2020届高考艺考生英语复习教师用书：必修一UNIT 4　EARTHQUAKES WORD版含解析.docx

1、Unit 4Earthquakes阅读单词1.earthquake n地震2million n. 百万3canal n. 运河；水道4steam n. 蒸汽；水汽5extreme adj. 极度的6.track n轨道；足迹；痕迹7mine n. 矿8shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处9reporter n. 记者10outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓11.headline n报刊的大字标题12cyclist n骑自行车的人13farmyard n农场；农家14brick n砖；砖块 15dam n水坝；堰堤写作单词1.burst vt.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n. 突然破

2、裂；爆发2event n. 事件；大事3ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产4destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭5useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的6rescue n&vt. 援救；营救7trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境8bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏9injure vt. 损失；损害10judge n. 裁判员；法官vt. 断定；判断；判决11disaster n. 灾难；灾祸12title n. 标题；头衔；资格语境活用1The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small

3、 village were completely destroyed(破坏)2With so many people buried(掩埋)under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.3Too much drinking will do damage(损害)to your health；you should take the doctors advice.4After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours，the police s

4、ent out a rescue(营救)team to look for them.5This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难)ever to hit the area.拓展单词1.nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked_adj.震惊的3suffering n苦难；痛苦suffer v遭受；忍受；经历4injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的5

5、express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n表达；表情6frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的7congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺8sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的语境活用1A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high spee

6、d.2We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations (congratulate) to him.3She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering (suffer)4It is shocking (shock) that they involved children in the crime.5It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team has won the championship twice in national (na

7、tion) middle school volleyball matches.第一组短语识记1.right away立刻；马上2in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3a (great)number of 许多；大量的4judging from 从判断5be trapped in 陷入语境活用1.Judging from his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.2We were shocked at the news that a (great)number of firefighters were ki

8、lled in the explosion in Tianjin.3I was trapped in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.4The whole country lay in ruins after the war.5Ill send the paper to you right away第二组短语识记1.think little/nothing of认为没什么了不起2at an end 结束；终结3dig out 挖出；发现4be proud of 以而自豪5be buried in 埋头于语境活用My holiday w

9、as nearly 1.at an end and I paid a visit to my cousin.When I came in，he 2.was buried in reviewing his lessons in his study.He got top marks in the final exam and his parents 3.were proud of him.However，he 4.thought little/nothing of what he had achieved.填写课本佳句1.In the farmyards, the chickens and eve

10、n the pigs were too nervous to eat.(too.to.“太而不能”，表否定意义)在农家大院里，鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。2It seemed as if the world was at an end！(as if引导状语从句)好像世界末日到了！3All hope was not lost.(部分否定)不是所有的希望都破灭了。1burst (burst，burst) vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发 教材原句In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里

11、的水管爆裂开来。(1)burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入(2)burst with anger 勃然大怒He burst in without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.一句多译看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然大哭起来。Seeing her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish mista

12、kes，she burst out crying.(burst out doing)Seeing her classmates burst into laughter because of her foolish mistakes，she burst into tears.(burst inton.)短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into后接宾语。2ruin nU；毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟 教材原句In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内

13、，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。ruin oneself毁掉自己in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.If you waste time doing nothing，you will ruin yourself(you)句式升级It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)It rained for two weeks，compl

14、etely ruining our holiday.3bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏教材原句The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。(1)be buried inbury oneself in 埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面 Buried (bury) in his study，he wasnt aware that all the others had

15、 left.Burying (bury)his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.完成句子专心于看报，他没注意到他的爸爸。Buried in reading his newspaper，he didnt take notice of his dad.(bury)4judge n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决教材原句 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.一组五个

16、裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。(1)judge.from/by. 从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(2019全国卷)You also need to judge(judge) the quality and depth of your motivation.(2018江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)完成句子As far as I can judge(据我判断)，i

17、t is more likely that you will get the job.Judging from/by his accent，(从他的口音来判断)，he must be from the south.judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。5a (great) number of许多；大量的 教材原句Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.造成如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们

