2021届高考英语一轮复习专项点拨专题01高考阅读理解总括和做题步骤.doc

1、高考阅读理解目录一. 高考阅读注意事项21.以意群为单位，成组视读22.重视文章框架结构23.积累词语。2二高考阅读理解四项能力考查2三阅读理解做题步骤33.1读题干，划关键词33.2读文章，做标记43.2.1标记篇章主旨43.2.2标记段落主旨103.2.3标记常见7大答案出处点13一. 高考阅读注意事项1.以意群为单位，成组视读英语阅读不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是根据意群，一组组的进行扫视。英语中主要有三大意群：介词短语，从句，非谓语动词。尤其阅读长难句时，可以把意群用括号标出，然后就比较容易找到句子主干，从而能比较准确的理解句意方向。这是一种高超的阅读能力，非以一贯之的坚持和大量的阅读

2、不能够习得。2.重视文章框架结构我们常有这样的情况：句子都能看懂，但读完文章印象却不深，这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢？首先，要重视文章的标题和主旨大意。接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的段意3.积累词语。高考阅读读词汇具有高频性和重复性。我们要坚持把阅读中的生词或者搭配短语抄到小本子上，每天有空时，就拿出这小本子背诵记忆。前期由于单词量比较大，难度会比较大，但是由于考点词汇的重复性，在后面的文章中我们会时不时接触，这样通过反复记忆，词汇量就增加得很快。 二高考阅读理解四项能力考查信息筛选能力细节理解题信息加工处理能力推理判断题信息归纳总结能力主旨大意题词汇猜测能力

3、词义猜测题三阅读理解做题步骤3.1读题干，划关键词关键词1：5W1H人物/ 地点/ 时间/ 机构/ 组织 /大写字母/数字 1.Professor John Beaths lectures are .2.Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race? 3.Londonhas become the second most expensive city because of_4.Which of the following is true of Wingspan Arts? 5.D was created for . 关键词2：敏感词（唯一信息

4、）： 最高级/序数词/only/unique/ special/main/ major 1.Which of the following is the most important for the childcare job?2.What should you consider first while sailing?3.The honey guide is special in the way .4.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?关键词3：连词（逻辑关系） 1.Sophia wrote a letter to St

5、 Andrews University because she wanted 2.According to the author. we are more creative when we are_.关键词4：具体意义的名词，动词，形容词【优选名词，动词，最好所有名词都找到，其次形副】 1.Which of the following is true of cell phone users? 2. What should schoolsdo to help the problem schoolboys?3. What is important for successful small talk

6、 according to Carducci?4. How should parents encourage their children to read more?5.Mother trees are extremely important because they .6. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?7. Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by _.3.2读文章，做标记问

7、：读文章，读什么？答：读主旨（篇章主旨和段落主旨）；读细节（抓关键细节点）。问：做标记，在哪里做？答：标记篇章主旨句；标记段落主旨句；标记常见答案出处关键细节点。3.2.1标记篇章主旨任何文章都会有自己的主旨要义，即文章的主题，是否能够把握住文章的主题是理解一篇文章的关键。因此，出题人为了考查学生对文章的理解程度，必然会以各种方式考查文章的主题。1）篇章主题句位置总括：首段首句型：主题句具体的陈述(信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides;

8、one, the other; some, others等。)首段尾句型：开头列举事实主题句（信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently; in conclusion，in short; in a word, to sum up）中段型：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释;或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。尾段型：尾段总结概括（信号词so, the

9、refor, thus, in short , as a result, that is why）首尾呼应型：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。无明确主题句型：各段中心句总结相加法或者语文总结中心思想法。2）体裁：议论文，科普说明文，应用文（广告指南，新闻，通知）文章主旨都出现在比较明显的位置，可以将之归纳为一目了然型。标记方法【3+1法则】。即通过文章的【标题、首段、尾段

10、】及【高频词】。说明文（introductiondescription（example/comparison/classification）conclusion）要求先明确文章的说明对象议论文（opinionarguments（facts/examples/theory）conclusion）要明确作者的观点和意图,能读懂最好,读不懂就看题,回文中找相关句子,看选项和文中的句子是否大体符合,推荐用排除法.3）体裁：故事类记叙文（理解故事的含义和它想说明的道理）和传记类文章（时间是全文的关键） 1. 看首段：故事开始前作者对后文有一些概括性的描述2. 尾段完整概括: 通过对文章的整个内容的概括,

11、 进行主旨题的思考3. 常见故事类记叙文主旨：1.故事升华到真善美哲理 2.分享一个经历 3.娱乐【典例分析】11. Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.2. One of the studies looked at nea

12、rly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedrooms TVs.3. A second study, looking at nearly 1,000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had

13、watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results dont prove that TV is the cause and dont rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters(年轻人)may watch lots of TV.4. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15. Those with college degrees had watched an average of l

