2019-2020学年北师大版英语必修四讲义：UNIT 12 SECTION Ⅱ　LANGUAGE POINTS （Ⅰ） （WARM-UP .doc

1、Section Language Points () (Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1She once made a brief(短暂的) appearance on television.2Students expectations(期望) were as varied as their expertise.3At the time，what hed done had seemed reasonable(合理的)4It is usual to tip(给小费) waiters，porters，guides and drivers.5The

2、majority(大多数) of my patients come to me from out of town.6The rocks absorb more energy than they reflect.7When he got bored he wandered around the fair.8He made a public apology for the teams performance.9We exchanged addresses and Christmas cards.10We owe a great deal to our parents.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写

3、出下列单词1fog n雾foggy adj.多雾的2tasty adj.美味的taste n& v体验；滋味；品尝tasteless adj.无味的3brief adj.短暂的，简短的briefly adv.短暂地；简洁地，简要地4apology n道歉，认错apologize vi.道歉，表示歉意5expect vt.期望expectation n期待的事物，预期n.yadj.adj.lyadv.cloudcloudy 多云的windwindy 多风的hairhairy 多毛的roughroughly 粗糙地quietquietly 轻轻地silentsilently 沉默地.补全短语根据提

4、示补全下列短语1be busy doing sth.忙于做某事2first of all首先3get used to习惯于4get confused感到迷惑5as a result因此；结果6in advance提前7owe sb.an apology欠某人一个道歉8afford to(do)支付得起9be different from不同于10pay for支付.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1They asked so many questions that I got confused2Everything must be planned in advance3Happiness li

5、es，first of all，in health.4The country cannot afford to absorb these losses.5Tom has got used to eating with chopsticks.get过去分词动词短语v.off动词短语get hurt 受伤get lost 迷路get dressed 穿衣put off 推迟set off 出发，动身give off 发出背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.I wish your visit wasnt going to be so brief but theres a lot we can do a

6、nd see in a week.我真希望您的来访不会这么短，但一周内我们也有许多事情可做，许多地方可参观。wish后的宾语从句使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气形式。I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上的一切。2.But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are really friendly and Ive made some good friends.虽然有些英国人非常奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好，我已结交了一些好朋友。even

7、though/if意为“即使，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句。Even though/if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel，I went there by air to save time.即使坐飞机比坐车和船都贵，但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里。 (教材P36)I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.没有经常给你写信，非常抱歉。(1)owe vt.欠(情、债等)；应把归功于；应该做，应给予owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某

8、物；把某事归功于某人owe it to sb.that/to do.把归功于；认为应该/有必要为某人做某事owing to因为，由于You owe it to your old parents not to give up now.为了你年迈的父母，你现在不应该放弃。I owe it to you that I have been so successful.我这么成功，多亏了你。It was owing(owe)to Jennys timely help that we accomplished the task on time.正是由于Jenny的及时帮助，我们按时完成了任务。I owe

9、my success to my wife.我的成功要归功于我的妻子。(2)apology n道歉，认错(1)make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉offer sb.an apologyoffer an apology to sb.向某人道歉，致歉accept ones apology接受某人的道歉(2)apologize v.道歉，致歉apologize to sb.for sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology to her deskmat

10、e for her bad behaviour.The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologize to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.老师建议她为自己不得体的行为向同桌道歉。You must apologize to your sister for being(be) so rude.你太无理了，必须向你姐姐道歉。 absorb vt.理解，掌握；吸收(教材P36)Ive just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new t

11、hings around meI think Im still experiencing culture shock.我一直忙于学习，了解身边的新事物我觉得自己还在经历着文化上的冲击。be absorbed by.被吞并/吸引，为所吸收absorb ones time占用某人的时间absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in.be buried in.be lost in.专注于，聚精会神于The video was totally absorbing the childrens attention.录像完全吸引了孩子们的注意力。Jane lay on

12、 the sofa，absorbed(absorb)in her book.简躺在沙发上，专心致志地看书。图形助记absorb使专心；理解吸收 expectation n期待的事物，预期；指望(教材P36)I dont know what your expectations are of London，but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia，I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲以外的地

