2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末测试卷-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第二册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末测试卷（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3回答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共30分，略）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选

2、项中选出最佳选项。ATop Public Sculpture Parks to Visit in AmericaKasmin Sculpture Garden (New York City)This quiet sculpture garden in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood is far from the crowds. Owned and operated by Kasmin Gallery, this exhibition space can be viewed from the nearby High Line. It is designed by

3、 Future Green, a Brooklyn, landscape architect studio, and it stands beside a famous building designed by Zaha Hadid. Theres a current exhibition featuring bronze (铜) sculptures by Alma Allen, which shows the artists regard for Utah.Tippet Rise Art Center (Fishtail)This sculpture garden is worth the

4、 trip to the Beartooth Mountains in Fishtail. It is a 12,500-acre ranch (牧场), which is peppered with public art, including sculptures by Mark di Suvero, among others. This summer, the ranch will be open to those who are hiking or traveling by bike.Storm King Art Center (New Windsor)By far the most p

5、opular sculpture park in upstate New York, it is a 500-acre sculpture park in Hudson Valley. Since opening in 1960, it has grown to include dozens of sculptures that change over time. In its collection, the park owns sculptures by famous artists including Carl Andre, Louise Bourgeois, and Daniel Bur

6、en.Olympic Sculpture Park (Seattle)This outdoor park was created by the nearby Seattle Art Museum and features a large red sculpture by Alexander Calder called Eagle, as well as Wake by Richard Serra. Since 2007, this waterfront park has brought creativity to Elliott Bay. The landscape design fits i

7、n with the local roads and skyline, facing the harbor in whats recognized as Seattles largest downtown green space.1What can be learned about the garden in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood?AIt is run by Kasmin Gallery.BIt is designed by Zaha Hadid.CIt has become a part of the High Line.DIt stands for

8、 Alma Allens respect for Utah.2Which of the following parks is located in Hudson Valley?AKasmin Sculpture Garden.BTippet Rise Art Center.CStorm King Art Center.DOlympic Sculpture Park.3Where can you see the sculpture Wake?AIn New York City.BIn Seattle.CIn New Windsor.DIn Fishtail.BJason M. Allen was

9、 almost too nervous to enter his first art competition. Now, his award-winning image is stirring debates about whether art can be generated by a computer, and what, exactly, it means to be an artist.In August 2022, Allen, a 39-year-old game designer who lives in Pueblo West, Colorado, won first plac

10、e in the “digital arts/digitally-operated photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. His winning image, titled Thatre Dopra Spatial, was made with Midjourneyan artificial intelligence system that can produce detailed images when fed written prompts (提示).Allens winning im

11、age looks like a bright cross between a classic and modern painting. Its one of three such images he entered in the competition. Allen posted excitedly about his win on Midjourneys Discord server on August 25, along with pictures of his three entries; it spread quickly on Twitter days later, with ma

12、ny artists feeling angry about Allens win because of his use of AI to create the image. “He just pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece,” one Twitter user wrote. “Were watching the death of art unfold before our eyes.”However, to get the final three images he entered in the competition, A

13、llen said, he took over 80 hours. First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in nice dresses and space helmets. Over time, with slight adjustments to his written prompts, he created 900 repeating processes of what led to his final three images. He gave the

14、final touch to those three images in Photoshop. Then he ran the images through another software program called Gigapixel AI that can improve resolution (分辨率) and had the images printed at a local print shop.Allen is glad that the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is getting so much atte

15、ntion. “Rather than hating the technology or the people behind it, we need to recognize its a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward,” Allen said.4What do we know about Theatre Dopera Spatial?AIts beauty is widely accepted.BIts creation is an easy process.CIt shows the death of

16、 traditional art.DIt has caused a lot of arguments.5What did Allen do to create his entries?AHe searched for smart written prompts.BHe edited his final images in Photoshop.CHe fed Midjourney with famous paintings.DHe developed the software named Gigapixel.6What is Allens attitude to the debate over

17、Al-created art?AWorried.BUncaring.CPositive.DAnnoyed.7What might be the best title for the text?AAI Beats Out Human Artists in the Art FieldB AI Won an Art Contest and Artists Are Angry CAn Artist Wins State Fair Art Contest and LaughsDThe Artist From Pueblo West Is Defending His Work.CScientists ba

18、sed in Japans Osaka University have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef (the most expensive Japanese beef) in a lab a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured meat that closely resemble original products.Using cells that they took from wagyu

19、cows, the Japanese scientists set out to create a structure with the special feature seen in wagyu beef that makes it different from other cuts of beef. By isolating beef cells, the scientists organized how muscles, fat and other cells should be placed. The researchers then shaped these tissues (组织)

