2019版二轮复习英语通用版讲义：第四板块 7步成文第四步 基本框架搭建好“美化词句”细推敲 WORD版含解析.doc

1、7步成文第四步基本框架搭建好，“美化词句”细推敲如果说前三步旨在教考生写得中规中矩、像模像样，那么四至六步则教考生写得潇潇洒洒、洋气十足；如果说前三步是在草稿中完成对写作基本内容的架构，那么四至六步则是对草稿内容的完善、润色和升格；前三步让习作完成，四至六步让习作完美，从第四步至第六步，教考生“略施粉黛”，稍加美化，让作文由“四档”巧升“五档”。一、“四档”“五档”差在哪第四档(1620分)考纲表述第五档(2125分)考纲表述完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有。应用的语法结构和词汇能。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或。应用语句间的连接成分，

2、使全文结构紧凑。了预期的写作目的。完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖要点。应用了的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或；具备较强的语言运用能力。使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。了预期的写作目的。从“第四档”与“第五档”的评分标准来看，四档与五档的评分标准差别是微小的，主要集中在“亮点词汇”、“亮点句式”、“过渡衔接”、“语法结构”等一些能力层级上，虽然这两个档次的评分标准区别比较细微，但四档与五档的分差却成为考生成绩平庸与优异的分水岭。第五档中提到，“语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。”这就是说，如果考生仅运用基础词汇和

3、基本句型，不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使表达无语法错误，也不一定能得高分；相反，即使文章中有少量错误，如果是因为使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致，文章仍可按最高档次给分。第五档中“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”，这表明恰当运用过渡性词语可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，从而提高得分档次。典例感悟(2018全国卷)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：1学校的体育场馆；2.主要的运动项目；3.你喜欢的项目。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。“冤屈的”四档作文(得分19分)升格后的五档作文(得分24分)Dea

4、r Peter，I am very delighted to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may help you know more about it.To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, and it has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the

5、 stadium set up, many kinds of sports events are able to be held, of which Pingpong, football and running competitions are very popular. As for me, Im interested in basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our sch

6、ool and see for yourself.Yours，Li HuaDear Peter，I am more than delighted to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about the physical exercise in our school and, I think, the following information may help you have a better understanding of it.To begin with, a new stadium has been built up

7、, which has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which Pingpong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, Im interested in basketball since it has been giving me strength to brave

8、ly face the challenges in my life.All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.Yours，Li Hua名师点评左栏作文用词准确，分段合理，而且使用了with复合结构和“of which”引导的非限制性定语从句等，总体来说是一篇相当不错的作文。但是看一下右栏提升后的作文，就会感叹其语言更地道、更自然流畅，可谓妙笔生花，技高一筹。词汇的提升有六处，特别是have a better understanding of, a wide range of及enj

9、oy great popularity的使用会令人赞叹作者深厚的语言功底，同时也提升了得分档次；句式的提升有三处，插入语I think, which引导的定语从句，及独立主格the stadium set up的使用都恰到好处，相对于左栏的作文有了大幅度的提升。二、如何由“四档”升“五档”词汇要“亮人一眼” 词汇要美，就要多使用较高级词汇。那么何为较高级词汇？众所周知，词汇本来并没有“高低贵贱”之分，但某个词汇一旦放在了具体语境中，如果使用极为得当，体现了该词的美妙价值，为句子增色，让文章添彩，它就是较高级词汇。下面介绍4招，以实现由较低级词汇向较高级词汇的转化。第1招：“语”众不同，避免人云

10、亦云写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或短语，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to talk and express their views about the film.After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to make comments and expres

11、s their views about the film.(2018全国卷书面表达)I am very glad to know you are interested in Tang poems.I am more than delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems.(2017全国卷书面表达)I should be free any time after school next week.I should be available any time after school next week.(2016全国卷书面表达)第2招：更新换

12、代，避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多变的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。The boxoffice income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015 .However, China witnessed a decline in its economic growth rate last year.The boxoffice income of Chinese mo

