2021新高考英语主题版一轮复习讲义：专题一　句子成分 考点清单 WORD版含解析.docx

1、一、主语单句填空1.Many people who/that live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.1.答案who/that句意:许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。分析题干可知,“ live along the coast”为定语从句,先行词指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。2.Thedisappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.2.答案disapp

2、earance句意:恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。空格处在句中作主语,结合空前的定冠词可知,空格处填名词disappearance。主语相当于句子的话题或主题,即要说明的人或物。能用来作主语的有名词、代词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句等。如:1.My pen is green. 我的钢笔是绿色的。(名词作主语)The rich are not always happy.富人也不总是开心的。(“the+形容词”表示一类人,相当于名词)2.Her pen is blue, and mine is red.她的钢笔是蓝色的,我的是红色的。(名词性物主代词作主语)3.Eating to

3、o much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。(动名词作主语)Taking a walk is much better than staying at home. 散步比待在家里要好得多。(动名词短语作主语)4.To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式作主语)It will take him 3 hours to go to the station on foot.他步行去车站需要3个小时。(it作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语)5.Its suggested that we should hold another meet

4、ing right away.有人建议我们马上再召开一次会议。(it充当形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)6.What the teacher said yesterday is important.昨天老师讲的很重要。(从句作主语)二、谓语单句填空1.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had (have) just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadnt been invented yet.1.答案had句意:在美国20世纪50年代,多数家庭只有一部电话,无线电话还没有被发明出来。空格处

5、在句中作谓语,结合句首的时间状语In the 1950s和语境可知,空格处应用一般过去时态。故空格处填had。2.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left (leave) his keys in the office.2.答案had left句意:他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室了。空格处在句中作谓语,且动作发生在occurred之前,因此空格处应使用过去完成时态。故空格处填had left。句子中用来说明主语的动作或存在的状态的部分叫谓语。谓语一般位于主语之后,谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词,它有时态、语态和语气的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响。谓语动

6、词分类(1)行为动词(或实义动词)具有明确的动作意义。行为动词分为不及物动词和及物动词,不及物动词本身词义完整,可以独立作谓语,而及物动词本身词义不完整,必须后跟宾语。I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。(believe为及物动词,后加that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中consider为及物动词,后加our suggestion作宾语)How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!(fly为不及物动词)(2)系动词(或连系动词)起连接主语和表语的作用,本身有一定的词义,它和实义动词

7、一样有时态的变化,也受主语的人称和数的影响。It was late at night when we finally arrived.我们最后到达时已是深夜。The dish tastes good.这盘菜尝起来很好。(taste为系动词,后加形容词作表语)Gong Yues voice sounds so sweet.龚玥的嗓音听起来真甜。(sound为系动词,后加形容词sweet作表语)(3)助动词可以协助主要动词构成不同的时态或语态,也可帮助主要动词一起表示疑问、否定或强调。常见的助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were)、do(does/did)、have(has/had)、

8、will。We are running in the playground.我们正在操场上跑步。(are帮助现在分词running构成现在进行时)The flowers are often watered by me.我经常给这些花儿浇水。(are帮助过去分词watered构成被动语态)He doesnt get up early every day.他并非每天起床都很早。(does帮助get up构成一般现在时的否定式)He does work very hard.他工作的确十分努力。(does帮助行为动词work构成强调结构)Do you want to pass the exam?你想通

9、过考试吗?(do帮助want构成疑问结构)By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.到上月末为止,他们已经完成一半的工作了。(had帮助过去分词finished构成过去完成时)He will come here tomorrow.他明天将来这里。(will帮助come构成一般将来时)三、表语单句填空1.I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain).1.答案painful分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作表语,因此空格处应用提示词的形容词形

10、式。故空格处填painful。2.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, wasthat it was rather closely modeled on his own life.2.答案that分析句子成分可知,was之后是表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,因此应用that作为引导词。表语在句中用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职业、内容、(动作)方向或处所等。表语需位于系动词之后。可以作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、不定式(短语)、分词、动名词(短语)以及从句(表语从句)

11、等。Five years later, he became an engineer.五年后,他成了一名工程师。(名词作表语)This is my dictionary. That is yours.这是我的词典,那本是你的。(代词作表语)We must keep healthy. 我们必须保持健康。(形容词作表语)My aim is to become a doctor.我的目标是成为一名医生。(不定式短语作表语)My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英文。(动名词短语作表语)The movie is quite moving.这部电影非常感人。(现在分词作表语)

12、Thats why I want to stay here. 那就是我想待在这里的原因。(表语从句作表语)四、宾语单句填空1.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make (make) a new life for herself.1.答案to makewish之后接不定式作宾语。故空格处填不定式to make。2.Keep holding (hold) your position for a while.2.答案holding该句中Keep之后需要接动名词作宾语。故空格处填holding。表示谓语动词动作对象的成分叫宾语,即宾语是动作的承

13、受者。英语中,及物动词(或相当于及物动词的动词短语)、介词须带宾语。可以充当宾语的有名词(短语)、代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词化的形容词以及从句(宾语从句)等。1.单宾语I am reading a book. 我在看书。(名词作动词的宾语)Im going to Beijing with my father.我计划和我父亲去北京。(名词作介词的宾语)2.双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)Yesterday my father bought me a new bike. 昨天我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。(代词me和名词bike分别作动词bought的间接宾语和直接宾语)3.复合宾语(宾

