2021_2022版高中英语单元素养评价一Unit1Greatscientists含解析新人教版必修5202103091244.doc

1、单元素养评价(一)Unit 1(120分钟150分)第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Text 1W: Look at my new car! M: Thats not a car. Its a toy, and youre still taking the bus to school. W: Well, its a model of the car Im going

2、 to buy when I get my first job. It helps me want to work harder. 1. What makes the girl study harder? A. To get a toy. B. To work as a model. C. To earn money for a car. 答案: CText 2W: This is the same block we drove down two minutes ago. Youre lost. M: Im not. You just wrote down the wrong address.

3、 Lets just park and walk towards that tall building. Surely someone on the road can point the way. 2. What does the man want to do? A. Stop to ask for directions. B. Drive to the tall building. C. Write the correct address himself. 答案: AText 3W: Well, Im calling about the Wildlife Protection Group I

4、 belong to. Were looking for more people to join, especially men. And I thought you might be interested. M: Oh. You know how much I love wildlife, but this is my last year in the middle school. Im quite busy with my lessons. 3. What does the man mean? A. He has no interest in wildlife. B. He is sorr

5、y to fail the exam. C. He wont join the group. 答案: CText 4M: Can I help you? W: Yes, we want to go to Chinatown. M: OK. You can take a taxi. Its about a ten-minute ride, and the fare is three dollars. Or you could walk. Itll probably take you twenty minutes. W: OK. Thats what well do. Its free and g

6、ood exercise, too. 4. How will the woman get to Chinatown? A. On foot. B. By underground. C. By taxi. 答案: AText 5W: Hi, Harry. Youre taking a camera for tomorrows trip, arent you? M: Yes. And I have asked Max to bring pens and paper. You know our teacher wants us to take notes. 5. Who will take pens

7、 and paper tomorrow? A. Harry. B. Max. C. The teacher. 答案: B第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。Text 6W: Do you want a ride? M: Yes, thank you. I know its not good to get a free

8、ride from a stranger, but I hope. . . W: Dont worry about it. So where are you from? M: I am from Italy. Ive been travelling for a few months now. Ive gone through Germany, France, Belgium, England, and then I took a boat over here. W: Thats nice. Where have you been so far in America? M: Ive been t

9、o San Francisco, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and now I am going across to the other coast. 6. Who is the man talking with? A. A friend. B. A stranger. C. A tour guide. 答案: B7. In which country are the speakers? A. America. B. Germany. C. Italy. 答案: A听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。Text 7M: I just saw Professor Black. H

10、e finished the budget for our concert tour. Its going to cost $1, 500 per person. W: Where are we going to get that kind of money? M: It sounds like a lot, but by the time you add up the air fare, meals and hotels, its pretty reasonable. W: But I doubt well all be able to go. Remember there were 32

11、people in the band last year. M: We can make it. For our last trip, we got some money from some companies. W: Who was in charge of money raising? M: Mary. She took care of it last time. 8. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Expenses of a concert tour. B. A coming concert. C. A travel exp

12、erience. 答案: A9. What will Mary probably do? A. Act as a director. B. Leave for a vacation. C. Take charge of money raising. 答案: C听第8段材料, 回答第1012题。Text 8W: What happened to your car? M: I parked it in the parking lot an hour ago, and when I went out of the shopping centre, I found it was knocked int

13、o. Judging from the size of the dent, maybe it was from a shopping cart. W: Those shopping carts are dangerous, especially the metal ones. I dont park at a store that uses metal shopping carts. M: Thats a good idea, but there was a good sale at this store. W: Did you save any money on the sale? M: Y

14、es, I did. I saved about $50. W: Thats great. M: Yes, but this dent will cost about $150. 10. What happened to the car? A. Something knocked into it. B. It ran a red light. C. It was fined for speeding. 答案: A11. Why did the man park at the store? A. Parking was free there. B. There was a sale nearby

15、. C. He bought the parking space. 答案: B12. How much will the man pay for the repair? A. $50. B. $100. C. $150. 答案: C听第9段材料, 回答第1316题。Text 9M: Hello, Betty. Its me, Tim. Am I calling at a bad time? W: No, not really. M: I have invited some of my friends to dinner at my house this evening. I thought m