18、正在睡觉。A large number of books have been stolen(steal)from the library so far.The number of books stolen from the library is(be) large.(2018全国卷)Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.单句写作自去年以来我们已节省了大量的水We have saved a great/large

19、 amount of water since last year.(amount)“large quantities/amounts ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。6trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境He was trapped (trap)in a traffic jam，so he had to wait.The police trapped him into telling(tell) the truth.(1)be trapped in困在中；陷在中trap sb. into(doing)s

20、th. 诱使某人做某事(2)be trapped in的同义短语有：be locked in，be caught in，be stuck in等。7injure vt.损害；伤害；损坏(名誉)；伤害(感情)(2018北京卷)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.(2019天津卷)A war injury (injure)has made hi

21、s left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.These chemicals come from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured受伤者；伤员(2)injury n伤口；伤害8congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词I congratulated him on his success sincerely.Thank you for your letter c

22、onveying congratulations(congratulate) on my appointment.(1)congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就(向某人)祝贺Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)(2)congratulate vt.祝贺，向道喜congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺9shock v. (使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!After the shocking news spread throughout

23、 the whole city, everyone felt shocked.(shock)We were shocked (shock) to see smoke pouring out of the roof.I was shocked at/by the news of his sudden death.(1)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked by/at. 对感到震惊be shocked to do. 因做而震惊(2)shocking adj. 令人震惊的1It seemed as_if the world was at an end!好像世界末日到了！It see

24、med (to sb.)that/as if.“对某人来说似乎”。(1)It seems/seemed(to sb.)as if.意为“(对某人来说)似乎”；as if 在句中引导表语从句。(2)as if除了引导表语从句，也可引导状语从句；(3)as if 从句中可使用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”；与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be)broken.Jack was

25、nt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do)something very clever.He opened his mouth as if to say (say)something.句式升级The tennis player was lying on the floor as if she was hurt badly.(用非谓语动词改写)The tennis player was lying on the floor as if hurt badly.2All hope was not lost

26、.不是所有的希望都破灭了。本句为部分否定的句型。(1)Not all historical buildings are attractive.并非所有的历史建筑都有吸引力。(2)Nothing can change her mind.没有什么能改变她的想法。all.notnot all.部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no，none，

27、never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。完成句子I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything(并非同意你讲的全部)句型转换Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.Not both of the two math problems are very difficult.Not all of them were allowed to go th

28、ere.(变为全部否定)None of them were allowed to go there.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At 3：42 am. everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end！Eleven kilometres directly(direct)below the city，the greatest(great)earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing，wh

29、ich is more than two hundred kilometres away.One third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city la

30、y (lie) in ruins.The suffering of the people was(be)extreme.Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many children (child)were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Then，later that afte

31、rnoon，another big quake shook Tangshan.More buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get(get)People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.话题微写作假如你是China Daily的一名记者，负责报道某地一次强烈的地震情况。请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文。1夜里，一切都开始摇晃，世界似乎到了末日；2有人受伤，有人被埋在废墟下；3很快士兵被派遣到那里，运来了食品和饮用水；4全城又恢复了生机。注意： 1

32、.请根据以上要点写一篇50词左右的短文； 2.尽量使用本单元的知识点； 3.可适当增加细节。范文One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes burst and the electricity cut down.It seemed as if the world was at an end.Some people were injured；others were buried in the ruins.A number of trapped people waited for the rescue.All hope was not los

33、t.The soldiers were soon sent there.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped out.Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane，train and truck.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.第4讲双宾语结构构 成主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语构成这种类型的双宾语结构的动词主要有give，tell，teach，write，bring，promise，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，p

34、ass，award，allow等。动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词to引导的短语来表示方向。1. 2. 句型转换(用to来引出间接宾语)1He gave me some beautiful pictures.答案：He gave some beautiful pictures to me.2He handed the teacher the purse (wallet)答案：He handed the purse (wallet) to the teacher.3She told the students an interesting story.答案：She told an interesti

35、ng story to the students.4We will show you her handwriting.答案：We will show her handwriting to you.5Will you offer me this precious opportunity?答案：Will you offer this precious opportunity to me?6Youd better write me a letter as soon as you get there.答案：Youd better write a letter to me as soon as you