14、语+宾语补足语)My teacher advises me to read English aloud every morning.我的老师建议我每天早上大声朗读英语。(me为宾语;to read English aloud every morning为宾语补足语)五、补足语单句填空1.Many airlines now allow passengers to print (print) their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.1.答案to print句意:现在,许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机证以节省他们宝贵的时间。

15、空格处在句中作宾语补足语,而allow之后接不定式作宾补,故空格处填to print。2.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man sitting (sit) at the front. 2.答案sitting分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作宾语补足语,且与宾语man之间是逻辑上的主动关系,动作正在进行中,由此结合“notice sb./sth. doing”可知,空格处应填sitting。3.The aim of education is to teach young people to

16、 think (think) for themselves and not to follow others blindly.3.答案to think句意:教育的目的是教会年轻人去自己思考和不要盲目地跟从别人。空格处在句中作宾语补足语,而teach之后接不定式作宾补,故填to think。补语是用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态等的一种句子成分。能作补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式和分词(现在分词、过去分词)等。含有宾语补足语的句子在变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。(形容词作宾补)We call

17、 the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。(名词作宾补)Our teacher told us to play outside. 我们老师让我们在外面玩。(动词不定式短语作宾补)I saw Jack playing under a tree. 我看到杰克在一棵树下玩耍。(现在分词短语作宾补)My father made me stay at home last night.昨晚我父亲让我待在家里。(不带to的不定式作宾补)I was seen to come back today by Tom.今天我被汤姆看到回来了。(不定式作主语补足语)六、定语单句填空1.Although bird

18、s use their (they) feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.1.答案their句意:虽然鸟类的羽毛是用来飞行的,但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。空格处在句中作名词feathers的定语,故空格处填形容词性物主代词their。2.“That would be a very reasonable (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.2.

19、答案reasonable空格处作名词thing的定语,因此应用提示词的形容词形式。故填reasonable。修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子叫定语。英语中的定语可以前置,也可以后置。能作定语的有形容词、名词、分词(短语)、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语以及定语从句等。The beautiful picture was drawn by a famous artist.那幅美丽的画是一位著名的艺术家画的。(形容词作定语) The apple trees were planted 3 years ago.那些苹果树是3年前种的。(名词作定语)The boy under the tree is Jack

20、. 树下的那个男孩儿是杰克。(介词短语作后置定语)The destroyed bridge was rebuilt last winter. 被毁掉的那座桥是去年冬天重建的。(过去分词作定语)I know a boy called Tom.我认识一个名叫汤姆的男孩儿。(过去分词短语作后置定语)The flying birds are moving towards the south because of the coming winter. 那些飞翔的鸟儿正向南方飞去,因为冬天快到了。(现在分词作定语)The car running in the playground is my uncles

21、.在操场上奔驰的那辆汽车是我叔叔的。(现在分词短语作后置定语)At last, we had nothing to eat but a little water.最后我们没有任何吃的了,只剩下一点儿水。(动词不定式作后置定语)I often go to the reading room in the evening.我经常在晚上去阅览室。(动名词作定语)I know the two boys who broke the window yesterday.我认识昨天打坏玻璃的那两个男孩子。(定语从句)七、状语单句填空1.I was driving down to London when I su

22、ddenly (sudden) found that I was on the wrong road.1.答案suddenly空格处在句中作状语,因此空格处应用提示词的副词形式。故空格处填写suddenly。2.Sadly(sad), he didnt pass the exam the other day.2.答案Sadly放于句首,修饰整个句子常用副词形式。3.I got to the office earlier that day, having caught (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.3.答案having caught逗号之后为非谓语

23、动词短语作原因状语,空格处与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,且动作已经完成,因此现在分词的完成式having caught符合题意。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词、短语或从句(状语从句)叫状语。状语在句中可以表示时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随状况等。能作状语的有副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式及状语从句等。如:He plays the guitar well.他吉他弹得很好。(副词作状语)Luckily, he didnt hurt himself.幸运的是,他没伤到自己。(副词作状语)He works hard to earn money.他努力工作挣

24、钱。(不定式作状语)If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。(从句作状语)八、同位语单句填空1.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else in the sports field.1.答案thatbelief后面是同位语从句,从句句意完整,不缺少成分,故用that作为引导词。2.News came from the school office that

25、Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.2.答案thatoffice之后是News的同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故that符合题意。所谓同位语,是指跟在某些名词的后面,对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括的句子成分。常用来作同位语的有名词、数词、不定代词(each, both, all)、从句等。The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money.那个最小的男孩彼得拒绝接受那笔钱。(名词作同位语)We four were greatly touched to hear the o

26、ld mans story. 听了这个老人的故事,我们四个都很受感动。(数词作同位语) They each have a dictionary.他们每人都有一本词典。(each作同位语)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(从句作同位语)九、独立成分句子的独立成分是一种与全句没有语法关系或关系不密切的成分。感叹词、称呼语和插入语是英语中常见的三种独立成分。Oh, look. Here comes the bus. 哦,看,公共汽车来了。(感叹词)Hi, Mary. You are giving a lecture again! 嗨,玛丽,你又在演讲了!(称呼语)By the way, I hope you will come here soon. 顺便说一下,我希望你能尽快来这儿。(插入语)