2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元检测(含解析)译林版必修第三册.doc
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1、单元综合检测(四)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分;满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe advancement of human civilization is possiblejust because of enormous contribution made by scientists.They are one of the most influential people of todays world.With practical advantages in engineering,medicine
2、 and technology,they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us.Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy.Here is a list of t
3、he four great scientists weve ever seen who changed the world.Louis Pasteur(18221895)Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement ofmedical sciences developing cures for rabies,anthrax and other infectious diseases.He also invented the process of pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to make milk safer to dri
4、nk.He probably saved more lives than any other person.Otto Hahn(18791968)Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclearfission(裂变)in 1939.He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radiochemistry,and discovered radioactive elements in 1921.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.Ni
5、kola Tesla(18561943)Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current.He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission,but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection.He played a key role in the development of modern electric
6、ity.James Clerk Maxwell(18311879)Maxwell made great progress in understanding electromagnetism.His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子)physics.Einstein said of Maxwell,“The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”【语篇解读】本文介绍了四位伟人,四个人都为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。1W
7、hat contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society?AThe development of medicine.BRadiochemistry.CModern electricity.DQuantum physics.A细节理解题。根据第二段“Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies,anthrax and other infectious diseases.”可知,Louis Pasteu
8、r 促进了医学的发展。所以A选项是正确的。2Who was thought highly of by Einstein?ALouis Pasteur.BOtto Hahn.CNikola Tesla. DJames Clerk Maxwell.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“Einstein said of Maxwell,The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”可知,爱因斯坦对James Clerk Maxwell的评价很高。所以D选项是正确的。3What can we infer about the four peo
9、ple?AThey are medical pioneers.BThey are Nobel Prize winners.CThey are great contributors to society.DThey are founders of modern physics.C推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。所以C选项是正确的。BMadame Curie,the youngest of the five children,was born in Warsaw,Poland in 1867.Marie Curies maiden name
10、 was Manya.Her parents were teachers,and she learned the importance of education at a very early age.No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time,so Manya took a job as a tutor.She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sisters medical studies.Her sister qualif
11、ied as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris,changing her name to Marie.She entered the Sorbonne(now the University of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics,graduating at the top of her class.For the research she wanted to do,she was introduced to anoth
12、er young scientist,Pierre Curie.Later,they fell in love with each other.After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize,fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband,because science was their world and in this world of science,fame and honor to persons had no value.One day when a writer for a newspaper trie
13、d to ask Marie about herself,her thoughts and her beliefs,she answered him,“In science we must be interested in things,not in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words,which she was later often to repeat.One evening,at a big party,a friend ask
14、ed if she would like to meet the King of Greece,who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner,“I dont see the value of it.” Then,seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend,she quickly added,“But.but.of course,I shall do whatever you please.Just as you please.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。居里夫人是一位伟大的科学
15、家。本文简要介绍了她成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。4What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sisters medical studies?AShe was a teacher.BShe was a doctor.CShe was a tutor.DShe was a waitress.C细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知,居里夫人曾经做过家庭教师,并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。5What was valuable to Marie Curie?AScience and resea
16、rch.BFame and honor.CCharacter and spirits.DPersons and things.A推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知,居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究,名利对他们来说没有任何价值。6The writer for a newspaper was interested in_AthingsBMarie CurieCMaries husbandDpersonsD推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的情况,故可推知,这个人关注的是“人”。7What do you think might have happened betw
17、een Marie Curie and the King of Greece?AThe King was angry with Marie Curie.BFor the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.CThe King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.DMarie Curie held another party for the King.B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知,居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情,她会顺从朋友,去见希腊
18、国王。CWhat are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age?There are diseases like AIDS and cancer.Theres climate change,of course.And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the worlds growing population?Whos going to solve all these terrible problems?Yes,pol