16、aybe youd like to come, too. W: Well, that sounds good, but Im afraid Ive got to do some reading for my English course at home. M: Today is Friday. Youve got to relax and enjoy yourself on the weekend. W: I know. But there is a lot of reading to do. Besides, I really ought to do my washing this even

17、ing. M: Then would you like to come just for a drink later on instead? W: Actually, Id like to go to bed early tonight. Im a bit tired. M: OK. Have a good rest. Ill call you again tomorrow. W: Dont call me early. I usually sleep until 9: 00 on Saturdays. M: What? Thatll be too late for our country d

18、rive. W: Did I say Id go with you for a drive to the country? M: No, but I have already planned everything. W: Listen, Tim, I like to plan my own days myself. 13. What is the man going to do this evening? A. Do some reading. B. Host his friends. C. Do some washing. 答案: B14. What does the woman plan

19、to do in the evening? A. Stay at home. B. Hold a dinner party. C. Have a drink with the man. 答案: A15. What should the woman do on the weekend in the mans opinion? A. Take some exercise. B. Have a good sleep. C. Have fun. 答案: C16. When does the woman usually get up on Saturdays? A. At 7: 00. B. At 8:

20、 00. C. At 9: 00. 答案: C听第10段材料, 回答第1720题。Text 10M: Well, Monica, Im sure youll enjoy working here. Im the librarian. Were open from half past eight in the morning until eight in the evening but youre not expected to be here all that time. You start working at a quarter to nine and finish at a quarte

21、r past five, OK? Now, students arent allowed to bring large bags into the library. But staff can bring their bags in and leave them in the office. You have an hour for lunch. But I dont like staff eating in the library. Of course you can have a cup of coffee there while youre working. If you bring s

22、andwiches for lunch, theres a common room downstairs where you can eat them. If you want to buy lunch, Id recommended the dining room upstairs. There are cafs in the town center but its a bit of rush to get there and back in an hour though theyre cheap. OK. Any questions? 17. When will Monica work i

23、n the library? A. From 8: 30 am to 8: 00 pm. B. From 8: 45 am to 5: 15 pm. C. From 9: 10 am to 4: 45 pm. 答案: B18. What can Monica do in the library? A. Have drinks. B. Read books. C. Talk to students. 答案: A19. Where should Monica go to have her own sandwiches for lunch? A. The speakers office. B. Th

24、e dining room. C. The common room. 答案: C20. Why doesnt the speaker recommend cafs in the town center? A. They are crowded. B. They are far away. C. They are expensive. 答案: B第二部分阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)A(2020商丘高二检测)Online Event: What Happened at the Big Bang(爆炸)? Over the past few dec

25、ades, weve made unbelievable discoveries about how our universe developed over the past 13. 8 billion years. But we still know very little about what happened in the first seconds after the big bang. In the latest New Scientist online event, the speaker Dan Hooper will examine how physicists are usi

26、ng experiments to re-create the conditions of the big bang, and to deal with mysteries like how our universe came to contain so much matter and so little antimatter. Early bird ticket offer 12, and your ticket includes: Live lecture lasting 40 minutesQuestion & Answer with Dan HooperOn-demand access

27、 to a recording of the lecture and Q & A, available(可得到的)to watch for 12 months An additional 40-minute physics lecture About the speaker: Dan Hooper is a senior scientist and the head of the theoretical astrophysics group at the Fermi National Accelerator Lab, as well as a professor of the Universi

28、ty of Chicago. He is especially interested in questions about dark matter and the early universe. Event information: This online event will start at 6 pm on Thursday, July 9 and will last for about one hour. Access to a recording of the event will be available from July 10 to ticket buyers for the 1

29、2 months following the live event. Booking information: Tickets are only refundable(可退还的)if New Scientist stops this event. New Scientist Ltd has the right to change the event and its arrangement, or stop the event. Tickets are only available in advance through New Scientist website. 【文章大意】本文是应用文。文章

30、是关于新科学家杂志将举办的一次在线活动的安排的介绍。21. What benefit can the ticket buyers enjoy? A. Interviewing the speaker face to face. B. Taking someone else to attend the lecture. C. Getting a video tape of a 40-minute physics lecture. D. Watching a recording of the event within one year. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Event informati

31、on部分中的介绍“Access to a recording of the event will be available from July 10 to ticket buyers for the 12 months following the live event. ” 可知, 从7月10日开始, 现场活动之后的12个月即一年内, 购票者都可以上网观看该活动的录播。22. What can we know about Dan Hooper? A. He works at a university. B. He is a world-famous writer. C. He is the h