13、vies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015 .However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year.(2017江苏高考书面表达)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate .If you want to participate, you can send your photos to intlphot

14、oshow .Any student who is interested is welcome to participate .If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow .(2016全国卷书面表达)We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have different ways to deal with such a situation.We may have different opinions in organi

15、zing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.(2015浙江高考书面表达)第3招：单词短语，巧妙互用一般情况下短语优先，应多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单词却比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。所以我们应把单词与短语巧妙互用。The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in various activities, such as participating in some nat

16、ional competitions.The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.(2018天津高考书面表达)Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is increasing.Cinema

17、s have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase.(2017江苏高考书面表达)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and Id like you to help me.I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and Id like yo

18、u to do me a favor.(2016全国卷书面表达)We can look at this problem in many ways.We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有内涵)第4招：高级替代，低级淘汰也就是说，尽量用高级阶段学到的词代替低级阶段学到的词。And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective and improve my spoken English.And I treasure this as a good chance t

19、o broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English.(2018浙江高考写作)The editing part after that was difficult.The editing part after that was tough.(2017北京高考书面表达)This summer I want to do a parttime job in a foreign capital company, through which I would like to broaden my horizons, get some wo

20、rking experience and meet more new friends.This summer I intend to take up a parttime job in a foreign capital company, through which I would like to broaden my horizons, gain some working experience and meet more new friends.(2016全国卷书面表达)句式要“高人一筹” 句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用会使文章增加亮点，提高档次。

21、考生在写作时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！升格句式时，可从两方面着手。(一)利用复合句和非谓语动词，提升文章档次1增加亮点的定语从句定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，或者把并列句改为含有定语从句的复合句，都能为文章增加亮点。To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school, where I

22、introduced the history of teamaking and different kinds of tea and so on.(2018北京高考书面表达)For example, there are huge amounts of reference books. I am often confused to choose from them.For example, there are huge amounts of reference books from which I am often confused to choose.(2018江苏高考书面表达)Papercu

23、tting is a traditional art form in China.It has a history of more than 1,500 years.Papercutting is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years.(2017全国卷书面表达)2吸引眼球的状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句型，它的灵活运用能使作文更具吸引力。Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture (原因状语从句),

24、 I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(2018北京高考书面表达)If youre interested in the Chinese folk art (条件状语从句), please email me.(2017全国卷书面表达)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books (目的状语从句)(2016全国卷书面表达)3提升档次的名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语

25、从句和同位语从句，是写作中常见的高级表达方式。It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in the national middle school volleyball match (主语从句)(2018全国卷书面表达)I hope these suggestions would be helpful to you. (宾语从句)(2018全国卷书面表达)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choi

26、ce.(表语从句)(2017北京高考书面表达)4言简意明的非谓语动词恰当地运用非谓语动词，不仅能使句型多样、句子灵活多变，而且读起来结构紧凑、言简意明。An English short film, called Growing Together, will be shown in the school hall at 7：30 pm.(2018全国卷书面表达)To get admitted, I have made good preparations beforehand, trying to know as much as I could about my city.(2017天津高考书面表

27、达)Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.(2016北京高考书面表达)(二)利用特殊句式，彰显能力水平写作中，如果考生能够使用如强调句型、倒装句型等特殊句式，不仅能彰显考生的英语水平，还能提升写作档次。1强调句型It was his continuous efforts that caused China to change gradually.(2016北京高考书面表达)It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story

28、that counts.(2015福建高考书面表达)2倒装句Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015湖南高考满分作文)Not only does it affect our daily life, but it also puts peoples lives at risk.(2015江苏高考书面表达)3省略句I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process while (I was) making tea.(2018北京高考书面表达)As

29、 (it is) scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.(2016天津高考书面表达)4虚拟语气Should you accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to you satisfaction.(2018浙江高考写作)I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.(2017全国卷书面表达)5

30、with复合结构In the end, we took a group photo, with cups or tea in our hands, to record this unforgettable experience.(2018北京高考书面表达)In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.(2015福建高考书面表达)6并列句型All students have two PE classes a week and