20、 into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bioprinting (生物打印), where cell structures can be made to look like real tissues in living things. The researchers believe that the development could be a big step toward a sustainable future. Its origins from real meat also make it different from

21、 plant-based options.“By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, but also make subtle adjustments to the fat and muscle components,” Michiya Matsusaki, one of the projects researchers, said excitedly in a statement. Michiya added that with these

22、adjustments, more customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they like, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns.Wagyu beef is known to be extremely expensive, with high-grade wagyu fetching prices of up to $200 per pound and adult cows selling for

23、more than $30,000. In 2019, Japans wagyu exports reached a record high of $268.8 million in profits, up 20% from 2018.While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D-printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomed

24、ical Engineering at the Israel Institute of Technology jointly bio-printed and cultivated a rib eye steak using real cow cells.8What does the underlined word “cultured”in paragraph 1 refer to?AEducated.BNatural.CMan-made.DElegant.9What is special about the printed Wagyu beef according to paragraph 2

25、?ABio-printing technology was created by Japanese scientists.BThe 3D printed beef tastes exactly like real Wagyu beef.CAnimal-based meal is different from plant-based meat.DScientists could organize the structure of organs and cells in beef.10What is the attitude of the Japanese researcher towards t

26、he future of 3D printed beef?APositive.BNegative.CUnclear.DNeutral.11What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?AMore researches are done to make 3D bio-printing beef.BIt is impossible to make meat to the need of the customers.CJapanese scientists are the first in the world to bio-print steaks.D

27、Reproducing more complex meat structures has already come true.DWe live in a world where we want everything instantly. In this instant world it is hard to succeed in anything. To achieve your goal, you first have to change your life from instantly to persistently (坚持地).Persistence is the course you

28、need to set. When you change your expectancy from instantly to persistently you will gain an advantage of time that many do not have. Time works against those who live instantly. Opportunities are never seen because when something doesnt happen instantly people move on to the next thing on their lis

29、t and consider the current goal a failure.Persistent people have the advantage of time. It allows them to step back, observe and assess the progress of the goal they are pursuing. Some things take longer to develop; some just need to be left there for a while to find their own way.When you live inst

30、antly you gain and lose instantly. Many times, you do not know how you got there or how to get back because it is not repeatable. When you live persistently you learn how things work, how to correct a plan and how to guide it to make it successful. You do not panic because you know you have more tha

31、n enough time.Slow down and take time to enjoy the journey. If what you are doing is not fun then stop doing it and do something else.Everything you do should be in pursuit of a better tomorrow than you had yesterday. You should take time to develop your abilities to reach your goals. Do not get dis

32、couraged just because your success is not instant.Celebrate each step along the way. People who live instantly dont take time to appreciate what they have accomplished. They are just looking for the next thing that they can get instantly.You must be grateful for the time it takes to reach your goal.

33、 Persistence will get you there if you really want to get there.12Why will people who want things instantly fail in many things?AThey dont stick to their goal.BThey often change their lifestyle.CThey want greater efficiency.DThey tend to pursue a higher target.13Whats the main advantage persistent p

34、eople have over instant people?AThe willpower.BA plan.CA target.DAn opportunity.14According to the text, persistent people _.Awork slower than instant peopleBwill get rewarded for their effortsCfocus more on the resultDdont appreciate what they have done15Whats the writers main purpose of writing th

35、e text?ATo praise those who have succeeded.BTo suggest learning the art of persistence.CTo blame those who live instantly.DTo persuade people to live happily.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Can you change your luck?Sometimes, everything seems to go wrong. _16_. You

36、r back aches. Your cat keeps throwing up. Faced with difficulties large or small, you feel like your life is always taking a turn for the worse. You begin to wonder if you are just an unlucky person.Dont be upset._17_. After studying people who consider themselves lucky or unlucky, he has found that

37、 the “lucky” ones make the best use of chance opportunities and have the courage to follow their intuition (直觉) to take them without hesitation.“If you are relaxed and happy, your world view becomes bigger and you see more opportunities,” he says. “If youre a flexible person, when those opportunitie

38、s come in, youll make the most of them._18_, but often they change the course depending on bow the wind is going.”Lucky people also expect good things and can turn bad experiences into good. “They tend to beno surpriseoptimistic people, and they also recover from the bad things that happen,” Wiseman

39、 says.“If bad things happen, they think, OK, it could have been worse.”_19_“Each night before you go to bed, spend about 30 seconds writing down a good thing thats happened that day, or a sense of appreciation for friends or family or health, or a negative thing thats no longer happening,” Wiseman s

