2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习 Unit 1 Science and Scientists学生用书 新人教版选择性必修第二册.docx

1、UNIT 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS(一)分类识记单词用时少功效高.知其意1cholera n. _2contradictory adj. _3germ n. _4pump n. _5shadow n. _6substantial adj. _ 7statistic npl. _8protein n. _9cell n. _10virus n. _11vaccine n. _12concrete n. _ adj. _13aerospace n. _ 14patriotic adj. _ 15mechanical adj. _16mechanic n. _17aviatio

2、n n. _18missile n. _ 19astronomer n. _20astronomy n. _.写其形1_adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2_adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的3_vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4_ n把手；拉手；柄vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)5_ n联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联6_ adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 7_ vt.投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷8_vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 9_n领导；领导地位；领导才能10_ vt.追溯；追踪；查出n痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 11_adj.优秀的；杰

3、出的；明显的12_ prep.除之外(还)adv.而且；此外13_adv.此外；再者 14_ n改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向15_ vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)16_n彩虹17_adj.抽象的；理性的n. (文献等的)摘要18_n概念；观念核心单词练通1He likes to find_(弱点；过错)with other people, which makes them very unhappy.2In our office, Jim is an absolutely _ (聪颖的) expert in computers, and he always

4、solves the complex problems in a few minutes.3Owing to the environmental pollution, this species of bird is_ (降低) in numbers every year.4Paul has been helping the homeless for over two years and it has greatly_ (使改观)his life.5_(责备)by his teacher，the boy was frustrated and couldnt concentrate on his

5、study.6With no _ (可靠的) evidence, he refused to admit stealing the ladys purse.拓展单词用活.记全记牢1infect vt.使感染；传染_n感染；传染2pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的_v净化3think v认为；思考_n思想；思维；见解4find v发现_n发现；调查结果；(法律)判决5assist vt.帮助；协助；援助_n帮助；协助_n助理；助手6gift n天赋；天分_adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的7steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的_adv.平稳地；持续地8defend vt.保卫；防

6、守；辩解_n防御；保卫9prove vt.证明；证明是_n证据；证明；检验10vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的_ adv.生动地11initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的_adv.起初.用准用活1With solid_，the lawyer can certainly _ that he is innocent.(prove)2In time of war, lots of money will be spent on _ and many measures will be taken to _ a country from being attacked.(defend)3T

7、om is an_ teacher in the college. He often _ the students with their problems and gives _ to any student in need.(assist)4He described _ what he saw in London, giving us a _ picture about peoples life there.(vivid)5_，I entirely knew about the _ steps they took to create a better campus.(initial)6Chi

8、nese classical music is often played by many _ (gift) musicians who play traditional Chinese instruments like guzheng, pipa, xiao and so on.2020新高考山东卷Some individuals are born with a _ (gift) for public speaking.7In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing _ (steady).We

9、 are making slow but _(steady) progress.(二)语境记忆短语不枯燥兴趣高.记全记牢1_ 最终地；彻底地2_ 同意；赞同3_ 幸亏；由于4_ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5_ 主管；掌管6_ 患(病)；染上(小病)7_ 最重要的是；尤其是8_ 对有影响9_ 负有责任10_ 在某人的领导下.用准用活选用左栏短语填空1. Sam is a very modest young man._， he owes his success to everyone around him.2. The reason why I_with a cold was th

10、at I was caught in the rain on the way back home yesterday afternoon.3Henry is_the department, so he knows about the department very well.4_ her mothers love and encouragement, she finally defeated the disease.5Why not communicate directly with him and solve this matter _会积累联想拓展1以“-ship”为后缀的高频名词scho

11、larship奖学金；学问；学术成就friendship 友谊leadership 领导地位relationship 关系hardship 苦难championship 冠军称号2常见英语反义形容词3有无定冠词大相径庭in charge of主管；看管；负责in the charge of被掌管；由负责in control of控制；管理in the control of被控制in possession of占有；拥有in the possession of被占有；为所有(三)仿写用活句式造佳句表达高句式背诵句型1so.that.“如此以至于”He discovered that in two

12、 particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。句型2“have sth. done” 使某事被做Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。句型3 until引导的时间状语从句Cholera used to be

13、 one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。句式仿写1每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。Keeping a learning diary every day is_2今天不上班，所以她终于可以请人把空调修理一下了。She is off work today so she can_ eventually.3我们

14、将推迟去埃及观光，直到那里的局势稳定下来。We will put off going to Egypt for sightseeing_过重难 解惑释疑先练透再写美互动探究1.blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责n指责；责备(1)blame sb. for(doing) sth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人be to blame(for) 应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备(2)lay/put the blame on 把归咎于佳句 Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate m

15、ore and put ourselves in others place. 我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。指津be to blame中不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。练透单句语法填空The boss didnt blame his assistant_the mistake，which was beyond expectations.The boss didnt blame the mistake _ his assistant，which was beyond expectations.It was the professor rather than his as