36、get there. 基础巩固单句语法填空1On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations(congratulate)to him on his success.2His house was_destroyed(destroy)in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.3He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried (bury)in the pockets of his dark overcoat.4He went th

37、rough a lot of sufferings(suffer)before new China was founded.5Dont forget to praise them sincerely(sincere)when someone does something good.6She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look)for something.7Many high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins(ru

38、in)8As China develops fast，a number of foreigners are_learning (learn)Chinese as a second language.9To our joy，the long hot summer was at last at an end.10What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.能力提升 .阅读理解Have you ever wondered?1Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?I

39、t can take five hours to go westeast from New York (NY)to London but seven hours to travel eastwest from London to NY.The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet (喷射)stream.The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across

40、 the Atlantic.The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the westeast direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.2What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?Supposing we could magically turn off gravity，would buildings and othe

41、r structures (建筑物)float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth.The Earth is moving at quite a speed，moving at over a thousand miles per hour.If you turn something around your head on a string (细绳)，it goes around in a circle until you let go of the stri

42、ng.Then it flies off in a straight line.“Switching off” gravity would be like letting go of the string.Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line.People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling.Most things outside would fly off into

43、 space.语篇导读本文主要讲述了关于重力与人类生活的两个小知识。1What information can we get from the first passage?AIt is jet stream that affects how fast airplanes fly.BPlanes go slower when they are moving with the wind.CIt takes more time to fly from NY to London than from London to NY.DThe yet stream always blows from the e

44、ast to the west across the Atlantic.解析：A细节信息题。从文中“The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the westeast direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.” 可知影响飞机的是高空气流。2The word “shoot” underline in the 2nd passage probably means “_”Asend forBmove quickl

45、yCcome out Dgrow quickly解析：B词义猜测题。文中“People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling” 说明没有重力后，人就会像子弹出膛一样飞向天花板，所以选B。3It can be inferred that without gravity_.Abuildings and other structures would float awayBtrees and buildings would not easily fly offCsome

46、thing around your head would not fly awayDeverything outside buildings would fly off into space解析：B推理判断题。没有重力后“What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth.”，故选B。4Where can we most probably read in the text?AIn a research paper. BIn a short story.CIn a travel maga

47、zine. DIn a students book.解析：D推理判断题。文章浅显易懂，比喻生动，所以不会是研究性文章，但内容和旅游无关，也不是故事，所以选D。.阅读填句Everybody desires to achieve his own goals._1_ How can we achieve the goals that we make out？Maybe we can learn some tricks from some successful people.Mark Zuckerberg_2_We all have to make countless decisions，which

48、can weigh us down.Decision exhaustion is a real problem.Thats why the CEO of Facebook gets rid of unnecessary choices from his life.Reducing the number of choices is a great way when it comes to making decisions regarding truly important goals.Beyonc KnowlesDont talk about your goals.Talking too muc

49、h can actually hurt your chances of success._3_ We should really be more like Beyonc，who unexpectedly released a full album in 2016.She didnt sit around hyping her work or hawking her new music.She let the album drop and then enjoyed the commercial success and critical praises.Bill Gates and Elon Mu

50、skKeep a tight schedule.Bill Gates and Elon Musk are two busy guys with intense schedules.In fact，both tech giants break their days into many fiveminute periods.Everything is planned，down to the minute._4_Its a great lesson for anyone looking to accomplish more in 24 hours.JK.RowlingFinish what you

51、start，no matter whos watching.In April，Rowling urged people to finish their creative projects，regardless of whether or not they were sure anyone would watch，read，or listen to them.She struggled financially before the Harry Potter series took off._5_ However，she understood that，in order to accomplish

52、 your goals，youll need to believe in them and refuse to give up in the face of adversity.AConsider all your options.BSimplify your choices.CIts difficult to put everything into a tight schedule.DShe also received a ton of rejection letters before her fantasy series was picked up.EThe more you talk a