40、ays.Also, dont be a person of habit. Take a different route when walking, watch a different TV programme, speak to different people. _20_ And then keep your eyes open and get whatever opportunities might arise.AYoure passed over for a jobBEven small changes can be effectiveCLucky people know where t

41、heyre headingDThe lucky ones regularly list things they are grateful to haveEThere are some methods you can follow to change your luckFProfessor Wiseman believes there are steps to improve your luckGAs for specific activities, you can focus on the positive by keeping a “luck diary”第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30

42、分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Journeys around the world are costly, have you ever traveled while staying in other peoples homes for free? It might sound too good to be _21_. But a retired couple from Norfolk, England have _22_ to do just that.Jonathan and Julie Ash

43、worth sold their house in 2017 and then traveled around the world while looking after other peoples houses and pets in exchange for free_23_.The Ashworths booked their first house-sitting in early 2018 when looking for ways they could_24_ more while on a budget, and said theyd never_25_ ever since.

44、While they were_26_ doubtful about the idea, they tried signing up for TrustedHousesitters, where owners and housesitters leave_27_ for each other. As they were new to the_28_, the couple chose to house- sit locally to build up their profiles, and often visited owners before_29_ their stay. Once the

45、yd clocked up a significant amount of_30_ reviews, they began to make an_31_ for house- sitting slightly further afield.While house- sitting might sound like a piece of cake, its_32_ as simple as just walking the owners dog every day. In order to_33_ they were prepared for each house- sitting, the p

46、air generally arrived a few hours before the owners_34_, so that they could meet and discuss any concerns.Due to COVID-19, the couple were_35_ to return to the UK. They are staying in a caravan (拖车) until they are able to begin house-sitting again.21AfundamentalBtrueCabnormalDconvenient22AmanagedBta

47、ckledCpromisedDhighlighted23AtransportationBaccommodationCwelfareDsubstance24AearnBengageCtravelDarise25Alooked upBlooked outClooked backDlooked away26AultimatelyBconventionallyCinitiallyDapparently27AsymbolsBsouvenirsCcontrastsDreviews28ApracticeBrecognitionCdefinitionDcompetence29AsurvivingBshorte

48、ningCendingDsecuring30AfinancialBurgentCpositiveDdynamic31AallowanceBexplanationCexchangeDapplication32AeventuallyBrarelyCmerelyDconsistently33ApredictBdebateCensureDrealize34ArestoredBleftCmonitoredDcontracted35AprohibitedBpermittedCforcedDinvited第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词

49、的正确形式。Right now, you likely have something unnatural that is running around inside of your body. It was made by humans and could_36_ (potential) harm you. That something is called PFAS (含氟表面活性剂).As the nickname suggests, these “forever chemicals” are a large group of substances _37_ do not break dow

50、n in the environment. The chemicals have been widely used since the 1940s in a huge range of_38_ (day) consumer products and industrial processes.PFAS are able to make certain products non-stick or stain-repellent (防污的). Therefore, we use the chemicals to make products that are_39_ (resist) to oil,

51、heat, stains or water. They are found in everything _40_ cosmetics (化妆品), to outdoor gear, non-stick pans and food wrappers.Research indicates that_41_ (expose) to PFAS has been linked to the development of certain cancers, the weakening of childrens immune systems, weight gain, and a wide range of

52、other health problems.“Were really seeing PFAS absolutely everywhere,”said Elsie M. Sunderland, _42_ environmental chemist at Harvard. The good news is that there are ways_43_ (avoid) being exposed to it, such as by using a water filter, she added.In Europe, countries_44_ (include) Germany, Denmark,

53、 the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden _45_ (signal) their intention to ban the mass production of PFAS, most of their uses, and their market availability in the European Union in the past year.第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46假如你是学生会主席李华，针对全球变暖问题，你校正在开展“创建环保家园”活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：1. 全球变暖的后果；2. 解决办法；3. 提

54、出倡议。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear fellow students,_Students Union第二节（满分25分）47阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。As I began to wade through thirteen pages of the credit-card companys new policy, I wasnt sure how it was going to affect me personally. As I waited to be connected to a cus

55、tomer service rep, I considered whether I should even write the fifth novel in my Old Cape House series. Did my readers really enjoy the mysterious historical stories I told? Should I take on more debt to buy my paperback books? I thought about all the author events, book signings, and book fairs th

56、at might be canceled because of the virus. When would normal life return?“Hello, Ms. Struna, this is Thomas. May I have your account information?”After repeating the information he needed, I explained my dilemma in trying to understand the new policy and asked how it would affect my future purchases

57、.“Please, do not worry. You will have no change.”“Are you sure? I am an author and travel frequently. I need to have access to my card at all times for big or small purchases.” I laughed to myself, thinking I wasnt going anywhere for a while, at least until there was a vaccine.“Let me reassure you.