32、ead of New Scientist Ltd. D. His study focuses on questions about online events. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据About the speaker部分中介绍“Dan Hooper is a senior scientist and the head of the theoretical astrophysics group at the Fermi National Accelerator Lab, as well as a professor of the University of Chicago”可知, Da

33、n Hooper应该在芝加哥大学工作。23. What do you have to do if you want to attend the event? A. Get in touch with Hooper. B. Buy a ticket ahead of time. C. Arrive before 6 pm on the day. D. Get permission from the organizer. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Booking information部分中介绍“Tickets are only available in advance through New

34、 Scientist website. ”可知, 如果你想参加这个活动, 必须通过新科学家网站提前购买门票。B(2020成都高二检测)Scientists believe they could bring the likes of dodos(渡渡鸟)back from the dead through cloning experiments in the near future which could see the flightless birds revived from their extinction. The big bird, which was about a metre ta

35、ll and weighed up to 18 kilograms, was native to Mauritius but became extinct in the 1600s, shortly after humans discovered the island. However, 400 years later, scientists now believe that they could bring the dodo back to life through cloning of some of its closest living relatives. Scientists rec

36、ently published a paper which identified the overall genomic structure of dinosaurs. The team achieved this by tracing the ancestors (祖先)of birds the dinosaurs closest living relatives to create the genomic structure. Researchers involved in the study say it is an emphatic no when it comes to the po

37、ssibility of ever being able to clone dinosaurs, but they do say that more recently extinct birds like the carrier pigeon and the dodo could be brought back due to the fact that they have such close living relatives. University of Kent scientists Darren Griffin and Rebecca OConnor wrote in an articl

38、e for The Conversation: “We discovered that birds and most flightless dinosaurs had a lot of chromosomes (packages of DNA). Having so many allows animals to generate variation, the driver of natural selection. ”“However, though it is a long shot, it may be possible in future to use Jurassic Park tec

39、hnology to help avoid some of the harm that humans have caused. Mankind has seen the extinction of well-known avian dinosaurs such as the dodo and the passenger pigeon. ”“Recovery(恢复)of DNA that is only a few hundred years old from these birds is a far more realistic way. It may also be that eggs fr

40、om closely related living species might just be good enough. In the right conditions we may be able to use them to resurrect some of these species from extinction. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道, 主要介绍了科学家希望通过克隆实验, 在不久的将来, 让这种不会飞的渡渡鸟从灭绝中复活。24. What can we learn about dodos? A. They flew to Mauritius in the 1600s.

41、B. They could be used to clone pigeons. C. They would die out in the near future. D. They might be brought back to life soon. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Scientists believe they could bring the likes of dodos back from the dead through cloning experiments in the near future which could see the flightless b

42、irds revived from their extinction”可知, 渡渡鸟有可能通过克隆实验而复活。25. How do scientists revive dodos? A. They clone dodos closest living relatives. B. They trace those endangered birds closely. C. They look for dinosaurs living conditions. D. They identify genomic structure of pigeons. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段内容“How

43、ever, 400 years later, scientists now believe that they could bring the dodo back to life through cloning of some of its closest living relatives. ”可知, 科学家可以通过克隆一些与渡渡鸟最近的亲戚, 使其复活。26. What does the underlined word “resurrect” in the last paragraph mean? A. Learn. B. Protect. C. Revive. D. Prevent. 【解

44、析】选C。词义猜测题。分析可知, 画线单词所在句中的宾语代词them应是指代前句“It may also be that eggs from closely related living species might just be good enough. ”提及的eggs, 即: 蛋; 卵。画线单词句应是承接前一句, 解释可以在适当的条件下将蛋/卵孵化来复活一些灭绝的物种。由此可推知画线单词“resurrect”应是“复活”的含义, 与选项C“Revive. (复兴; 复活)”表达含义一致。27. What is the best title for the text? A. Scienti

45、sts Expect to Clone the Dodos. B. Scientists Find Close Living Relatives. C. Dinosaurs Have Already Been Extinct. D. Some Species Have Been Discovered. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章体裁为新闻报道, 根据该体裁特点首段点明主旨要义, 即: Scientists believe they could bring the likes of dodos back from the dead through cloning experiments in

