Unit 1 知识讲解--2022-2023学年度八年级英语下册基础知识专项讲练（人教版）.docx

1、Unit 1 Whats the matter ?（知识讲解） Whats the matter？ 【知识详解 】Whats the matter？表示“怎么了/出什么事了？”常用来询问某人患了什么疾病或者遇到了什么麻烦，其后通常用with引出具体询问的对象。【拓展】Whats the matter？的同类句型： Whats wrong with ? Whats up with? Whats the trouble with?=What happened to you？Whats up？Whats the problem？Is there anything wrong with you？【例句

2、】Whats the matter? Bad luck. I lost my pen.你怎么了？运气不好，我把钢笔丢了。have a cold 表示“(患)感冒”【知识详解】have a cold 表示“(患)感冒”。其中have用作及物动词，意为“患(病); 遭受(病痛)”，“ have a/an+疾病名称”表示患病或身体某部位不舒服，不能用于进行时态。【拓展】表达疾病的句型 have a + 疾病例：have a cold 感冒；have a fever 发烧；have a cough 咳嗽 have a + 身体部位-ache例：have a headache 头痛；have a too

3、thache 牙痛 have a sore + 身体部位例：have a sore throat 咽喉痛；have a sore back 背痛Theres something wrong with sbs +身体部位:身体某部位有毛病例：Theres something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有点毛病某人hurt(s) 身体部位: 某人伤着身体某个部位了例：I hurt my foot when I played football.see sb doing / do sth 【知识点详解】see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事”，强调看

4、到的动作正在进行；see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事”，强调看见动作的全过程或看见动作经常发生。【例句】I can see some children playing games. 我能看见一些孩子在玩游戏。I saw him repair his bike. 我看见他修了他的自行车。【拓展】v.sbdoing/do的常见动词：一感(feel)，二听(listen to，hear)，四看(see，look at, watch, notice)get off 表示“下车”【知识点详解 】get off 表示“下车”，多指从公交汽车下来，其后可接宾语，其反义短语为get on。【辨

5、析】get off， get on， get into与 get out ofget off意为“下（汽车、火车、飞机等）”后面常跟较大的交通工具get on意为“登上（汽车，火车等）”get into意为“进入（小汽车，出租车等）”，后面常跟较小的交通工具get out of意为“从（小汽车、出租车等”）下来【例句】When I got on the bus, I saw my teacher sitting there. 当我上公交车的时候，我看见我的老师正坐在那里。He get out of the car and went into the hall. 他从汽车里下来，走进了大厅。wi

6、th / without 的用法【知识点详解 】with“具有，带有”。表示事物所具有的性质、特征，其反义词为without，意为“没有”；without 后接名词、代词宾格或v-ing作宾语，without doing sth.“没有做某事”，动名词作宾语。【例句】China is a country with a long history.中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。She left the room without saying a word. 她一句话没有说就离开了房间。keep 的用法【知识点详解 】keep to oneself：保守秘密keep a secret for sb：

7、为某人保守秘密keep sb或 sth+形容词：使某人（某物）处于一种状态，keep sb或 sth doing sth：使某人（某物）持续干某事 keep on doing sth：坚持干某事keep(sb) from doing sth阻止(某人)做某事=stop(sb) from doing sth例1：His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience 他对登山如此酷爱，甚至在这次断臂经历之后他还继续登山。例2：A did not

8、 give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today A在这次意外之后没有放弃，如今他继续登山。（注意：give up(doing) sth放弃干某事 ）agree意为“同意”agree意为“同意”，动词，其反义词是disagree“不同意”，其名词形式是agreement“同意”。agree with sb.“同意某人”,disagree with sb不同意某人agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。【例句】I agree with you.我同意你的观点。I agree to take

9、 piano lessons.我同意去上钢琴课。thanks to意为“由于、多亏”【知识点详解 】thanks to意为“由于、多亏”。在句中作状语，常位于句首，有时可与with the help of或because of进行同义转换。【例句】Thanks to Mary, I finished the homework on time.多亏了玛丽，我及时完成了作业。【拓展】thanks for意为“因而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing。be/get used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”【知识点详解 】be/get used to doing st

10、h.意为“习惯于做某事”，其后接动名词作宾语。【例句】My grandpa is used to livingin country. 我爷爷习惯居住在农村。【拓展】used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”【知识点详解】have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，动名词作宾语，其同义短语为have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.【例句】We have problems getting

11、to the mountain village before dark.天黑之前我们很难到达山村。run out的用法【知识点详解】 sth. run out“某物被用完，耗尽”，其主语通常是被用尽的时间、食物、金钱等。sb. run out of sth.“某人用完，耗尽”，其主语为表示人的名词或代词，宾语为被用尽的物，相当于use up。【例句】Her money soon ran out. 她的钱很快用完了。I have run out of all my money.我已经用完了所有的钱。【拓展】run out of表示“从中跑出去”。如：A big animal ran out of

12、 the zoo last night.lie用法【知识点详解】(1)lie: 平躺（动词） 撒谎（动词） 位于（动词）(2) 记忆方法： 规则的撒谎： lielied-lying不规则的平躺：lie- lay- lying(3) lay-laid放置产卵（动词）(4) lie in 位于（内部） lie to位于（外部，遥遥相望）例1：I think you should lie down and rest. 我认为你应该躺下休息会儿例2：There is a dog lying in the street. 有只狗躺在街上例3：Qingdao lies in the east of Sha

13、ndong. 青岛位于山东东部例4：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东部expect的用法：【知识点详解】expect期待 expect that期待expect sth（或sb） ：期待某事（期待某人 ）expect sb to do sth：期待某人去做某事，例1：He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. 他希望大部分或所有的乘客下车等下一班车， 例2：He is a person who never changes his m

14、ind so please dont expect him to give up his idea .他是一个不改变主意的人，所以请不要期盼他改变主意，surprise的用法【知识点详解】surprise sb令某人吃惊 in surprise惊奇的to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是be surprised that对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth吃惊地去做某事be surprised at对吃惊give sb a surprise给某人个惊喜例1：Bring A without telling her so that she can be surpris

15、ed. 把A带到聚会上，但是先不要告诉他，这样，她能感到惊喜。例2：To his surprise,they all agreed to go with him令他惊奇的是，他们都同意和他一起去(注意：agree to do sth同意去做某事 agree with sb同意某人的观点) 例3：Mr. Huo is surprised at the surprising news. 霍老师对这个吃惊的消息感到吃惊例4：Mr Huo was surprised to hear his success 听到他成功的消息霍老师感到吃惊例5：Im surprised that Mr.Huo came with a piece of surprising news. 我惊讶于霍老师带了一条令人吃惊的消息.