58、There will be no change to your card, but Ms. Struna, may I ask you one more question? Are you the author of The Old Cape House?”My jaw dropped. He was talking about my first novel of suspenseful historical fiction, The Old Cape House, published in 2013. I was stunned and I stammered, “Why, yes I am

59、.” I was still skeptical about what he wanted from me.Thomas kept talking. “I thought it was you. I recognized your name, and when you told me you were an author, I knew it was you.”“Oh, my goodness.” My heart started to beat faster with delight at the connection I was making with an unknown foreign

60、 reader.“Ms. Struna, your book changed me. It changed how I look at the world. It showed me ways to be more adventuresome and to be open to new things. Thank you so very much.”注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1:I was stunned at the idea that I had made a difference in someones life._

61、Paragraph 2:I hung up, ending this coincidental connection to a fan reader in a faraway place._参考答案：1A2C3B【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国的四个雕塑公园的相关信息。1细节理解题。由Kasmin Sculpture Garden (New York City)中的“This quiet sculpture garden in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood is far from the crowds. Owned and operated by Kasm

62、in Gallery, this exhibition space can be viewed from the nearby High Line. (这座位于曼哈顿切尔西区的安静雕塑花园远离人群。这个展览空间由Kasmin Gallery拥有和运营，可以从附近的High Line观看)”可知，Kasmin Sculpture Garden由Kasmin Gallery运营。故选A项。2细节理解题。由Storm King Art Center (New Windsor)中的“By far the most popular sculpture park in upstate New York,

63、it is a 500-acre sculpture park in Hudson Valley. (迄今为止，它是纽约州北部最受欢迎的雕塑公园，位于哈德逊河谷，占地500英亩)”可知，Storm King Art Center位于哈德逊山谷。故选C项。3细节理解题。由Olympic Sculpture Park (Seattle)中的“This outdoor park was created by the nearby Seattle Art Museum and features a large red sculpture by Alexander Calder called Eagle

64、, as well as Wake by Richard Serra. (这座户外公园由附近的西雅图艺术博物馆创建，以亚历山大卡尔德的大型红色雕塑Eagle和理查德塞拉的Wake为特色)”可知，在西雅图可以看到Richard Serra的雕塑作品Wake。故选B项。4D5B6C7B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国科罗拉多州博览会艺术比赛中，AI画作拿一等奖惹怒人类艺术家，并引发热议。4推理判断题。根据第三段“it spread quickly on Twitter days later, with many artists feeling angry about Allens wi

65、n because of his use of AI to create the image. “He just pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece,” one Twitter user wrote. “Were watching the death of art unfold before our eyes.”(几天后，这张照片在推特上迅速传播，许多艺术家对艾伦的获奖感到愤怒，因为他使用了人工智能来创作这张图像。一位推特用户写道：“他只是按了几个按钮就做成了一件数字艺术品。”“我们正在目睹艺术的死亡在我们眼前展开。”)”可推断，

66、太空歌剧院这部AI作品引起了许多争论。故选D。5细节理解题。根据第四段“He gave the final touch to those three images in Photoshop. (他在Photoshop中对这三张图片进行了最后的润色。)”可知，艾伦创作他的参赛作品时，用Photoshop编辑他的最终图像。故选B。6推理判断题。根据最后一段“Allen is glad that the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is getting so much attention. “Rather than hating th

67、e technology or the people behind it, we need to recognize its a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward,” Allen said. (艾伦很高兴关于人工智能能否用于艺术创作的争论得到了如此多的关注。艾伦说：“我们不应该憎恨这项技术或它背后的人，我们需要认识到它是一个强大的工具，并把它用于善，这样我们就可以向前迈进。”)”可推断，艾伦对关于他创作的艺术的争论持积极的态度。故选C。7主旨大意题。根据第二段的“In August 2022, Allen,

68、 a 39-year-old game designer who lives in Pueblo West, Colorado, won first place in the “digital arts/digitally-operated photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition.(2022年8月，生活在科罗拉多州普韦布洛西部的39岁游戏设计师艾伦在科罗拉多州博览会美术比赛中获得了“数字艺术/数字操作摄影”类别的第一名)”和第三段“it spread quickly on Twitter da

69、ys later, with many artists feeling angry about Allens win because of his use of AI to create the image.(几天后，这张照片在推特上迅速传播，许多艺术家对艾伦的获奖感到愤怒，因为他使用了人工智能来创作这张图像。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国科罗拉多州博览会艺术比赛中，AI画作拿一等奖惹怒人类艺术家，并引发热议。所以“AI Won an Art Contest and Artists Are Angry(AI赢得了艺术比赛，惹怒人类艺术家)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。8C9D10A11A