14、ess than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.5. In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest, while those with no bedroom TV but who had

15、home computers scored the highest.6. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms.What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or Television. B. Effects of Television on Chi

16、ldren. C. Studies on TV and College Education. D. Television and Childrens Learning Habits. 21. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it i

17、s viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.2. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and value

18、s, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. 3.Music provides a kind of

19、perception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive(情感的)meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.4. The a

20、rts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are w

21、ays we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.5. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be

22、human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. 6. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Music education deserves more attention.B. Music should be o

23、f top education priority.C. Music is an effective communication tool.D. Music education makes students more imaginative.31.Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for

24、 years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle, twinkle

25、, little star or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.2.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.3.In childhood we usually conti

26、nue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.4.The mul

27、tiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.5.The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a pass

28、ing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future developme

29、nt.41.Going green seems to be fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we cant really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.2.On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green t

30、hings, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.3.With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My life and I de

31、cided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.4.Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyle. We

32、now shop at organic(有机的)stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the sm

33、ell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.6.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help ou

34、r planet.What might be the best title for the passage?A. Going Green.B. Protecting the Planet.C. Keeping Open-MindedD. Celebrating Our Green Year.51.ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia, my husband, Rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me

35、 and our children.2.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.3.He reported the case to the polic

36、e and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.4.Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name

37、and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.5.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a

38、pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.6.That family not only restored

39、the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

40、 D. In Search of New Friends. 61.Children of all ages gathered in New York City recently for the International Toy pair. Hidden among already popular toys were new, high-tech educational products. Toymakers are working to create these products for improving a childs emotional intelligence.2.Companie

41、s showed off their products last week at New Yorks Jacob Javitz Convention Center.3.PleIQ is a set of plastic toy blocks. It uses visual reality technology to teach words, numbers and other things, Edison Durn directs the company that makes PleIQ. She showed people at the toy fair how virtual images

42、 appear on the blocks when they are held in front of a tablet camera, PleIQ has children act as teacher or guide to a companion character.4.On the other side of the convention center, Karen Hu from another company demonstrated an educational robot called Woobo. The robot comes programmed with educat

43、ional games and activities. Children use its touch screen face to get them started. Hu described how the robot can help a child who has autism (自闭症). “The child can communicate with Woobo and follow some of the instructions Woobo is giving because he thinks of this as a companion instead of a parent

44、 or someone else telling him to certain things.”5.At the EQtainment stand，sales director Jonathan Erickson explained the companys toys. “The purpose of all of our products is to develop emotional and social intelligence” he said Erickson showed off a board game called “Qs Race to the Top”. He said t

45、he game got his 4-year-old daughter to open up. “The biggest thing is her talking. And thats the key of all thisgetting her feelings expressed out. Like, Hey, what does it feel like to be sad? Or how does it feel like to be happy?”6.It remains to be seen whether a game or toy can improve emotional i

46、ntelligence. But toymakers are doing what they can to help parents in their efforts to raise well-rounded children.What is the best title of the text?A. Toys help to build emotional intelligence B. Educational toys sell well in the Toy FairC. Toymakers are making profits in education D. Children cel

47、ebrate the International Toy Fair3.2.2标记段落主旨【段落首句、段落尾句具有概括性和深刻性的段落主题句】及【高频词】。1）第一句是中心句：即第一句是中心，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利

48、用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。2）第二句是中心句：第一句是过渡句。第二句与第一句存在转折关系（but, however, yet, in fact）或者递进关系（moreover, after all, indeed）3）句尾是中心句：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，so that, therefore，thus，consequentl

49、y; in conclusion，in short; in a word, to sum up；all in all; generally等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。4）没有明显的中心句：充分发挥语文总结中心思想能力，能用最简洁的一两个词概括总结出段落主旨大意。【典例分析】1A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwest

50、ern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an averag

51、e of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall mostly with their dogs and found it worth doing.2My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she commented that Marlon Brando was we

52、aring jeans so long ago. Of course, he helped set the trend, so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion. Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long. The Wild One is a good example: it appeared in 1954, starring Brando. Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jack

53、et, leather cap and jeans, he created a look which is still considered “cool” today. Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.3Three Square Market says the chip cannot track the employees. The company says scanners can read the chips only when th

54、ey are within a few inches of them. “The chips protect against identity theft, similar to credit cards.” The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.4If the cell phone has truly had these effects, its because it h

55、as become very widespread. Consider that in 1987, there were only 1 million cell phones in use. Today, something like 300 million Americans carry them. They far outnumber wired phones in the United States.5Although still quite young, grime seems to be getting favored by more and more people. In 2016

56、, the English grime artist Skepta won the Mercury Prize with his album Konnichiwa, beating big names like David Bowie and Radiohead. However, no matter whether grime is one day accepted by the mainstream music world or not, one thing is for sure: in grime, singers always stay true to themselves.6The