19、iticians and world leaders will have a big part to play.Yes,businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things.But whos going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.Its going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some n
20、ew bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.If you like thinking about the world around you,why not become a scientist?It doesnt mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine!Scientists do all kinds of amazing
21、 things that are actually interesting! Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals.Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teache
22、rs and professors who will train tomorrows scientists.Dont think a scientist is far away!Maybe you like cooking?You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer.Perhaps sport is your thing?Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order
23、 to improve their performance?You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.Looking for something to do for the rest of your life?My advice?Take a long and hard look at science.It is interesting and ever.【语篇解读】本文提出在新时代社会必
24、须解决的最大问题,科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。8Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to_Asuggest they are impossible to be solvedBintroduce the causes of these problemsCshow the writers worry about the future worldDshow scientists play an important part in solving themD推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句“B
25、ut whos going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.Its going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.” 可知,第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D。9What is needed to solve these proble
26、ms?AAdvanced weapons.BEnough energy.CNew technologies.DA growing population.C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.” 可知,解决这些问题需要新科技。故选C。10Most people think the life of scientists is_AamazingBboringCcolorful
27、DunrealB推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“It doesnt mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine!” 可知,多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B。11Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?AOwing to military technologies,there has been no wa
28、rs.BFor those interested in cooking,food technologies may be a choice.CForensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes.DMost athletes can achieve greater achievement with the help of sports scientists.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military
29、 technologies that could help make wars out of date.”可知,A项(Owing to military technologies,there has been no wars.由于军事技术,没有发生战争。)是错误的,故选A。DEver called a movie theatre to find out showtime?Or called a customer service centre for help?Chances are you didnt speak to a human being.You probably gave comma
30、nds to an Automated Speech Recognition(ASR) system.These types of systems are efficient moneysaving tools that allow companies to address many customer concerns with minimum human intervention.The technology for such a system has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s.One significant rec
31、ent achievement is the launching of virtual personal assistants(VPAs) on mobile phones.The most wellknown of these is Apples iPhone VPA,Siri.If you tell Siri that you want to schedule lunch with a friend,“she” can set the appointment on your phone in seconds.The VPA can also hold a basic “conversati
32、on” with a sense of humor.However,it can only be set off when the human user speaks certain key phrases or words.While the potential for communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting,this possibility concerns some people.Some experts worry about peoples attachment to these machines a
33、nd fear that the art of successful humantohuman conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations.They worry that people wont be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they havent been practicing those skills.Others fear that machines will take over functions that w
34、ere traditionally performed by humans,such as customer service.Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy.When people use certain speech recognition applications,they leave behind an audio track of their speech.When you ask a VPA for directions
35、,your speech is often sent and saved to a remote server for processing.This digital information may lead to data mining,or the collection of large quantities of personal data.For now,however,the continuing evolution of ASR software is thrilling to behold.Asking for and acquiring information from an
36、automated source has never been easier.Leading companies in the speech recognition world will make human communication with machines as seamless as possiblein other words,just like communicating with another human.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章在开头提到了ASR(Automated Speech Recognition) 自动语音识别的概念,进而在下文的论述中提到了该技术在使用中
37、存在的问题和未来的前景。12What can we say about Apples Siri?AIts a helpful VPA.BIt first appeared in the 1950s.CIts the most advanced ASR system.DIt has the same sense of humor as humans.A细节理解题。根据题干关键词Apples Siri定位到文章第二段第三句“The most wellknown of these is Apples iPhone VPA,Siri.”其中最著名的是苹果虚拟助理Siri,根据下一句“If you te
38、ll Siri that you want to schedule lunch with a friend,she can set the appointment on your phone in seconds.(如果你告诉 Siri 你想和朋友一起吃午饭,她可以在几秒钟内在你手机上设置约会时间。)”可得出,Siri对手机使用者的帮助意义。选项A“这是一个很有用的VPA”符合题意。故选A项。13What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about?AThe broad definition of ASR.BPotential problems with ASR.C
39、The fast development of ASR.DMovements against using ASR.B段落大意题。第三段首句为本段的主题句“While the potential for communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting,this possibility concerns some people.(虽然人类和机器之间的交流的可能性看起来令人兴奋,但这种可能性使一些人担忧。)”本段接下来讲的就是一些人机交流出现的问题;第四段第一句“Another concern often associate
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