46、 the near future which could see the flightless birds revived from their extinction. 可知, 文章的主要内容为科学家有望使渡渡鸟复活, 并在后文详细解释了可以通过克隆一些与渡渡鸟最近的亲戚, 使其复活。选项A“Scientists Expect to Clone the Dodos. ( 科学家希望克隆渡渡鸟。)”贴合主旨要义。CAs people try to keep social engagement during self-isolation, citizen science offers a uniq

47、ue opportunity. Defined as “public participation and collaboration in scientific research”, citizen science allows people to use technology to unite towards a common goalfrom the comfort of their homes. And it is now offering a chance to contribute to research on the coronavirus pandemic. With so ma

48、ny of us staying home, this could help build a sense of community where we may otherwise feel helpless, or struggle with isolation. Anyone is welcome to contribute. You dont need expertise, just time and interest. Projects exist in many forms, catering to people of diverse ages, backgrounds and circ

49、umstances. Many projects offer resources and guides to help you get started, and opportunities to collaborate via online discussion forums. Scientists worldwide are racing to find effective treatments and vaccines to halt the coronavirus pandemic. As a citizen scientist, you can join the effort to h

50、elp tackle COVID-19, and other infectious diseases. Foldit is an online game that challenges players to fold proteins to better understand their structure and function. The Foldit team is now challenging citizen scientists to design antiviral proteins that can bind with the coronavirus. The highest

51、scoring designs will be manufactured and tested in real life. In this way, Foldit offers a creative outlet that could eventually contribute to a future vaccine for the virus. Another similar project is Foldinghome. This is a distributed computing project that, rather than using you to find proteins,

52、 uses your computers processing power to run calculations in the background. Your computer becomes one of thousands running calculations, all working together. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了什么是公民科学家, 以及疫情期间他们如何为抗击新冠病毒做贡献。28. Where does a citizen scientist work? A. In the office. B. At research center. C. In the

53、 factory. D. At home. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“citizen science allows people to use technology to unite towards a common goal from the comfort of their homes. ”可知, 公民科学允许人们在舒适的家里, 利用技术团结合作, 朝着共同的目标前进(进行科学研究), 所以, 公民科学家在家里工作。29. Who can be a citizen scientist? A. Anyone who has time and interest. B. The

54、expert who is interested. C. People who are well educated. D. Doctors who are experienced. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句“Anyone is welcome to contribute. You dont need expertise, just time and interest. ”可知, 任何人都可以成为公民科学家, 你不需要有专业知识, 只需要有时间和兴趣。30. How can a citizen scientist join in the effort to help de

55、al with the COVID-19 and infectious diseases? A. He can play Foldit an online game and get the highest scores. B. He can do experiments about COVID-19. C. He can design a new game about COVID-19. D. He can help build a sense of community. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知, Foldit是一款在线游戏, 玩家挑战如何折叠蛋白质, 以更好地理解它们的

56、结构和功能, Foldit团队现在正在挑战公民科学家, 设计可以与冠状病毒结合的抗病毒蛋白; 再根据倒数第二段“The highest scoring designs will be manufactured and tested in real life. . . . a future vaccine for the virus. ”可知, 得分最高的设计将在现实生活中制造和测试, 通过这种方式, Foldit提供了一个创造性的途径, 最终可能有助于将来研制出抗病毒疫苗, 所以, 公民科学家可以通过玩在线游戏Foldit, 并得到最高分, 来帮助抗击新冠病毒和其他流行病。31. What i

57、s true about Foldinghome? A. It is the same project as Foldit. B. It is a computer project using you to run calculations by computer. C. It is a project using you to find proteins. D. It is done by experts. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 另一个类似的项目是Foldinghome, 它是一个分布式计算项目, 它不是用你来查找蛋白质, 而是使用计算机的处理能力在后台运行计算。故选

58、B。D(2020南昌高二检测)Scientists have discovered that rats have adapted to modern human life, even adapting their diets to the cities they live in. The scientists claim that it could be possible that humans and rats have had similar changes in their genetic make-up, due to modern city life. The downside of

59、 the changes in the DNA is that they could make rats susceptible to the same health problems as humans, such as pollutants and sugary foods. The study showed that rats diets have also adapted to their environment. In New York, you can see them eat bagels and beer; in Paris, they like croissants and