13、方旅行，所以我想告诉您一些您可能期望找到的东西。(1)in expectation of预计；期望beyond expectation 超出预料；没有预料到(2)expect to do sth. 期待做某事expect sb.to do sth. 期待某人做某事The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone.这条狗摇着尾巴，希望吃骨头。The result is beyond expectation.结果出乎意料。My wife is too lazy.You cannot expect her to do(do)the housework

14、as well as look after the children.我妻子太懒了。你不要期望她去做些家务活，也不要期望她去照看孩子。 as a result因此，所以；结果(教材P36)There are people from all over the world living here and as a result，there are many international restaurants.这里的人来自世界各地，因此这里有许多国家的餐馆。(1)as a result of由于的结果with the result that因此；从而without result毫无结果；徒劳地(2)

15、result from(因为)产生，发生；(由而)造成result in导致As a result of volcanic ash clouds，many flights in Europe once were cancelled.由于火山灰云团，欧洲的许多航班曾被取消。She wasnt at school last week，with the result that she missed an important test.她上周没上学，结果错过了一次重要考试。His careless driving resulted in the accident.The accident result

16、ed from his careless driving.他粗心驾驶导致了这次事故。 get used to习惯于(教材P36)Youre going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here，Aunt Mei!梅姨，你得适应这里咸肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭！be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于(做)某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事Though far，I used

17、to walk to school.尽管远，但我过去常常走路上学。This field has been used to plant(plant) vegetables.这块地已被用于种植蔬菜了。I didnt think I could ever get used to living(live) in a big city after living in the country.我觉得我在农村住了之后就无法适应大城市的生活了。语境助记I used to get up late in the morning，but now I am used to getting up early becau

18、se the clock is used to wake me up on time.我过去常常早晨睡懒觉，而现在我已经习惯早起了，因为闹钟被用来按时把我叫醒。名师点津get/become used to表示由“不习惯”到“习惯于”的过程，意思是“开始习惯于，(变得)习惯于”，其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 get confused弄糊涂(教材P36)To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system，you need to check your bill to see if a tip is included

19、or not.为了避免对英国小费制度的困惑，你要查看账单上是不是包括小费。The girl got hurt on her way to school.这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。He got drunk(drink)，so I have to support him home.他喝醉了，因此我不得不扶他回家。 exchange vt.兑换，交换n交换，交流，互换(教材P36)Talking of moneyits really easy to exchange travellers cheques at banks or hotels so I advise you to get some

20、 of those before you come.谈到钱在银行或饭店兑换旅行支票非常容易，所以我建议您来之前准备一些支票。(1)exchange A for B把A换成Bexchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物(2)in exchange (for.)作为(的)交换exchange student交换生Id like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size.我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。The boy gave the girl an apple in exchange for a banana.男孩用苹果换女孩的香

21、蕉。Shall I exchange the seat with you?我可以和你换座位吗？图形助记exchange交换兑换 majority n大半，大多数；大部分(教材P36)But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are really friendly and Ive made some good friends.虽然有些英国人非常奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好，我已结交了一些好朋友。(1)a/the majority of.大多数be in a/the majority构成大多数

22、/大部分by/with a majority以多数(2)major adj.主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的n.主修科目；陆军少校vi.主修(in)(3)minor adj.较少的；次要的n.辅修科目；未成年人minority n.少数The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people in the minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。The majority was/were(be) in favour of banning smoking at the meeting yesterday

23、.在昨天会议上，大多数人支持禁烟。The majority of children in our class have(have) brown eyes；only three have blue eyes.我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个孩子是蓝眼睛。The majority of his advice is(be) helpful to us.他的大部分意见对我们都是很有用处的。名师点津the majority作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，the majority of则要看其后名词可数与否。 (教材P36)I wish your visit wasnt going to be

24、so brief but theres a lot we can do and see in a week.我真希望您的来访不会这么短，但一周内我们也有许多事情可做，许多地方可参观。【要点提炼】本句是主从复合句，主句为I wish，后面的部分为其宾语从句。该宾语从句又是由but连接的并列句，其中wasnt相当于werent，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种虚拟愿望。其形式如下：类型从句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反had过去分词与现在事实相反过去式(be通常用were，有时也可用was)与将来事实相反would/should/could/might动词原形I wi