70、【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们发明了3D打印和牛的技术，打印出来的和牛价格更低，并且可以调整牛肉的脂肪含量和口味等，人们未来可以吃到量身定做的牛肉，这是一项可持续发展的生物工程。8词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“3D print wagyu beef (the most expensive Japanese beef) in a lab(在实验室里3D打印和牛（日本最昂贵的牛肉）)”和“closely resemble original products(与原版产品非常相似)”可知，cultured meat指的是人工培养的牛肉，cultured意为“人工培养的”，和C项意思一致。故选

71、C。9细节理解题。根据第二段的“By isolating beef cells, the scientists organized how muscles, fat and other cells should be placed.(通过分离牛肉细胞，科学家们组织了肌肉、脂肪和其他细胞应该如何放置)”可知，3D打印的和牛牛肉的特别之处是在于科学家可以组织牛肉器官和细胞的结构。故选D。10推理判断题。根据第三段“By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structur

72、es, but also make subtle adjustments to the fat and muscle components,” Michiya Matsusaki, one of the projects researchers, said excitedly in a statement.(该项目的研究人员之一Michiya Matsusaki在一份声明中兴奋地表示：“通过改进这项技术，不仅可以复制复杂的肉类结构，还可以对脂肪和肌肉成分进行细微调整。”)”推知，研究者对3D打印牛肉的态度是积极的。故选A。11推理判断题。根据最后一段“While this might be t

73、he first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D-printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Israel Institute of Technology jointly bio-printed and cultivated a rib eye steak using real cow cells.(虽然这可能是第一块3D

74、打印的和牛切片，但生物打印牛肉也有其他尝试。今年2月，Aleph农场和以色列理工学院生物医学工程学院联合用真正的牛细胞生物打印和培育了一种肋眼牛排)”可知，关于3D生物打印技术还有更多的研究。故选A。12A13C14C15B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了坚持不懈的优势，建议人们做事情应坚持不懈。12细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话“Opportunities are never seen because when something doesnt happen instantly people move on to the next thing on their list and co

75、nsider the current goal a failure.(机会永远不会出现，因为当某件事没有立即发生时，人们会去做清单上的下一件事，并认为当前的目标是失败的)”可知，那些想要立即得到东西的人等不到结果出来就认定任务失败，并开始做下一件事，不能坚持原有目标。故选A项。13细节理解题。根据第三段的第一、二两句话句话“Persistent people have the advantage of time. It allows them to step back, observe and assess the progress of the goal they are pursuing.

76、(执坚持不懈的人有时间的优势。它允许他们后退一步，观察和评估他们正在追求的目标的进展)”可知，执坚持不懈的人有追求目标。根据第四段的第一、二两句话句话“When you live instantly you gain and lose instantly. Many times, you do not know how you got there or how to get back because it is not repeatable.(当你活在当下的时候，你的得失也就在当下，很多时候你不知道你是如何到达那里的，也不知道如何回到那里，因为它是不可重复的)”可知，即时的人很随意，漫无目的。

77、再根据第四段的第三句话句话“When you live persistently you learn how things work, how to correct a plan and how to guide it to make it successful.(当你坚持不懈地生活，你就会知道事情是如何运作的，如何纠正一个计划，如何引导它使它成功)”可知，目标是坚持不懈人相对于即时的人的主要优势。故选C项。14细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句话句话“When you live persistently you learn how things work, how to correct a pl

78、an and how to guide it to make it successful.(当你坚持不懈地生活，你就会知道事情是如何运作的，如何纠正一个计划，如何引导它使它成功)”可知，坚持不懈的人关注做事的成效。故选C项。15推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的最后一句“To achieve your goal, you first have to change your life from instantly to persistently(坚持地). (要实现你的目标，你首先要改变你的生活，从瞬间到持久)”和末段第二句“Persistence will get you there if y

79、ou really want to get there. (如果你真的想成功，坚持会让你成功)”可知，作者的主要意图是建议人们学会坚持不懈。故选B项。16A17F18C19G20B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些改变运气的方法。16根据空前“Sometimes, everything seems to go wrong.”（有时候，一切似乎都出错了。）以及空后“Your back aches. Your cat keeps throwing up.”（你的背疼。你的猫一直在呕吐。）可知，A项“你没有得到一份工作”和后文都是在举例说明一些运气不好的事情，符合语境。故选A项。17根据空