60、butter. They adapt in amazing ways. The scientists also analyzed the genomes (基因组)of 29 New York rats and compared them with those of nine brown rats from Heilongjiang Province, north-east China. The finding showed that dozens of rat genes had been through major DNA changes over the centuries, as th

61、e rats spread from Asia to Europe and America, and from the countryside and into cities. The changed genes were associated with diet, behavior, and movement, which added pressures and challenges for the rat to overcome. This could reflect the fact that urban rats have to move through highly artifici

62、al environments that are very different from natural habitats. So these gene changes might have evolved to help them move more easily through underground channels and pipes. As the rats are closely associated with city-living humans, the scientists believe that it is possible that similar changes ha

63、ve happened in both species. In October 2019, scientists used rats to successfully test an enzyme(酶) that could be used to help people quit smoking. Two groups of rats were trained to self-administer nicotine, and over two weeks their nicotine intakes increased, suggesting addiction. Then, one group

64、 of rats was given the enzyme, which led to a decreased nicotine intake. The scientists say that the enzyme could be developed for human use in the future. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。科学家宣称老鼠已经通过改变基因构成, 适应了现代的城市生活。32. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “susceptible to” in Paragraph 2? A.

65、Not likely to be cured of. B. Being disease-resistant to. C. Very likely to be affected by. D. Being thoroughly exposed to. 【解析】选C。短语猜测题。第二段第一句提到“科学家宣称人类和老鼠在基因构成方面有相似的变化, 这是有可能的”, 再由画线短语所在句“The downside of the changes in the DNA”“the same health problems as humans”可知, 画线短语所在句的意思是“基因变化的负面影响是, 它们可能使老鼠

66、容易受到和人类相同的健康问题的影响”, 所以画线短语的意思是“易受影响”。33. What does the author intend to show in the third paragraph? A. Rats in the city are particular about their food. B. Rats in different cities have different genetic make-up. C. Rats are distributed in every continent of the earth. D. Rats have been adjusting t

67、hemselves to the environment. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。第三段首句提到“研究表明老鼠已经适应了它们的环境”, 接下来举例纽约和巴黎的老鼠以惊人的方式适应着, 并提到科学家把纽约老鼠和黑龙江棕鼠的基因作比较, 发现老鼠基因已经发生变化。由此可推测, 第三段主要是想说明“老鼠已经让自己适应了环境”。34. What is the purpose of testing an enzyme on rats? A. To explore rats survival ability. B. To help people stop smoking. C. To learn mo

68、re about city rats. D. To tell apart nicotine and enzyme. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“In October 2019, scientists used rats to successfully test an enzyme that could be used to help people quit smoking. ”可知, 科学家用老鼠测试酶是为了帮助人们戒烟。35. What is the best title of this text? A. Rats Have Adapted to Modern Human L

69、ifeB. Rats in the City Have Varieties of DietsC. Rats Are More Adaptable than HumansD. Rats Have the Same Genetic Make-up to Humans【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段Scientists have discovered that rats have adapted to modern human life, even adapting their diets to the cities they live in. 可知, 科学家们发现, 老鼠已经适应了现代人类的生

70、活, 甚至适应了它们所居住的城市的饮食。这是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 主要讲述一项调查结果, 科学家宣称老鼠已经通过改变基因构成, 适应了现代的城市生活, 所以“老鼠已经适应人类现代生活”适合作文章标题。第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。Winter is often bitterly cold, which often makes us stay indoors more instead of heading out to exercise. Worse still, there are

71、many viruses doing their best to make you sick. And sneezing, coughing and nose blowing make the rooms a habitat for viruses. 36. Touching a doorknob or shaking a hand may make you get sick. Although it may sound terrible, there are still some things you can do to avoid viruses. Here are several sim

72、ple tips to stay healthy in winters. Wash your handsYou pick up viruses everywhere and they live on your hands, so wash your hands and do it often. 37. But if thats not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (消毒杀菌剂). 38. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. Thats one way

73、 viruses can get into your body. Get the flu shot (流感疫苗)39, but getting the flu shot lowers your chances of getting the flu. For example, getting the flu shot last year resulted in a 34% lower risk of coming down with the flu. Avoid sick people. 40. Viruses spread very easily through the air, so kee