16、sistant that was _(blame) for what had happened in the lab.写美句式升级Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network. _， Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)2.decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)decrease by 减少了decrease (from.) to (从)减少到decrease i

17、n 在某方面下降(2)on the decrease 在下降；在减少a decrease in sth. 某方面的减少/下降on the increase 正在增加佳句 There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum. 参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。近义lessen, decline反义increase, rise练透单句语法填空Compared with last year, the traffic accidents in the city has decreased _ 30%

18、._ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.写美一句多译由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _3.transform vi.& vt.转化；

19、转换；改造；变换(1)transform.into. 把变成transform sb./sth. from. 把某人/某物从中转变(2) transformation n. 改变；变革佳句 Im fully aware that its the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed me.我充分意识到， 是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。指津常见“trans-”词根的单词有：transplant v移植translate v翻译transmit v传送；传播 transfer v转移；转让练透单句语法填空2020浙

20、江卷7月 New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally _(transform) a way of life that started in the Stone Age.The past ten years has witnessed a great _(transform) of my home town.写美词汇升级Your generous help and tender care turned my first American trip into an unforgettable memory.

21、Your generous help and tender care_ my first American trip into an unforgettable memory.4.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解(1)defend.from/against保护以免受defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫(2)defence n. 防御；保卫in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为)辩护in ones defence 为某人辩护佳句 The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their

22、 country. 这座纪念碑是为了纪念为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵。练透单句语法填空It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child_ harm and danger.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if_ defence.写美读后续写之肢体动作描写看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed _ his son like an arrow.(defend)Se

23、eing the fierce snake，he rushed _ his son like an arrow.(defence)5.in charge of负责/掌管(表状态)(1)in the charge of由来负责；被掌管take charge of 负责/看管(表动作)free of charge 免费(2)charge (sb.) for sth. 为要价charge sb.with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事佳句 Ill be in charge of the whole factory next week when the manager is away.

24、Ill take charge of the whole factory next week when the manager is away.The whole factory will be in the charge of me next week when the manager is away.下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。练透补全句子Im going to visit the museum which _(不收门票) tomorrow morning.You can take as many as you like, because they _ (免费).He _ (被指控谋

25、杀) and sentenced to death.写美应用文之活动安排作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to _ during your stay in Tianjin.6.above all最重要的是；尤其是(1)after all 毕竟；终究(2)all in all 整体说来；总而言之(3)in all 全部；合计(4)first of all 首先(5)at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟佳句 If you want to be pop

26、ular，above all，join in our class activities and make a contribution to our class if possible.如果你想受欢迎， 首先， 参加我们的班级活动， 如果可能的话对班级做些贡献。练透用all的相关短语填空If you want to achieve success, _， you must be strict with yourself.I was very upset to find out that he didnt like my gift _The little girl was anxious and

27、 began to tremble. _， it was the first time that she had been on the stage.写美应用文之申请信全国卷书面表达最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。_， I have a good command of English, so I_7.句型公式：have宾语过去分词(短语)Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。(1)have sth. do

28、ne让别人做某事；将某事做完have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态(2)cant/couldnt have sb. doing sth. 不允许某人做某事(否定句)(3)have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)佳句 Now that you have realized that your time is limited，you must study harder to have your goal achieved.既然你已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。

29、练透单句语法填空The boss had me _ (set) down what people present at the meeting said.He was very funny and had us _ (laugh) all the way.He could not have her _(get) away with telling people lies.写美应用文之新闻报道2020全国，书面表达我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。We began to help pick peaches and then_8.句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句Cholera

30、used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(1)not.until.意为“直到才”，引导时间状语从句；(2)在not.until.句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序；(3)not.until.句型的强调句式为It is/was not until.that.。佳句She didnt

31、go to bed until she finished her homework.她直到做完作业，才去睡觉。练透单句语法填空2021新高考卷读后续写 Everything was going smoothly _Jeff started frying the bread.It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing _ I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.写美一句多译直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)I wasnt aware

32、 that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened _ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句) 刷题强训精题细作 (维度1)词形转换12021天津3月卷 After letting go of his anger and _(frustrate), he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.22020新高考全国卷Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid de

33、scription of the _ (pure) of Central Asian traditions.3The polluted river is the living_ (prove) of the environmental pollution caused by the chemical factory.4Given that the driver injured the passer-by, he was so _ (severe) punished that his parents were _(frustrate).5Much to our joy, his health i

34、s getting _ (steady) better with time going by.6If you are short in money but still want the bicycle, ask the shop_ (assist) to reduce the price.(维度2)固定用法和搭配在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1At that time, people were advised to stay at home to reduce the risk of getting_ (infect).2Over the past decades, sea

35、ice has been_ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.3She listened，_(shift) nervously from one foot to another. 4When she saw her efforts paid off，tears of happiness _(pour) down Janes cheeks.5What made the assistant annoyed was that he _(suspect) of stealing his money.6In reality,

36、 experts believe that the illness _ (link) to the use of chemical pesticide.7He declined his invitation not because I was busy_because I was not interested in such gatherings.8Thanks _ her patience and efforts, she finally contacted the man who was _ charge of the company.(维度3)根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用