31、 run for 20 minutes every day.(2018全国卷书面表达)To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(2016江苏高考书面表达)7it句型It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.(it作形式主语)(2018全国卷书面表达)I think it great fun

32、to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(it作形式宾语)(2017全国卷书面表达)课堂应用体验 .请用更高级词汇替换黑体词汇1The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses. difficultchallenging2Well try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.developpromote3I can no longer bear

33、 the way he speaks to us.bearput_up_with4I met one of my classmates on my way to school yesterday.metcame_across5He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.decideddetermined/made_up_his_mind6Developing very quickly, the Internet causes the breakdown of facetoface communication. causesgives_rise

34、_to7When you are bored with the people sometimes, youd better find a quiet place, listening to some classical music._bored_withfed_up_with8More and more visitors have been attracted to this place.More_and_moreAn_increasing_number_of9He didnt listen to what I said in the class.didnt_listen_toturned_a

35、_deaf_ear_to10Suddenly I thought of an idea that someone had broken into my house.I_thought_of_an_ideaI_came_up_with_an_idea/an_idea_occurred_to_me.按要求改写下列句子1My favorite hobbies are reading books and newspapers.They have become a necessary part of my daily life.My_favorite_hobbies_are_reading_books_

36、and_newspapers,_which_have_become_a_necessary_part_of_my_daily_life.(用定语从句合并句子)2That they had had professional training impressed me most.What_impressed_me_most_was_that_they_had_had_professional_training.(用主语从句和表语从句改写句子)3After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly d

37、esired to be the winner.Having_practiced_playing_basketball_for_almost_two_months,_we_strongly_desired_to_be_the_winner.(用分词作状语改写句子)4I didnt know real happiness until I met you.It_was_not_until_I_met_you_that_I_knew_real_happiness.(用强调句型改写句子)5The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home.So_co

38、ld_was_the_weather_that_we_had_to_stay_at_home.(用倒装句改写句子)6The local government didnt realize the problem until the river was seriously polluted.Not_until_the_river_was_seriously_polluted_did_the_local_government_realize_the_problem.(用倒装句改写句子)7Its time for us to take measures to protect endangered an

39、imals.Its_time_that_we_took/should_take_measures_to_protect_endangered_animals.(用虚拟语气改写句子)8When we approached the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.Approaching_the_city_center,_we_saw_a_stone_statue_of_about_10_meters_in_height.(用现在分词短语作时间状语改写句子)9They are experienced, k

40、nowledgeable, patient and understanding.They are not only experienced and knowledgeable, but also patient and understanding.(用not only .but also .句型改写句子)10We should speak more English.We think it is very important.We_think_it_very_important_to_speak_more_English.(用it作形式宾语合并句子).习作升级题目要求假定你是李华，上周参加了美国

41、朋友David的生日聚会。请你写封感谢信，表达你对聚会的喜爱和对David的祝福。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear David， Yours，Li Hua考生作文Dear David，Im writing to express my grateful feeling for your invitation.Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party last week.It brought me lots of entertainment.During the party

42、, I think what impressed me most was your happy family.Both your parents were enthusiastic over me.I enjoyed it because it made me feel at home.And the dessert and other snacks you offered me were tasty. Besides, the light music and candle light created a nice and warm atmosphere.On account of that

43、I was able to open my heart to your other friendly and active friends like brothers and sisters.Thanks again for your dinner.And the unforgettable experience will be stored in my mind forever.Yours，Li Hua我来升格1将文中加黑词汇升级grateful feelingappreciationI thinkin_my_opinionenjoyedwas_fond_ofBesidesIn_additiona nicean_excellent2将文中加黑句式升级Thank_you_for_inviting_me_to_your_birthday_party_last_week,_which_brought_me_lots_of_entertainment.(用定语从句合并句子)It_is_on_account_of_that_that_I_was_able_to_open_my_heart_to_your_other_friendly_and_active_friends_like_brothers_and_sisters.(用强调句型改写句子)