74、p at least six feet between you and the sneezing, sniffling and coughing person. A. Its no guaranteeB. Take care of your faceC. Keep your hands away from your faceD. The best way is to use regular soap and waterE. It is easy for viruses to spread from person to personF. If someone around you is sick

75、, then keep your distanceG. Because there are always some unexpected things in life【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些在冬天保持健康的简单建议。36. 【解析】选E。根据下文“Touching a doorknob or shaking a hand may make you get sick. ”触碰门把手或握手都有可能使你生病。E项“病毒在人与人之间很容易传播”, 符合逻辑。故选E。37. 【解析】选D。根据上文“so wash your hands and do it often. ”可知强调要多洗

76、手, 故下文应为说明如何洗手。D项“最好的方法是使用普通的肥皂和水”, 故选D。38. 【解析】选C。根据下文“Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. ” 避免用手触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。C项“将手远离你的脸”, 符合逻辑。故选C。39. 【解析】选A。根据下文“but getting the flu shot lowers your chances of getting the flu. ”可知注射流感疫苗会降低患流感的几率, 故可推理注射疫苗并不能保证不被传染, 故选A。40. 【解析】选F。根据下文“Viruses

77、 spread very easily through the air, so keep at least six feet between you and the sneezing” 病毒很容易在空气中传播, 所以你和打喷嚏的人之间至少要保持6英尺的距离, 可知本段强调要和周围生病的人保持距离。故选F。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)第一节(共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist. He has made several very important medical

78、41. When a newspaper journalist asked him why he was able to be so much more 42 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 43 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen had been trying to 44 a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he 45 his grip on the slipp

79、ery bottle and it fell, spilling(泼出) its contents all over the kitchen floora real sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of 46 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising him, she said, “What a great and wonderful 47 you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. We

80、ll, the 48 has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 49 we clean it up? ”Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, 50 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper 51. ”And togethe

81、r they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 52 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Lets go out in the back yard and 53 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without 54 it. ”The lit

82、tle boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 55 without dropping it. What a good 56 to him! This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make 57. Instead, he learned that mistakes were jus

83、t 58 for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific 59 are all about. Even if the experiment doesnt work, we usually learn something 60 from it. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。本文介绍了美国著名的科学家Stephen Glenn, 很多人都想知道他成功的秘诀。作者在本文中介绍了记者对他的采访并表达了他对母亲教育方法的感谢。41. A. impressionsB. breakthroughsC. promises D. i

84、ntentions【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据上文Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist. 可知, Stephen Glenn做出了几个非常重要的医学突破。 impressions印象; breakthroughs突破; promises许诺; intentions意图。故选B。42. A. outgoingB. responsibleC. positive D. creative【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据上文He has made several very important medical_. 可知, 新闻记者问他为

85、什么他能比一般人更有创造力。outgoing外向的; responsible负责的; positive积极的, 肯定的; creative创造性的。故选D。43. A. experience B. wordC. argument D. adventure【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文that occurred when he was a child可知, Stephen Glenn回应说他的创造力来自他小时候和他母亲的一次经历。 experience经历; word话; argument争论; adventure冒险。故选A。44. A. recycleB. purchaseC. remo

86、ve D. freeze【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下文a bottle of milk from the refrigerator可知, Stephen Glenn一直试图从冰箱里拿出一瓶牛奶。 recycle使再循环; purchase购买; remove移动; freeze冻结。故选C。45. A. lost B. tightenedC. adjusted D. caught【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据下文it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floora real sea of milk! 可知, Stephen G

87、lenn失去了对奶瓶的控制。 lost失去; tightened拉紧; adjusted调整; caught抓住。故选A。46. A. lookingB. yellingC. smiling D. glancing【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据instead of_at him, giving him a lecture or chastising him, she said, “What a great and wonderful _you have made! 可知, Stephen Glenn的妈妈没有对他大声吼叫。 looking看; yelling大喊; smiling微笑; gla

88、ncing瞥见。故选B。47. A. discoveryB. messC. change D. joke【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据下文I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. 可知, 妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn他制造了一个伟大而美妙的混乱。故选B。48. A. injury B. researchC. assignment D. damage【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据下文Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes可知, 妈妈告诉Stephen

