2021届高考英语二轮复习课堂集训练习： 科普文章阅读理解 WORD版含解析.doc

1、Passage 1Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流)Most do it using satellites and other hightech equipment. However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years experience，he started

2、this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in h

3、is researches that the shoesabout 60，000 in totalfell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didnt.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes

4、went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here，and as a result，there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeye

5、r got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1，600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the f

6、indings of their study.As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They ha

7、ve recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.1The underlined phrase“swap meets”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _Afitting roomsBtrading fairsCbusiness talks Dgroup meetings【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。解析：词义猜测题。由前面的“so many shoes”和后面的“to try and match left and right shoes t

8、o sell or wear，”特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。答案：B2Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _Awhat caused the shipping accidentBwhen and where the shoes went missingCwhether it was all right to use their shoesDhow much they lost in the shipping accident解析：事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“He phoned the shoe company an

9、d asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didnt.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment”可知，选C。答案：C3How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?ABy collecting information from beachcombers.BBy studying the shoes found by beachcombers.CBy searching the w

10、eb for ocean currents models.DBy researching ocean currents data in the library.解析：事实细节题。由第三段第二句“Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them (serious beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed”及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。答案：A4Ebbesmeyer is most famous for _At

11、raveling widely the coastal cities of the worldBmaking records for any lost objects on the seaCrunning a global currents research associationDphoning about any doubtful objects on the sea解析：事实细节题。由第四段第一句“Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects fo

12、und floating in the ocean”可知，选D。答案：D5What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?ATo call peoples attention to ocean pollution.BTo warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.CTo explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.DTo give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beac

13、h.解析：主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即“However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random floating garbage”，由此可知选C。答案：CPassage 2Five Booming Careers in Health CareLoving what you do is great，but knowing your career will be there tomorrow is even better.And when it comes t

14、o booming fields，the health care industry is one thats primed for growth.Want to prepare to take your place in the health care field？Check out these five indemand health care careers.Career 1 Medical and Health Services ManagerIf you want to take your leadership skills into the growing health care f

15、ield，consider pursuing a career as a medical and health services manager.As a medical and health services manager you might plan，direct，and organize health services in an entire health care facility，or a specific department or clinical area，says US.Department of Labor.Daily duties could include hand

16、ling a facilitys finances，creating work schedules，and making sure that health care services are delivered efficiently.Career 2Medical AssistantIf you are interested in working in a doctors office，consider preparing for a career in the indemand field of medical assisting.As a medical assistant，you co

17、uld play a role in helping patients visits go smoothly from when they first walk in the door.Your duties might include measuring vital signs，assisting the physician with examinations，recording health information，and scheduling appointments，according to the US.Department of Labor.Career 3Registered N

18、urseReady to put your helpful nature to use in the largest health care field？Look into prepping to pursue a career in registered nursing.As a registered nurse，you could work closely with patients by providing care，education，and emotional support.You might give patients medicines and treatments，obser

19、ve their conditions，or perform diagnostic(诊断的)tests，says the US.Department of Labor.Career 4 Physical Therapist AssistantWant to enter an indemand health care field where you could really play a handson role in helping patients restore their physical functionality？If so，a career as a physical therap

20、ist assistant could be a good fit.Under the supervision of a physical therapist，you could help patients regain movement as they recover from injuries，illnesses，or surgery.Your role in the rehabilitation process could include assisting patients with techniques(massage，stretching)and therapeutic metho

21、ds like electrical stimulation and mechanical traction，says the US.Department of Labor.Career 5 Pharmacy TechnicianPrefer a health care career that is less handson？Consider pursuing a career in the growing pharmacy technician field.Pharmacy technicians can be responsible for counting pills，filling p

22、rescriptions，providing customer service，and fulfilling administrative tasks under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist，according to the US.Department of Labor.1As a medical assistant，your duties might NOT include _Aassisting the physician with examinationsBrecording health informationCscheduling

23、 appointmentsDproviding customer service【语篇解读】本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。解析：细节理解题。根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。答案：D2Which of the following is TRUE about a physical therapist assistant?AHe/She can help patients gain movement as they are in the illness.BHis/Her function includes assisting patients and providing custome

24、r service.CHis/Her duty might include measuring vital signs and recording health information.DHe/She could play a practical role in helping patients restore their physical functionality.解析：推理判断题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第一段，可得出答案D。答案：D3What does the underlined word “rehabilitation” mean?AThe process of improving