53、bout your plans，the less motivated you are to actually get stuff done.FThis sort of extreme scheduling can help people boost their productivity and achieve more in a day.GBut the truth is that its always more difficult to do it than to talk about it.语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些成功人士实现他们目标的诀窍和策略。1G空格处前面提到，每

54、个人都渴望实现自已的人生目标；G项“但事实总是做起来比说起来更困难”与前文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选G。2B空格处所填内容是本段的主旨句。根据本段内容可判断出，本段主要讲述了太多的决定会让我们感情疲惫，因此要将那些无关紧要的决策剔除掉。B项“简化选择”体现了本段的主题，适合用作主旨句。故选B。3E空格处前面提到，喋喋不休不利于成功；E项“你越是谈论你的计划，你行动起来的动力就越小”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。4F空格处前面提到，Bill Gates和Elon Musk 的日程安排都很紧，时间精确到分钟；F项“这种紧凑的日程安排能帮助人们在一天之内提高工作效率并做成更多的事情”体现了他们这种紧

55、凑日程安排的效果，承接上文，符合语境。故选F。5D空格处前面提到，在哈利波特系列丛书热销之前，J.K.Rowling的生活并不富裕；D项表示“在哈利波特出版前，她也曾收到过无数封被拒稿的书信”，这些都是描述J.K.Rowling在成功前遇到的挫折，符合语境。故选D。.语法填空Since I was first in China，my life，and China itself，have developed and changed a lot.I came here in 2012 _1_ (travel) and visit a friend.I had a fantastic time，_2

56、_(explore) beautiful places in Beijing，Shanghai，Sichuan and Hong Kong within 5 weeks.Then，with the taste of China in my mouth，I _3_(return) to Beijing as an exchange student in 2014，_4_ I fell in love with this city.Despite the pollution and people everywhere what I saw in Beijing was a city_5_ (con

57、stant)on the move and developing at a pace so unknown to me，a man from a small and sleepy _6_(Australia) city.China today is a country rich _7_ancient knowledge and custom，yet one that is also bursting with _8_(create)Although some things，like the delicious dumplings across China，suggest that they w

58、ill always stay _9_ same，other things are changing at a pace beyond imagination.Im sure，as_10_ (I) life continues here in Beijing，I will be swept over by the next new convenience of life that Chinas rapid development is bringing out.语篇导读本文描述了一个来自澳大利亚的外国人对中国的热爱。1to travel考查非谓语动词。句意为：2012年我来这里是为了旅游和看望

59、一个朋友。表示目的时要用动词不定式，故填to travel。2exploring考查非谓语动词。句意为：我玩得很开心，在五周的时间里我探寻了北京、上海、四川和香港的美丽的地方。分析句子结构可知，此处应是非谓语动词作状语，explore和主语I之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填exploring。3returned考查动词的时态。句意为：然后，我用嘴巴品味中国味道。2014年我作为一名交换生回到北京本句的时间状语是in 2014，所以要用一般过去时。故填returned。4when/and考查定语从句/连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应是定语从句的引导词，先行词是2014，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填wh

60、en；上一句提到作者2014年重新回到北京，设空处后面提到作者喜欢上了这座城市，两个句子之间也可以是时间的顺承关系，故也可以填并列连词and。5constantly考查词性转换。句意为：尽管有污染，并且到处是人，但我看到的北京是一个持续不断前进和发展的城市，发展速度是我这个来自于澳大利亚一个冷清的小城市的人所不知道的。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰后面的介词短语on the move，所以要用副词。故填constantly。6Australian考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词city，应用形容词；根据句意可知，此处指“澳大利亚的”，故填Australian。7in考查介词。句意为

61、：今天的中国是一个有着丰富古老知识与习俗的国家，但也是一个充满创造力的国家。be rich in.为固定搭配，意为“在方面丰富”，此处是形容词短语rich in ancient knowledge and custom作后置定语修饰 a country。故填in。8creativity考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。介词with后面应是名词，动词create意为“创造”，名词creativity意为“创造力”。故填creativity。9the考查冠词。same经常和定冠词连用，stay the same意为“保持不变”。故填the。10my考查代词。life是名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填my。