89、Glenn, 损害已经造成了, 那就玩一会儿吧。injury受伤; research研究; assignment分配; damage损坏。故选D。49. A. whenB. asC. afterD. before【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。应该是把牛奶清理干净之前, 玩一会儿。故选D。50. A. graduallyB. privatelyC. eventually D. constantly【解析】选C。词语辨析题。妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟, 最终都必须清理和恢复。 gradually逐渐地; privately私下地, 秘密地; eventually最终

90、; constantly不断地。故选C。51. A. orderB. situationC. formD. use【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据上文you have to clean it up and restore everything. 可知, 妈妈要求Stephen Glenn必须把它清理干净, 把一切恢复到正常的秩序。order秩序; situation情况; form形式; use使用。故选A。52. A. successfulB. failedC. completed D. useless【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据上文when he _his grip on the slip

91、pery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floora real sea of milk! 可知, 他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大奶瓶的失败的实验。 successful成功的; failed失败的; completed完成的; useless没用的。故选B。53. A. fillB. washC. polishD. cover【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据下文with water可知, 用水装满瓶子。fill装; wash洗; polish擦; cover覆盖。故选A。54. A.

92、 shaking B. droppingC. lifting D. touching【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据下文he could _without dropping it. 可知, 他们在尝试找到一种既能拿又不掉的方法。 shaking摇摆; dropping掉; lifting抬起; touching碰。故选B。55. A. make upB. make offC. make it D. make sense【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据上文The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the

93、lip with both hands. 可知, Stephen Glenn成功做到了。 make up弥补; make off离开; make it达到预定目标; make sense讲得通。故选C。56. A. attitudeB. apologyC. projectD. lesson【解析】选D。词语辨析题。这对他是一个多么好的教训啊! attitude态度; apology道歉; project项目; lesson课程, 教训。故选D。57. A. effortsB. plansC. mistakesD. decisions【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据下文Instead, he le

94、arned that mistakes. . . 可知, 他不必害怕犯错。efforts努力; plans计划; mistakes错误; decisions决定。故选C。58. A. requirementsB. movementC. chances D. goals【解析】选C。词语辨析题。相反, 他学习到错误只是学习新东西的机会。 requirements要求; movement移动, 运动; chances机会; goals目标。故选C。59. A. achievementsB. approachesC. seminars D. experiments【解析】选D。词语复现题。根据下文E

95、ven if the experiment doesnt work. 可知, 此处指科学实验。 achievements成就; approaches方法; seminars研讨会; experiments实验。故选D。60. A. valuableB. severeC. familiar D. abstract【解析】选A。词语辨析题。 valuable有价值的; severe严重的; familiar熟悉的; abstract抽象的。根据上文he learned that mistakes were just _for learning something new. 可知, 即使实验不成功,

96、 我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。故选A。第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020株洲高二检测) Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned 61. _(success) from an adult cell was Dolly, the sheep. She was born in 1996 and 62. _ (die) in e

97、arly 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead 63. _ more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists 64. _ (praise) for their wonderful scientific advance. Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist 65. _ created Dolly,

98、 is shocked that some 66. _(scientist) are now considering cloning human beings. Though he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans. Instead he thinks research efforts should concentrate on 67. _ (create) new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases lik

99、e cancer. Even though human cloning is causing a lot of 68. _ (anxious), it is good news for the persons who cannot have a baby. So Severino Antinori, 69. _Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first 70. _ (clone) a human being. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克隆技术的发展情况, 尽管克隆技术有争议, 但在某些方面也带来

100、了福音。61. 【解析】successfully。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词cloned, 故填successfully。62. 【解析】died。考查谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处和was是并列连词, 且是一般过去时, 故填died。63. 【解析】to。考查介词。此处考查固定短语lead to“导致”, 故填to。64. 【解析】were praised。考查时态和语态。此处是句子谓语动词, 因讲述过去的事情, 故用一般过去时, 主语scientists和praise之间是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填were praised。65. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从

101、句。分析句子可知, 此处是定语从句关系词, 先行词scientist在从句中充当主语, 应用指人的关系代词, 故填who/that。66. 【解析】scientists。考查名词的形式。由空格前的形容词some和谓语动词的形式可知此处应当用名词的复数形式。67. 【解析】creating。考查动名词。此处应用create的动名词作为介词on的宾语, 故填creating。68. 【解析】anxiety。考查名词。由短语a lot of“大量的”判断此处应填名词, 故填anxiety。69. 【解析】an。考查冠词。根据上下文可知, 此处意为“Severino Antinori, 一个意大利医生