80、后“After studying people who consider themselves lucky or unlucky, he has found that the “lucky” ones make the best use of chance opportunities and have the courage to follow their intuition (直觉) to take them without hesitation.”（在研究了那些认为自己幸运或不幸运的人之后，他发现那些“幸运”的人会充分利用机遇，并有勇气追随自己的直觉，毫不犹豫地抓住机会。）可知，通过了解幸

81、运的人为何幸运的原因，可得出人们是可以改变运气的，F项“Professor Wiseman相信有一些方法可以改善你的运气”符合题意，下文的he指代Professor Wiseman，选项中的Professor Wiseman也呼应下文中的Wiseman。故选F项。18C项“幸运的人知道自己的方向”承接上文“If youre a flexible person, when those opportunities come in, youll make the most of them.”（如果你是一个灵活的人，当这些机会到来时，你会充分利用它们）讲幸运的人知道怎么做，与下文“but often

82、they change the course depending on bow the wind is going.”（但他们往往会根据风向改变方向。）是转折关系，突出幸运的人为何幸运。故选C项。19G项“至于具体的活动，你可以通过写幸运日记来关注积极的一面”引出空后“Each night before you go to bed, spend about 30 seconds writing down a good thing thats happened that day, or a sense of appreciation for friends or family or health

83、, or a negative thing thats no longer happening,” Wiseman says.”（Wiseman说：“每天晚上睡觉前，花30秒左右的时间写下当天发生的一件好事，或对朋友、家人或健康的感激之情，或一件不再发生的消极事情。”）具体讲如何变得幸运会做的具体活动每天写下积极的诸多事情。故选G项。20根据上文“Also, dont be a person of habit. Take a different route when walking, watch a different TV programme, speak to different peop

84、le.”（此外，不要成为一个习惯性的人。走路时走不同的路线，看不同的电视节目，和不同的人说话。）可知，这都是一些小小的改变，B项“即使是很小的改变也会很有效”讲做出改变的好处。故选B项。21B22A23B24C25C26C27D28A29D30C31D32B33C34B35C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一对退休夫妇通过为他人提供家政服务，换取免费住宿环游世界的故事。21考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来好得不真实。A. fundamental 基础的；B. true 真实的；C. abnormal不正常的；D. convenient 方便的。根据下文“But a retired couple

85、 from Norfolk, England have managed to do just that.（但一对来自英国诺福克的退休夫妇设法成功做到了这一点。）”可知，旅游免费住在别人家里这件事情不太现实，这对夫妇努力尝试才把它变为真实的。故选B项。22考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一对来自英国诺福克的退休夫妇设法成功做到了这一点。A. managed设法做到；B. tackled 处理；C. promised保证；D. highlighted 强调。根据上文“It might sound too good to be true.（这听起来好得不真实。）”可知，要做到这件事很难，因此需要努力设法做

86、，而manage to do sth.表示“设法成功做某事”，符合语境。故选A项。23考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔纳森阿什沃斯和朱莉阿什沃斯在2017年卖掉了他们的房子，然后周游世界，同时照顾别人的房子和宠物，以换取免费住宿。A. transportation交通；B. accommodation住宿；C. welfare福利；D. substance 物质。根据上文“staying in other peoples homes for free（免费住在被人的房子里）”可知，此处谈论的是免费住宿。故选B项。24考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿什沃斯一家在2018年初预订了他们的第一套房子，当时他们正

87、在寻找能在节省开支情况下更多旅行的方式，并表示从那以后他们从没往回看。A. earn 赚得；B. engage（使）参与；C. travel 旅游；D. arise 产生。根据上文“traveled around the world（周游世界）”可知，他们正寻找能节省开支的旅游方式。故选C项。25考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：阿什沃斯一家在2018年初预订了他们的第一套房子，当时他们正在寻找能在节省开支情况下更多旅行的方式，并表示从那以后他们从没回头（义无反顾地做下去）。A. looked up 查阅；B. looked out 当心；C. looked back 回顾、回看；D. looked

88、 away 看向别处。根据下文“They are staying in a caravan (拖车) until they are able to begin house-sitting again.（他们待在一辆大篷车里，直到他们能够重新开始代为照看房子。）”可知，这对夫妇自开始做这件事以来，便喜欢上这件事，一直义无反顾、不回头地在做。故选C项。26考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们最初对这个想法存疑，他们还是尝试注册了TrustedHousesitters，在那里，业主和代为照看房子的人会互相留下评论。A. ultimately 最终；B. conventionally按惯例；C. init