37、词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇_ (出生在苏格兰)，Alexander Fleming was brought up by his mother and his elder brother. Supported by them，the brilliant boy got educated in a medical school in London._ (大学毕业之后)，he made great contributions to medical science，but _ (正是他发现了青霉素) earned him a lasting reputation. Once and for all，

38、he was known for that achievement，_ (为此他获得了诺贝尔奖).It is clear that Fleming is one of the most outstanding scientists in history.测效果 素养提能先提能再培优素养落实提能一熟词生义12020江苏卷They shifted their viewpoints frequently. _2全国卷 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “

39、sorry，wrong number！” _32020天津7月卷 “Small does not mean weak，sir，” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay (黏土) figure would not exhaust my strengthand that is what I intend to do！” _提能二读后续写微技能动作描写之arm动“手臂”日

40、积月累wave ones arms挥动某人的双臂， fold ones arms 某人双臂交叉， take ones arm 挽住某人的胳膊， catch/grab ones arm 抓住某人的胳膊， pull sb. into ones arms 拉某人进怀， hold out/open ones arms 某人伸出/张开双臂， put/throw ones arms around sb. 搂住某人， keep sb. at arms length 同某人保持一定距离， with crossed arms 双臂交叉， with open arms 双臂张开(欢迎), arm in arm 手

41、挽手1.按要求用与“arm”相关的表达补全下面各句他向前跑着，挥动着双臂。He ran to the door，_. (分词作状语)她站在那里，双臂交叉，看上去很生气。_ looking very angry. (with 复合结构)他微笑着伸出/张开双臂。_ smiling. (简单句)她转过身，和他保持一定的距离。_ (简单句)他只得走近她，伸出一只手抓住她的左胳膊。He had to approach her and_. (动作描写)他挽住她的胳膊，低声道歉说：“对不起”。_ whispering an apology, “Im sorry.” (简单句)他们手挽手走回家。_ (简单句)

42、2将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇_选择性必修第二册UNIT 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS过基础晨读晚练(一)分类识记单词识记单词写对.知其意1霍乱2.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的3.微生物；细菌；病菌4.泵；抽水机；打气筒5.阴影；影子；背光处6.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的7.统计数字；统计资料；统计学8.蛋白质9细胞；小房间；单间牢房10.病毒11.疫苗12.混凝土混凝土制的；确实的；具体的13.航空航天工业14爱国的15.机械的；发动机的；机器的16.机械师；机械修理工17.航空制造业；航空；飞行18.导弹19.天文学家20.天文学.写其形1

43、severe2.frustrated3.suspect4handle5.link6.raw7.cast8.pour9leadership10.trace11.outstanding12besides13.furthermore14.shift15subscribe16.rainbow17.abstract18concept核心单词练通1fault2.brilliant3.decreasing4transformed5.Blamed6.solid拓展单词用活.记全记牢1infection2.purify3.thinking4finding5.assistanceassistant6gifted7

44、.steadily8.defense/defence9.proof10.vividly11.initially.用准用活1proofprove2.defencedefend3assistantassistsassistance4vividlyvivid5.Initiallyinitial6giftedgift7.steadilysteady(二)语境记忆短语.记全记牢1once and for all2.subscribe to3thanks to4.break out5.in charge ofe down7.above all8.have an impact on9.be to blame

45、10.under ones leadership.用准用活1Above all2.came down3.in charge of4.Thanks to5.once and for all(三)仿写用活句式1so important that I would like to introduce it to you2have the air conditioner repaired3until the situation there becomes stable过重难解惑释疑1foronto blameBlamed for the breakdown of the school computer

46、network2byTo decreaseis on the decreaseis decreasing3transformedtransformationtransformed4frominto defendin defence of5doesnt charge for admissionare free of chargewas charged with murderbe in charge of/take charge of arranging all the activities6above allat allAfter allAbove allhave no difficulty i

47、n communicating with others7setlaughinggettinghad them delivered to the farmers houses8untilthatuntil I experienced the accidentNot until I experienced the accident was I aware that刷题强训精题细作维度11frustration2.purest3.proof4severelyfrustrated5.steadily6.assistant维度21infected2.on3.shifting4.poured5was su

48、spected6.is linked7.but8.toin维度3Born in ScotlandAfter graduating from collegeit was his discovery of penicillin thatfor which he received a Nobel Prize测效果素养提能提能一1vt.改变(观点或态度等)2.n.电池3.v.辩解提能二1waving his armsShe stood there with her arms crossed/foldedHe held out/opened his armsShe turned around and k

49、ept him at arms length.reached out to catch/grab her left armHe took her armThey walked home arm in arm.2参考范文He ran to the door, waving his arms. However, she stood there with her arms crossed/folded, looking very angry. He held out/opened his arms, smiling. She turned around and kept him at arms length. He had to approach her and reached out to catch/grab her left arm. He took her arm, whispering an apology，“Im sorry.” Finally, they walked home arm in arm.