57、 market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red

58、tomatoes.7The citys “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel. “Th

59、eres a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a caf La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says shed like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, t

60、hese cafes wouldnt exist,” she says. “If life werent a battle, people wouldnt need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldnt be France.8While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be

61、able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.9Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read ever

62、ything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. Theres so much to learn, hed say. Though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.10Therere a fe

63、w things I learned while doing these 30-day challenges. The first was the time was much more memorable. This was part of a challenge I did to take a picture every day. I also noticed that as I started to do more and harder 30-day challenges, my self-recognition grew. I went from a desk-dwelling nerd

64、 (电脑迷) to the kind of guy who likes to work. 11 Food production does great harm to our environment. There are many procedures involved in the manufacture of food that result in greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Some procedures require the consumption of large amounts of fossil fuels, such as th

65、e transportation and storage of food products. Other factors that cause great damage to our environment include the overuse of fresh water.3.2.3标记常见7大答案出处点掌握高考阅读常见答案出处点，就能快速找到出题者要考的30%的有效信息。第1点：从转折处找答案 作者常常会借用转折词引出某项重要的事实或观点，转折词之后的内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的、观点或态度。阅读理解中常见的表示转折关系的连词或副词有however, but, yet, while

66、, though, although等。另外，indeed, instead，in fact，today, now也常常用来表示前后语义的转折，另外有时副词suddenly, unfortunately 也能提示前后语义转折。【典例分析】1Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didnt have much money. T

67、hey moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Dannys mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene

68、did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family _.A. started a business in 1975B. left Vietnam without much moneyC. bought a restaurant in San FranciscoD. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles2The

69、more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.We can learn from the las

70、t paragraph that social robots will _. A. train employees B. be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workers第2点：从对比、比较处找答案阅读文章中的对比常常表现为新老观点的对比、错误与正确观念的对比、新事物与旧事物的对比等，而比较则常常表现为两种或多种事物的优点、缺点、用途、功能、原理等特点的比较。这些对比或比较关系经常受到出题人的青睐。阅读理解中常见的表示对比或比较关系的词或短语有while, whereas（然而）, than, like, s

71、ame, just as, compared with, by comparison（相比之下）, by contrast（相比之下）, eitheror, not onlybut also, bothand, exception（例外）等。解题时要留意这些词或短语，并注意出现比较级、最高级的地方，另外要注意搞清对比或比较对象。1When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink suns

72、ets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetableswas a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.What made the authors ge

73、tting up late early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B. Breathing in fresh air.C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmers market.2 To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawye

74、r, personal trainer and entertainer. being a part-time lawyer, at 48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”, with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing abou

75、t motherhood.Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mothers Day. The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but child

76、ren are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from . A. emotional demand B. low pay for work C. heavy workload D. lack of training3People have long puzzled over how the Egypt

77、ians moved such huge rocks. And heres no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid th

78、e blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by

79、building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by _.A. rolling them on roads B. pushing them over the sandC. sliding them on smooth paths D. dragging them on some poles4West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks, bu

80、t he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?A. Because more force is needed for sliding.B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.C. Becaus

81、e sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.D. Because less preparation on path is needed for rolling.5Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. K

82、itchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.54Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy？_AAmicrowaveovencanbeused BCookinginstudentroomsispermittedC.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthek

83、itchen D. Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking6While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriate

84、ly to the user.How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can control their emotions. B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework. D. They respond to users more slowly第3点：从并列、列举、举例处找答案并列、列举处是指用First(ly)Second(ly)Third(ly)Finally; Not onlybut also; In addition; Fur

85、thermore; Moreover; Above all; On the one hand, on the other hand等表示顺承或并列关系的词语列举出的一系列并列的事实情况。并列处和列举处是考查事实细节的主要设题题眼。为了使自己的观点更具说服力、更加明确，作者还经常会使用举例的方法来进行论证，常由as, such as, for example, for instance, takeas an example等引出，这些例子经常会成为出题人设题的焦点。【典例分析】1Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve

86、 physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, its not only great for improving physical health but for psych

87、ological health. Its an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more

88、effective than going to the gym alone.The first paragraph focuses on _.A. the greatest challenge of group exerciseB. the most effective way to improve physical fitnessC. the contribution of group exercise to psychological healthD. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups2The Jibo robo

89、t, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in

90、the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. Communicate with you and perform operations.B. Answer your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver mil

91、k.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.第4点：从文章观点态度处找答案文章中表达作者对于某人或某事物的观点或态度的地方、涉及其他人或组织结构的观点，态度，论断、陈述及其研究发现的地方也常受出题人青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现said ,argue（主张，认为）, suspect（怀疑是）, show, find，suggest, according to, believe, imply（暗指；表明）conclude, doubt, appreciate, hate, against, important, beneficial等观点态