89、ially 最初；D. apparently 显然。根据下文“As they were new to the practice, the couple chose to house- sit locally to build up their profiles, and often visited owners before securing their stay.（由于他们是新从事这一行业的，这对夫妇选择当地的房子代为照看，以建立自己的形象，并经常在入住前拜访业主。）”可知，此处讲述他们最初进入这一领域的情景。故选C项。27考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们最初对这个想法存疑，他们还是尝试注册

90、了TrustedHousesitters，在那里，业主和代为照看房子的人会互相留下评论。A. symbols 象征；B. souvenirs 纪念品；C. contrasts对比；D. reviews 评论。根据下文“Once theyd clocked up a significant amount of positive reviews, they began to make an application for house- sitting slightly further afield.（一旦他们获得了大量的好评，他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子。）”可知，他们在这个网站上获得了好评，故这

91、个网站，屋主和代为照看的人能够留下评论。故选D项。28考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他们是新从事这一行业的，这对夫妇选择当地的房子代为照看，以建立自己的形象，并经常在获得入住权前拜访业主。A. practice 实践；B. recognition 识别；C. definition 定义；D. competence 能力。根据本句的“were new to（新来到）”可知，此处表示他们新进入这个行业，即新开始这项实践。故选A项。29考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：由于他们是新从事这一行业的，这对夫妇选择当地的房子代为照看，以建立自己的形象，并经常在获得入住权前拜访业主。A. surviving幸存；

92、B. shortening 缩短；C. ending结束；D. securing 获得。根据本句的“their stay（他们的入住）”可知，这对夫妇是要获得屋主给予的入住许可之后才能入住，但他们为了树立形象，会在获得入住权前去拜访屋主。故选D项。30考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们获得了大量的好评，他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子。A. financial 金融的；B. urgent 紧迫的；C. positive 积极的；D. dynamic动态的。根据本句的“they began to make an application for house- sitting slightly furt

93、her afield（他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子）”可知，之所以敢申请远一点的房子，肯定是他们获得了好评。故选C项。31考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们获得了大量的好评，他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子。A. allowance 补贴；B. explanation 解释；C. exchange 交换；D. application 应用、申请。根据本句的“house- sitting slightly further afield（稍远点房子的代为照看）”可知，他们开始去申请成为这些房子的代为照看人，故词组make an application for表示“申请”，符合语境。故选D项。32考查副词

94、词义辨析。句意：虽然坐在家里听上去像小菜一碟，但很少像每天遛狗那样简单。A. eventually 最终；B. rarely很少；C. merely 仅仅；D. consistently一贯地。根据下文“In order to ensure they were prepared for each house- sitting, the pair generally arrived a few hours before the owners left so that they could meet and discuss any concerns.（为了确保他们每次入住做时好准备，这对夫妇通常会

95、在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。）”可知，这个工作并不是简单地遛遛狗，很少会那么简单。故选B项。33考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保他们每次入住做时好准备，这对夫妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。A. predict 预测；B. debate 辩论；C. ensure确保；D. realize 实现。根据本句的“the pair generally arrived a few hours before the owners left so that they could meet and discuss any concerns（这对夫

96、妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。）”可知，他们不辞辛苦地提前去，目的就是为了不出意外，顺利入住，既确保自己做了万全的准备。故选C项。34考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保他们每次入住做时好准备，这对夫妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。A. restored修复；B. left 离开；C. monitored 监测；D. contracted 感染，与订立合同。根据本句的“before the owners（在屋主之前）”可知，既然他们是去代为照看房子的，肯定屋主会离开家。故只有在屋主离开之前去才能和面对面交流。故选B项。35考查动

97、词词义辨析。句意：因为新冠，这对夫妻被迫回到英国。A. prohibited禁止；B. permitted允许；C. forced强迫；D. invited邀请。根据下文“They are staying in a caravan (拖车) until they are able to begin house-sitting again.（他们待在一辆大篷车里，直到他们能够重新开始代为照看房子。）”可知，他们乐意继续做这件事情，故新冠迫使他们不得不回国。故选C项。36potentially37that#which38daily39resistant40from41exposure42an43t

98、o avoid44including45have signaled#have signalled【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍含氟表面活性剂在生活中的使用以及其危害性。36考查副词。句意：它是人类制造的，可能会伤害你。此空修饰后面动词harm，应填副词，作状语。故填potentially。37考查定语从句。句意：正如这个绰号所暗示的，这些“永远的化学物质”是一大类在环境中不会分解的物质。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为substances，为物，关系在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。38考查形容词。句意：自20世纪40年代以来，这