25、sh you wouldnt leave your clothes all over the floor.我真希望你别把衣服丢得满地都是。I wish I were(be) a seagull flying high over the blue sea.但愿我是一只海鸥高高地飞翔在蓝色的海洋之上。I wish she had survived(survive) the plane crash.但愿她从这一空难中活下来。 (教材P36)But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are re

26、ally friendly and Ive made some good friends.虽然有些英国人非常奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好，我已结交了一些好朋友。【要点提炼】句中even though意为“即使，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，可用 even if替换。(1)在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，其谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。(2)as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。Even though/if he made an apology to me，I still felt upset.尽管他向我道歉了，我仍觉得

27、不高兴。Even if it rains(rain)tomorrow，we wont change our plan.即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。She looked as if/though the photographer had caught her by surprise.看上去，她好像被摄影师搞了个猝不及防。解构长句难句1(教材P36)I wish your visit wasnt going to be so brief but theres a lot we can do and see in a week.【分析】该句中but连接两个并列分句。在前一个句子中动词wish后

28、跟的宾语从句中省略了引导词that，且从句中用虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，故用一般过去时。在后一个句子中we can do and see in a week为定语从句，修饰代词a lot，从句中省略了关系词that/which。【翻译】我真希望您的来访不会这么短，但一周内我们也有许多事情可做，许多地方可参观。2(教材P36)I dont know what your expectations are of London，but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia，I thought Id tell you a bit abo

29、ut what you can expect to find.【分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列句，在前一分句中包含一个由what引导的宾语从句；后一分句中knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia是现在分词短语作状语，其后的句子中包括一个省去连接词that的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中又包含一个由what引导的宾语从句。【翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我想告诉您一些您可能期望找到的东西。.单句语法填空1His opinion represents that of the majority

30、(major)2They exchanged visiting cards with each other.3I didnt have time to get changed(change) before the party.4She was used to having(have) her orders instantly obeyed.5I expect you to be(be) here from nine to five at the very least.6The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.7His whole

31、 soul is absorbed in saving(save) his country.8She was busy getting(get)ready for the next days test.9I apologized to the chairman for being late.10This watch has gone wrong.I wish I had bought(buy) a better one.完成句子1How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy.我要是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了。2

32、He is bound to get punished for his bad deeds他的恶行一定会受到惩罚。3It happened that I was busy writing a letter when he came.他来时，我正巧忙着写信。4You will soon get used to typing on electric typewriters.你很快就会习惯在电动打字机上打字。5Even if/though we all tried our best，we lost the game.虽然我们已经尽力了，但还是输了比赛。动名词和不定式作宾语自主领悟 先观察原句Ive

33、just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around meI think Im still experiencing culture shock.Im just so glad you can afford to visit me and I refuse to let you pay for anything while youre here!To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system，you need to check yo

34、ur bill to see if a tip is included or not.If it isnt，I suggest leaving 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitresseven a bit more if the service is good.I think we should consider staying in the English countryside for a few nights as I know you enjoy hiking.后自主感悟1.句、句、句和句是动名词作宾语。2句是不定式作宾语。 一、动名词作宾语

35、1英语中有些动词必须接动名词作宾语，这类动词常用的有：admit承认；advise建议；allow允许；appreciate感激；avoid避免；consider考虑；delay延迟；deny否认；enjoy喜欢；escape逃避；excuse原谅；finish完成；forbid禁止；forgive原谅；imagine想象；keep保持；mind介意；miss错过；postpone推迟；practise练习；resist抵抗；risk冒险；suggest建议等。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Exp

36、o during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么的会议。Would you mind giving us a talk today about DNA?能不能请你今天作一个关于DNA的报告？We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。名师点津这类动词可借助以下口诀来记忆：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)喜欢想象与考虑(enjoy/appreciate，imagine，co

37、nsider)承认否定与妒忌(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)2英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on坚持；be good at擅长；put off推迟；give up放弃；feel like想要；be worth值得；cant help禁不住；be fond of喜欢；set about开始，着手；depend on依赖；cant stand/bear不能忍受；succeed in在方面成功等。I dont think we should