92、度的词语的地方，以及一些有感情色彩的特殊句式（祈使句、感叹句、反问句等），来表达他人或组织机构的论【典例分析】1According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information s

93、o that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research? A. We are using memory differently.B. We are becoming m

94、ore intelligent.C. We have poorer memories than before.D. We need a better way to access information.2If youre serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, its extremely important to surround yourself with people wholl provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldnt scold anyone for d

95、eciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldnt expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog

96、 together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary _. A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle B. to party on weekends with positive people C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D. to

97、 surround yourself with supportive people3At the EQtainment stand，sales director Jonathan Erickson explained the companys toys. “The purpose of all of our products is to develop emotional and social intelligence” he said Erickson showed off a board game called “Qs Race to the Top”. He said the game

98、got his 4-year-old daughter to open up. “The biggest thing is her talking. And thats the key of all thisgetting her feelings expressed out. Like, Hey, what does it feel like to be sad? Or how does it feel like to be happy?”What does Jonathan Erickson think of his toys?A. They are quite easy to opera

99、te.B. They can teach children numbers.C. They help kids express themselves well. D. They can show their emotions clearly. 第5点：从因果关系处找答案两个事件内在的因果关系常常成为出题人的设题点，一般来说，这种题有两种形式：给出原因推结果或是给出结果找原因。能够体现因果关系的词语包括连词because(since, as, for，since), so等；副词thus, therefore, hence, accordingly（因此；所以）, consequently等；另

100、外，还包括动词以及短语cause，result in, result from, lead to以及形容词与介词连用的短语due to和介宾短语as a result以及 one of the reasons was, The results are等等。【典例分析】1There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankin

101、d. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? A. Their behavior. B. Their size.

102、 C. Their number. D. Their weight-2Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned a

103、bout the world beyond his tiny hometown. Theres so much to learn, hed say. Though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.What do we know from the first paragraph?A. The authors father was born in a workers fami

104、ly.B. Those born stupid could not change their life.C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.D. The poor could hardly afford school education.3Their cheery song brightens many a winters day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all nigh

105、t一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say. David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds biological clock, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep. Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras ins

106、ide nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they

107、are at night.According to Dr Dominonis study, what causes robins to sing so much? A. The breeding season. B. The light in modem C. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from heavy machinery.4Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment,

108、 and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold and brave and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure

109、 stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mig

110、hty forces.C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success.5In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you m

111、ay crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. Whats the likely result of dieting?A. The increase of food desire. B. The decrease of chemicals. C. The refusal of fat and sugar. D. The disappearance of appetit

112、e. 第6点：从特殊标点处找答案特殊标点符号主要包括：破折号（主要表解释或补充说明）；括号（主要表解释）；冒号（主要表解释或列举）；引号（主要表引用或引号内内容有特殊含义）；分号（主要表并列或进一步解释说明）等等。出题人经常会针对这些特殊标点的前后内容设题，考查考生对特殊标点含义及其前后内容的准确理解。1UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of usever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competin

113、g for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition depending on who needs it.The underlined sentence the opposite is true in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees.A

114、compete for survival Bprotect their own wealthCdepend on each other Dprovide support for dying trees2My hip had been hurting me for years before I went to the doctor. Of course, it was free. She referred me to a surgeon, but the earliest appointment was in 10 months. That is what being free gets you

115、. Ten months later, after some free X-rays, the surgeon told me I needed a surgery, which was about an 18-month wait, for some senior citizens had been on the operation list. Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeons office.What can we infer from the second paragraph?A. She felt rather

116、 disappointed. B. She couldnt walk because of the pain.C. She was too scared to have the surgery. D. She didnt believe what the surgeon said.第7点：常见可以表目的的词或短语处找答案如to do, in order to in exchange for，aimed at, want to, hope to, intend to处找答案1When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told the

117、m that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about fam

118、ily unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show _.A. the strength of family unityB. the difficulty of growing upC. the advantage of chopsticksD. the best way of giving a lesson2A caf society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldnt seem mo

119、re un-French. But Lehannes psychology caf is about more than knowing oneself: Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generations desire to spend

120、 more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs. B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business. D.

121、 Serve the neighborhood.3And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just o

122、ne of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.Why did Dad clean Old Man MoColgins chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family. B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell. D. To set a good example to us.

123、4One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem inability to read.The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to_.A. encourage him to do more

124、walking B. let him spend a meaningful summerC. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons5The cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollars, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people. Now the project is aim

125、ed at developing additional abilities for the cat. Researchers at Browns Humanity-Centered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include finding lost objects

126、 and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars. Whats the purpose of the project?A. To relieve the pain of the elderly. B. To promote the sales of a medicine. C. To help make the robotic cat smarter. D. To invent a robotic cat for the elderly.