25、 or becoming stronger.BThe process of cutting a part of a persons body in order to remove or repair a damaged part.CThe process of recording somebodys name on an official list.DThe process of helping somebody to have a normal life again after they have been ill for a long time.解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文我们可以猜测出这

26、个单词的意思是“康复，恢复”。答案：D4What is vital for physical therapist assistants and pharmacy technicians to perform their duties?AThe nature of helping others.BKnowledge of medicine and health care.CThe ability of interpersonal communication.DThe supervision of a licensed doctor.解析：细节理解题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第二段第一句和职业五药

27、品技师的第二段可知，虽然A、B、C三项都是成为医药工作者所必须的素质，但是最关键的前提是有带执照的医师的监督，故选D。答案：D5The author writes the passage mainly to_.Aintroduce five booming careers in health careBpersuade you to go into five booming careers in health careCadvocate five booming careers in health careDclassify health care into five careers解析：主旨

28、大意题。本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业，并没有劝说读者去从事这些工作。答案：APassage 3There was once a tiny country that was suffering from a long drought.It had gone so long without rain that the people there were starting to go hungry because of the bad harvests.It just so happened that a group of musicians were traveling the count

29、ry，trying to make a living from their concerts.But with so many problems in the land，no one felt like listening to music.“But music can help overcome any problems，” said the musicians，without anyone paying them the slightest attention.So the musicians tried to find out the reason it wouldnt rain.It

30、was very strange，because the sky was overcast，but no one could provide an answer.“Its been cloudy like this for many months，but not a single drop of rain has fallen，” people told them.“Dont worry，well bring rain to the country，” the musicians responded，and they began rehearsing for a concert at the

31、summit of the highest mountain.Everyone who heard the music was seized by curiosity and went up the mountain.And the conductor of this strange orchestra gave the order，and the musicians began to play.From their instruments came small，playful musical notes that rose and rose into the clouds.The music

32、 was so joyous，happy and fun，and the notes started playing with the clouds soft，fluffy bellies，running here and there，up and down，and the whole sky turned into one big game of tickle torture.Before long，the giant clouds were thundering with laughter.The musicians continued playing joyfully and a few

33、 minutes later the clouds，crying with laughter，soaked the little country below with their precious tears，bringing happiness to all.And in memory of that musical rain，everyone in the country learned how to play an instrument and，taking turns，would go up the mountain every day to bring joy to the clou

34、ds with their beautiful songs.1Why did the country have the bad harvests?ABecause its too hot.BBecause its too cold.CBecause its too wet.DBecause its too droughty.【语篇解读】一个干旱已久的小国，却因为音乐家们的到来，改变了他们的命运音乐家通过在山顶上演奏音乐，从而为当地降下了甘霖。为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习音乐，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知那个国家歉收的原因是因为长期干旱少雨，故选D项。答案：D

35、2Whats the attitude of the people toward the musicians?AActive. BEnergetic.CCold. DEnthusiastic.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But with so many problems in the land，no one felt like listening to music.”和“without anyone paying them the slightest attention.”可以推出人们对音乐家们的态度是冷淡的。故选C。 答案：C3Whats the meaning of the unde

36、rlined word in the third paragraph?ACloudy BRainyCSunny DWindy 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Its been cloudy like this.”可以推出overcast的意思与cloudy意思一样。故选A项。答案：A4Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?AGreat musicians BMusic for the cloudsCLaughing clouds DMusic rehearsing解析：标题概括题。本文主要讲述了音乐家通过在

37、山顶上为云彩演奏音乐，从而使云彩流动起来，最终降下了期盼已久的雨，为当地人们带来了快乐。由此可以推出文章的标题应选B项。答案：B5From the last paragraph we can learn that the people in the small country _Ahate music Blove musicCteach music Dpractice music解析：推理判断题。最后一段中讲到为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习乐器，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。由此可以推出人们喜欢音乐。答案：BPassage 4Imagine putting a seed in a freeze

38、r，waiting 30，000 years，and then taking the seed out and planting it.Do you think a flower would grow?Amazingly，scientists have just managed to do something very similar.They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberiaa region covering central and eastern Russiafor

39、 about 31，800 years.Using pieces of the fruit，the scientists grew plants in a lab.The new blooms have delicate white petals.They are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep freeze.“This is like regenerating a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg，” said Jane

40、 ShenMiller，a biologist of University of California，Los Angeles.The plant has a long history.Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked on the land，an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia.The ground became perma

