2021-2022学年新教材英语北师大版选择性必修第一册习题：UNIT 3　SECTION Ⅳ　GRAMMAR WORD版含解析.docx

1、SectionGrammar一、用适当的引导词或介词填空1.Light is the fast thing in the world,the speed which is 300,000 kilometres per second.2.We wrote a letter to our father,telling him all the things we wanted.3.He came out of the spaceship,smiling and waving to the crowds were waiting for him.4.The two brothers were sati

2、sfied with this decision, was agreed beforehand.5.When deeply absorbed in work, he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.6.The play, style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.7.There are 30 chairs in the small hall,most of are new.8.We have only told people work is relevant

3、to the project.9.There are people whom Catherine was referring.10.This is the year profit should increase.二、把下列句子改写成含非限制性定语从句的复合句1.My father works in the post office.He likes listening to classical music.2.About 2,000 people worked on the project.Many of them were Europeans.3.In his office there are

4、 nine clerks.The youngest of them is Mr Wang.4.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own.They would be free to keep black slaves there.5.I wish to thank Professor Smith.Without his help I would never pass the exam.三、阅读理解ABy the end of the century,if not sooner,the worlds oceans wil

5、l be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour va

6、ries from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳

7、)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankto

8、n growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MITs Centre for Global Change Science,built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3,it found that multiple ch

9、anges to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quant

10、ities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter?Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Tho

11、se kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes.“Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climat

12、e change,”Dutkiewicz said,“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.The way ligh

13、t reflects off marine organisms.D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.2.What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.3.What can we learn from the passage?A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ec

14、osystem.B.Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B.To analyse the composition o

15、f the ocean food chain.C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.BThe African elephant,the largest land animal remaining on Earth,is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统).Unlike other animals,the African elephant is to a great ex

16、tent the builder of its environment.As a big plant-eater,it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives,therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber o

17、f the environment and an important builder of its habitat.In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day,it kills small trees and underbrushes,and pulls branches off big trees.This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that c

18、over part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.Take the rain forests for example.In their natural state,the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the fores

19、t floor.By pulling down trees and eating plants,elephants make open spaces,allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.In such situations,the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.What worries scientists now is t

20、hat the African elephant has become an endangered species.If the elephant disappears,scientists say,many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna,greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Disappearance of African elephants.

21、B.Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.C.The effect of African elephants search for food.D.The eating habit of African elephants.6.What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?A.Fixing the time.B.Worsening the state.C.Improving the quality.D.Deciding the c

22、onditions.7.What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?A.They result from the destruction of rain forests.B.They provide food mainly for African elephants.C.They are home to many endangered animals.D.They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.8.According to the passage,

23、which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The African elephant is the largest animal on Earth.B.African elephants have 300 pounds of plants every day,including small trees and underbrushes.C.The African elephant is in a way the builder of the environment like other land animals.D.If the African el

24、ephant disappears,the whole ecosystem wont be affected.四、七选五阅读理解Are we aware in protecting the environment?1 Lets take a review of how important environment is and how to protect it.2There are many organisations,at a local,national and international level devoted to the environmental protection.Toge

25、ther they form the Green Movement.Whenever a habitat is threatened(威胁) by industry or development,the Green Movement takes the side of the environment.These groups already enjoy considerable public support.3Unless people understand how threats to the environment affect them,they cannot see the impor

26、tance of environmental protection.Encourage organic(有机的) farming.Farming without chemicals is known as organic farming.In several countries,organic produce has become very popular.Because no chemicals are used to grow the food,there are none to enter the human food chain.4Save the Rainforest.In deve

27、loping countries,action is finally being taken to save the rainforests.In Africa,the Ivory Coast recently banned all timber exports.In Central America,the government of Panama made it illegal to cut down any tree more than five years old.5 As everybody knows,timber exports have been a major source o

28、f income for them.It is difficult to persuade poor people in developing countries of the importance of saving the forests.They need more food and want to use the land to grow crops on.What matters is not just our enjoyment of nature,but the future of life on Earth.A.But their most important work is

29、education.B.Is there anything we can do about it?C.Why are people determined to take actions?D.Join the Green Movement.E.Such actions show great determination.F.Found organisations to protect our environment.G.In addition,people think it will save the environment.五、语篇填空Nowadays,our living conditions

30、 are becoming increasingly serious owing to the destruction of our environment.Many plants and 1.(animal) are endangered,and all the food chain has been destroyed,2. has aroused a wide concern among people.It is obvious that there are many reasons 3. this phenomenon.Firstly,the overuse of natural re

31、sources has a bad effect on 4. balance of natural ecology.Secondly,the population of the world is increasing rapidly,making the world too 5.(crowd) for us to live in.Thirdly,it is the smoke released from factories and cars that 6.(pollute) the environment badly.Personally,I hold the view that effect

32、ive measures must be taken 7.(improve) the present situation.To begin with,the government must 8.(sure) pass laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere,and prevent factories from harming the environment.Besides,as a member of the society,we are bound to do something for environmental 9.

33、(protect),such as planting more trees,10.(recycle) natural resources and so on.Im sure that things will be better in the near future if we insist on doing like this.答案：一、1.of2.that3.who/that4.as5.which6.whose7.which8.whose9.to10.when二、1.My father,who likes listening to classical music,works in the p

34、ost office.2.About 2,000 people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the project.3.In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Wang.4.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.5.I wish to thank Professor Smith,withou

35、t whose help I would never pass the exam.三、1.B主旨大意题。根据文章前两段的内容可知,这两段主要介绍了海洋颜色发生变化的原因。故选B项。2.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth”可知,浮游生物容易受到气候变暖的影响,所以vulnerable的含义与sensitive最为接近。故选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Butinsomewaters.,awarmingwillmakeconditionsripe

36、rforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知,在某些海域,气候变暖给浮游生物提供了更成熟的条件,而这些水域将会变得更绿。故选D项。4.C写作意图题。通读文章的第一段以及最后一段的内容可知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的就是解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C项。5.C主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的就是大象在非洲草原的生物链中的重要作用,它不断寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。6.D词义猜测题。根据文中的“Asabigplant-eater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(稀树草原)surroundingsin

37、whichitlives,thereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat.”可知,非洲大象塑造了草原的环境,也决定了其他动物的生存条件。7.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesof

38、growththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.”可知,开放的空间有大量能吸引其他食草动物的植物。8.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbrushes,andpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.”可知选B项。四、15 BDAGE五、1.animals2.which3.for4.the5.crowded6.pollutes7.to improve8.surely9.protection10.recycling