38、put off having the meeting.我认为我们不应该推迟开那个会议。I dont feel like cooking.Lets eat out.我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。另外，admit to承认；be used/accustomed to习惯于；lead to导致；devote.to献身于；object to反对；stick to坚持；look forward to盼望等短语中的to为介词，接动名词作宾语。We were used/accustomed to getting up early in the morning.我们以前习惯早起。Professor Wang de

39、votes his life to protecting animals.王教授为保护动物奉献一生。即时训练1用所给动词的适当形式填空I wouldnt consider making(make) these changes.He is looking forward to spending(spend) his holiday in Britain.My father insisted on walking(walk) home although we were very tired.二、不定式作宾语1不定式可直接跟在一些动词后作宾语。英语中有些动词及短语必须接不定式作宾语，这类动词及短语常

40、用的有：afford负担得起；agree同意；attempt尝试，试图；choose选择；decide决定；desire渴望；determine决心；expect期望；fail不能；hope希望；intend打算；learn学习；manage设法；offer主动提出；plan计划；pretend假装；promise许诺；refuse拒绝；wish希望；set out着手；would like想做等。I cant afford to waste money on cheap souvenirs.我不能把钱浪费在那些廉价的纪念品上。I expect to be back as soon as po

41、ssible.我盼着尽早回来。At last I managed to carry all those large boxes upstairs.最后我总算把那些大箱子都搬上了楼。名师点津这类动词可借助以下口诀来记忆：同意提出做计划(agree，offer，intend，plan)要求答应来帮忙(demand，ask，promise，help)准备决定遭拒绝(prepare，decide，refuse)敢于选择有希望(dare，choose，wish，hope，want，expect)不能做到莫假装(fail，pretend)设法做成决心坚(manage，determine)2动词不定式作te

42、ll，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等动词的宾语时，不定式前面常带疑问词，即构成动词疑问词(how，when，where，what，who)to do。He doesnt know how to operate the machine.他不知道该如何操作这台机器。3在某些动词后，可用it代替不定式短语作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语，构成“主语动词it形容词/名词to do sth.”结构。这些动词常见的有：find，think，consider，feel，make，believe，judge等。We thi

43、nk it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的职责。即时训练2完成句子Fred didnt have any money，so he decided to look for a job弗雷德没有钱了，因此他决定找份工作。They managed to finish the work on time.他们设法按时完成了工作。I feel it necessary to help him我觉得有必要帮帮他。三、既可跟不定式作宾语又可跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语1既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语的动词有start，begin，conti

44、nue，like，love，hate等，意思基本没有区别。love，like和hate接动名词表示长久的、规律性的好恶，接不定式表示一时的、个别性的好恶。They began throwing/to throw furniture out of the window.他们开始把家具扔到窗子外面去。2以下动词既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语，但意思有区别。接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得过去发生的动作记得将来要做的动作try试着去做、尝试改变努力去做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着企图(打算)做某事go on继续做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接着做

45、另一件forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记去做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事，去做别的事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮着做某事Ill remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄走的。I dont remember saying this to him before.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。I forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。3require/need/want作“需要”讲，des

46、erve作“应该”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义或不定式的被动形式，表示事情需要/应该被做。The floor needs washing/to be washed and you need to do it before Friday.地板需要清洗了，你需要在周五之前做完。The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately.这个问题需要立即予以解决。4worth，worthy，worthwhile后跟非谓语动词的形式：Sth.be worth doing.某事值得(被)做。Sth.be worthy to be done/of

47、being done.Every bit of Huangshan Mountain scenery is worth painting/worthy to be painted/of being painted.黄山山景处处可以入画。5在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow/permit/forbid/advise doing sth.允许/同意/禁止/建议干某事；allow/permit/forbid/advise sb.to do sth.允许/同意/禁止/建议某人干某

48、事。He forbids smoking during office hours.他禁止在办公时间抽烟。Allow me to congratulate you on your great success.让我向你伟大的成功祝贺。即时训练3用所给动词的适当形式填空Every half an hour Mr Smith would stop to have(have) a smoke.Your house needs repairing/to be repaired(repair)单句语法填空1Im sorry I forgot to buy(buy) you stamps.2Ill never forget being invited(invite) to her 18th birthday party.3I remember telling(tell) her about him that day.4Try to remember to turn(turn) off the light when you leave the room.5Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs be done/doing(do) to achieve the final success.