99、些化学品已广泛应用于各种日常消费品和工业过程中。此空修饰后面名词consumer products，应填形容词，作定语。故填daily。39考查词形容词。句意：因此，我们使用这些化学物质来制造耐油、耐热、耐污渍或防水的产品。此处作表语，应用形容词，构成固定搭配be resistant to“对抵抗”。故填resistant。40考查介词。句意：从化妆品到户外用具、不粘锅和食品包装，它们随处可见。固定搭配from.to.“从到”。故填from。41考查名词。句意：研究表明，接触PFAS与某些癌症的发展、儿童免疫系统的削弱、体重增加以及其它广泛的健康问题有关。此处作主语，应用名词exposure“

100、接触”，为不可数名词。故填exposure。42考查冠词。句意：哈佛大学环境化学家埃尔西M桑德兰说：“我们真的看到PFAS无处不在。”此处泛指“一名环境化学家”，environmental为元音音素开始的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。43考查非谓语动词。句意：她补充道，好消息是，有一些方法可以避免接触到它，比如使用滤水器。固定搭配ways to do sth“做某事的方法”。故填to avoid。44考查非谓语动词。句意：在欧洲，包括德国、丹麦、荷兰、挪威和瑞典在内的国家表示，他们打算在过去一年中禁止大规模生产PFAS、其大部分用途及其在欧盟的市场供应。countries和include为

101、主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填including。45考查动词时态。句意：在欧洲，包括德国、丹麦、荷兰、挪威和瑞典在内的国家表示，他们打算在过去一年中禁止大规模生产PFAS、其大部分用途及其在欧盟的市场供应。主语countries和signal为主动关系，且由“in the past year”可知，应用现在完成时。故填have signaled/signalled。46Dear fellow students,The greenhouse effect has led to not only the rise in temperature but also extreme weat

102、her and natural disasters worldwide, even costing human lives.To avoid the warming trend to continue, urgent steps should be taken to prevent a higher a price to pay. First of all, government need to consider taking appropriate measures, including educating everyone about global warming, along with

103、its cause and impacts. Plus, we as individuals can also reduce our carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.Every effort matters. Lets take action now.Students Union【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学校针对全球变暖问题而开展的“创建环保家园”活动写一封倡议书。【详解】1.词汇积累导致：lead toresult in继续：continu

104、ego on措施：stepmeasure此外：plusin addition2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：First of all, government need to consider taking appropriate measures, including educating everyone about global warming, along with its cause and impacts.拓展句：First of all, government need to consider taking appropriate measures, which include ed

105、ucating everyone about global warming, along with its cause and impacts.【点睛】【高分句型1】The greenhouse effect has led to not only the rise in temperature but also extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, even costing human lives.（运用了not onlybut also连接并列成分）【高分句型2】To avoid the warming trend to cont

106、inue, urgent steps should be taken to prevent a higher a price to pay.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语）47I was stunned at the idea that I had made a difference in someones life. I murmured unbelievably and excitedly, “I had thought nobody would like this type of novel. I was about to give up when you gave me strength

107、.” At this time, there were so many people standing in line that he had to be busy with his work. Therefore, he didnt say too much, just giving me a determined look and telling me to call him as he handed me a note with a telephone number. Considering that maybe he was off duty, I called him. He was

108、 extremely grateful for my calling and said emotionally, “It was your Old Cape House series that inspired me and people around me with confidence to life. Hoping you can continue writing to bring hope and new things to your loyal fans.”I hung up, ending this coincidental connection to a fan reader i

109、n a faraway place. I sank into thought: because of the outbreak of the epidemic, everyones life was deeply affected and couldnt go out. Yes, he was right. It may be a good chance for me to bring a new world and something about adventure to their life. What a kind man! His words were like the warm su

110、nshine to sweep away dark clouds overhead and bring me hope and confidence. Now I think it is time to open my computer and continue writing.【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了作者在办理业务时遇到自己的书迷。作者在书迷的简短几句话中感觉到了自己的写作的意义，让自己在疫情之下的生活多了几分希望。【详解】1. 段落续写由第一段首句内容“我为自己改变了别人的生活而感到震惊。”可知，第一段可描写作者在自己书迷的鼓励下激动的心情以及他们之间的交流和互留电话号码，然后

111、通话。由第二段首句内容“我挂了电话，结束了这段与远方一位读者的巧合联系。”可知，第二段可描写作者挂电话后的思考以及受到鼓励后燃起希望，对自己充满信心。2. 续写线索：作者难以置信留下号码通话陷入思考开始相信自己继续写作3. 词类激活行为类说：murmur/say鼓励：inspire/encourage递给：hand/pass情绪类激动地：excitedly/ emotionally坚定的：determined/firm【点睛】高分句型1 I was about to give up when you gave me strength. (运用了be about to do when句型) 高分句型2 It was your Old Cape House series that inspired me and people around me with confidence to life. (运用了强调句型)