41、frost，a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time.Recently，Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface.Back at the lab，the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots.Then the scientists transferred the shoot

42、s to pots filled with soil.The plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them.Its important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time.Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezi

43、ng them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe.One such endeavor，an underground facility in Norway，is called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.It stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds.If a plant ever goes extinct，scientists could bring it back by taking its seed

44、s from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.“No one knows how long they are able to live for，but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays，” Jane ShenMiller said.Its a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive in the experience.1How were s

45、eeds and fruits originally in the underground chamber?AThey were placed there by an animal.BThey were trapped there during the Ice Age.CThey were planted there by ancient farmers.DThey were buried there after the earthquake.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文字，介绍一个科研项目，一个对数万年种子的实验。解析：细节理解题。由第四段的第二句可知，当初是松鼠把它们埋在地下的，故选A项。

46、答案：A2Which of the following was NOT used to recreate the ancient plant?AModern nutrients. BParts of the fruits.CIts frozen seeds. DPlant pots with soil.解析：细节理解题。由第五段可知，在培育新苗时没有用冷冻的种子。答案：C3Why are scientists interested in this discovery?AIt helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30，0

47、00 years.BIt can help guide future efforts to protect endangered plants life.CIt can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants.DIt proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen.解析：推理判断题。由第六段的第二句可推知，这一发现对于保存濒危植物种子的研究有着重大意义。答案：B4The underlined word “they

48、” in the final paragraph refers to_Aplants BseedsCscientists Dstorage lockers解析：代词指代题。联系上文，尤其是上一段的内容可以看出they指代的是种子，故选B。答案：B5The purpose of the passage is to_Adiscuss a plant conservation effortBintroduce some ancient plantsCoutline some causes of global warmingDdescribe a scientific research project

49、解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文意在介绍一个科研项目，故答案为D项。答案：DPassage 5As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes(笔画)of each Chinese character when

50、 writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as the primary school. And computer dependence is more widespread among university students. Almost all their assignments an

51、d essays are typed on a computer.All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. Its faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And thats why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems

52、 appear. “When Im writing with a pen, I find I often cant remember how to write a character, though I feel Im familiar with it.”“Im not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper.”Many students dont feel this is something to worry about. Now that its more convenient and efficient to write

53、on a computer, why bother to handwrite? Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said，“Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(审美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value

54、. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writers emotion. Through ones handwriting, people can get to know ones thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.”To encourage students to handwrite more, many prima

55、ry schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory(必修的)and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.1Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AThe importance of handwriting and typingBTo type or to handwrite

56、CWriting by computer will replace writing by handDPractical and aesthetic value of Chinese characters【语篇解读】全文围绕我们学生是应依靠电脑还是应依靠手来写作业展开叙述。解析：文章话题：我们学生应该依靠电脑还是应该依靠手来写作业。答案：B2The students interviewed prefer to write using a computer mainly because_Athey are usually asked to email their homework and essa

57、ysBthey can correct the mistakes they make quickly and convenientlyCthey find it not easy to remember how to write a characterDcomputers have become a trend and fashion in China解析：由第四段“Its faster and easier to correct if using a computer.”和第七段 “Now that its more convenient and efficient to write on

58、a computer, why bother to handwrite? ”可知学生依赖电脑是因为电脑方便、快捷、修改容易。答案：B3Which of the following statements is NOT true about the advantages of handwriting?AHandwriting contains the writers emotion.BThe writers thinking and personality are shown in his or her handwriting.CHandwriting can impress people wel

59、l and build ones selfconfidence.DChinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value. 解析：由倒数第二段中 “Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.”可知书写可以给人好的第一印象， 但并没有说可以帮助人们建立自信。故C项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项文中均有明确的表述。答案：C4The underlined expression “taking stock in”(in Paragraph 4)

60、probably means “_”Agetting bored withBgetting dependent onCbecoming crazy aboutDgetting curious about解析：结合上文computer dependence和下文的表述，不难推出taking stock in的意思为“相信；依靠”。故B项为正确答案。答案：B5We can draw the conclusion from the passage that_Amore and more students will give up writing on a computerBwriting by hand will give way to typing by computer one dayCmore and more students will pay attention to handwritingDthe typing article better expresses ones emotion and quality解析：最后一段介绍：北京许多小学已把书法课规定为必修课，在大学里，学生被要求交书面作业。由此我们可以得出结论：今后越来越多的学生会重视书写。故C项为正确答案。答案：C