区别：The way that he explained to

25、us was quite simple.in which that Im not clear about the reason for which he did it.whyhe did itthathe did it.先行词 the reason for which why that（3）reason 作先行词时且作原因状语的使用（4）从句的人称、数与先行词应该保持一致1.The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw a lots of visitors.2.The Great Wall is the only o

26、ne of the world-famous buildings that draws a lots of visitors.3.Great changes have taken place in china,as is known to all.4.I,who am your teacher,will try my best to help you.5.To own a computer in families,which we thought was impossible 20 years ago,now becomes true.(5)先行词time “次数”时用that，可省略；“一段

27、时间，时代”时用when或介词+which This is the second time that the president has visited the country.There was a time whenduring whichthere were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.1.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich DWhere2.This is one of the b

28、est films_.A.that have been shown this yearB.that have shownC.that has been shown this yearD.that you talked3.This is the last time _ I shall give you a lesson.A.when B that C which D in which 4.Well have a meeting and discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properl

29、y.A.which B.asC.why D.where 5.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in thatC.the way which D.the way of which6.-What do you think of teaching,Bob?-I find it fun and challenging.It is a job_ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that关系词及其用法小结关系代词指代在定从中省

30、略否 whowhomwhosewhichthat 人作主语/宾语人作宾语人/物(的)作定语(+n)事/物作主语/宾语人/物作主语/宾语关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略that关系副词指代在定从中省略否when wherewhy介词+which作时间状语介词+which介词for+which作地点状语作原因状语不可以省略考纲解读：1.关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as2.关系副词why,when,where 的用法3.2.介词+which，介词+whom的介词选择4.3.非限制性定语从句：as和which的用法5.4.定语从句与其他从句的区别6.命题趋势：7.主要考查非限制性定语从句；8.介词+关系代词