102、”, 是泛指, 应用不定冠词, 又因Italian是元音音素开头, 故填an。70. 【解析】to clone。考查不定式。此处考查名词被序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时, 应用不定式作后置定语, 故填to clone。第四部分写作(共两节, 满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词

103、下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Our school was going to set up a science club for the students interested in science. I think you should join in the club, where you can learn much knowledge about science. Beside, the club will provide you with the chances make friends with

104、 other students. Anyone who share your interests may become one of your friends. You can also discuss our study experience with them. Whats more, joining a club will enable you to take part in various activities and to attend the lectures giving by some famous scientists. To be brief, it will be ben

105、eficial for you to join the club, which you can get acquainted with other students and learn new thing. 答案: Our school was going to set up a science club for the students interested in science. I think you should join in the club, where you can learn much knowledge about science. Beside, the club wi

106、ll provide you with the chances make friends with other students. Anyone who share your interests may become one of your friends. You can also discuss our study experience with them. Whats more, joining a club will enable you to take part in various activities and to attend the lectures giving by so

107、me famous scientists. To be brief, it will be beneficial for you to join the club, which you can get acquainted with other students and learn new thing. 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。关于加入学校将要建立的科学俱乐部的邀请。1. 【解析】第一句wasis。考查时态。根据下文“the club will provide you with. . . ”的一般将来时时态可知, “Our school was going to set up a sci

108、ence club”应是一般将来时。故was改为is。2. 【解析】第二句去掉in。考查动词。join in 指加入某种小型群体活动; join表示加入某组织, 成为其中的一员。“加入俱乐部”应该是成为俱乐部的成员, 应是join the club。故去掉in 。3. 【解析】第三句BesideBesides。考查副词。beside是介词, 意思为“在旁边”; besides是副词, 意思为“除此之外, 而且”, 用来引出句子。故Beside改为Besides。4. 【解析】第三句chances后加to。考查固定短语。短语the chance to do. . . , 意思为“做的机会”, 后

109、面接不定式作定语。故chances后加to。5. 【解析】第四句shareshares。考查主谓一致。定语从句who share your interests的谓语动词share应该与作主语的先行词anyone在人称和时态上一致; 句子叙述的是现在的情况, 是一般现在时, anyone是单数, 因此share用第三人称单数形式。故share改为shares。6. 【解析】第五句ouryour。考查代词。句意: 你也可以和他们讨论你的学习体验。句子的主语是you, 相应地用形容词性的物主代词your。故our改为your。7. 【解析】第六句athe。考查冠词。文章第一句提到“Our schoo

110、l is going to set up a science club”, “joining a club will enable you. . . ”应用定冠词the表示上文提到过的事物。故a改为the。8. 【解析】第六句givinggiven。考查过去分词。分析句子结构, “giving by some famous scientists”是定语, the lectures和give之间应该是逻辑上的动宾关系, 因此用过去分词作后置定语; give是不规则变化动词, 过去分词为given。故giving改为given。9. 【解析】第七句whichwhere。考查定语从句关系词。“whi

111、ch you can get acquainted with other students and learn new thing”是定语从句, 先行词the club在从句中作地点状语, 可以理解为“in the club”, 因此用where引导定语从句。故which改为where。10. 【解析】第七句thingthings。考查可数名词单复数。根据句意, “学到新的东西”应该是指很多东西, 因此thing用复数的形式表示泛指。故thing改为things。第二节书面表达(满分25分)(2020黄冈高二检测)假定你是李华, 你的外国笔友Jeff得知你参加了你校学生会主办的“The Chi

112、nese Scientist I Admire Most”故事分享会, 写信询问有关情况。请你回复邮件, 内容包括: 1. 感谢关注; 2. 你的分享; 3. 你的感想。注意: 1. 词数100个左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Jeff, Thank you for your attention to the activity themed “The Chinese Scientist I Admire Most”, which was organized by the Students Union of our school. I am more th

113、an willing to tell you about the event. I shared the story of Mr Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist known as “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He developed the worlds first successful hybrid rice varieties, which dramatically increased rice production in China. His approach to rice breeding also serves as a solution to food problems around the globe. The scientists stories shared by other participants truly inspired me, motivating me to truly love science by making great contributions to it. Could you please tell me about your favorite scientist? Yours, Li Hua