Unit 1 People of Achievement【Reading and Thinking .docx

1、Unit 1 People of AchievementPeriod 1 Reading and Thinking & Period 2 Learning about Language（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）01学习目标1. Know about a great scientist through reading a biography.2. Study the contents of a biography and rhetorical devices.3. Learn to use non-restrictive relative clauses, rhetorical devi

2、ces and non-predicative verbs to introduce an admirable person in time order.02预习导学一. 核心词汇1 physiology n生理学；生理机能2 crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的3. vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的4. botanical adj.植物学的5. proerty n性质；特征；财产6 extract n提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出7 defeat n失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜8 substance n物质；物品；事实根据9 insist vi.

3、&.vt坚持；坚决要求10. mostly adv.主要地；一般地11 flow n流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动12 chart n图表vt.记录；制订计划二. 核心词汇变形4. commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入 (工作、活动等) committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定，坚信的 commitment n投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证5 academy n(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 academic adj.学业的；学术的6 objective n目标；目的adj.客观的 subjective adj.主观的8 evaluat

4、e vt.评价；评估 evaluation n评价；评估 10. distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 distinction n区别，差别；特点，特性12 boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n沸腾；沸点 boiling adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的13 liquid n液体adj.液体的；液态的 solid n固体adj.牢固的，可靠的15 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 acknowledgement n承认，确认；鸣谢17. analyse vt.分析 analysis n分析 analyses npl.分析 18. appar

5、ently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 apparently adj.显然的；表面上的21 scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 scientist n科学家 science n科学23 conclusion n结论；推论 conclude vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束26 novelist n小说家 novel n(长篇)小说三. 英汉双译短语1commit oneself to doing承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2insist on 坚决要求3wear and tear 磨损，损耗 4pay attention to 注意5lead to 导致6die

6、from 死于病7graduate from 毕业于8 with the objective of以为目的9acknowledge defeat 承认失败 10get stuck 卡住，陷入11 by chance偶然12draw out 抽出；拖延，拉长13 other than 除之外14relate to 与有联系15be distinct from 与不同16 change ones mind 改变主意17care about 关心，在意18beyond ones control 某人无法控制 19under construction 正在建设中 20flow chart 流程图 四

7、重点句型翻译1. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is_thought_to_save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。2. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and T

8、u Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。3. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said.当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说4. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fe

9、llow countrymen.令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。5. From this，he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time.由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。03探究提升词汇精讲1. crucial adj. 关键的，至关重要的思维拓展crucial factor/ issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定

10、be crucial to/for sth.对至关重要be crucial that. 是极其重要的preview n& vt. 预习；预演即时训练Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.2. vital adj. 极其重要的思维拓展be vital to/for sth.对极为重要的It is vital to do sth. 做很重要It is vital that. 是十分重要的Its vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately.

11、我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。即时训练It is vital to keep (keep) an accurate record of every transaction.3. commit v. 承诺，保证；犯罪思维拓展commit v犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证commit sb./sth.to sth.将某人/事交给某处保留commit sb./oneself to sth./doing sth./to do sth.承诺(做)某事commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的committee n委员会即时训练Giving u

12、p my job to go back to fulltime education was a big commitment (commit)，but now I know it was the best decision I had ever made.Most crimes are committed (commit) by young men.4. evaluate vt. 评估，评价经典例句I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。Learn to evaluate all situa

13、tions you find.学着去评估你发现的所有情况。即时训练Our research attempts to evaluate (evaluation) the effectiveness of the different drugs.Ones contributions and mistakes will be evaluated (evaluate) by later generations.5. distinct adj. 有区别的思维拓展distinction n差别；区分；卓著We should learn to make a distinction between right

14、 and wrong.我们应该学会分清是非。She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.她不同凡响，是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。即时训练The new law makes no distinction (distinct) between adults and children.6. acknowledge vt. 承认思维拓展acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事It is universally acknowledged that.是大家公认的acknowledge oneself

15、 beaten承认失败acknowledge sb.向某人打招呼，问候acknowledge sb.s letter向某人表示信已收到acknowledge sb./sth.to be.承认某人/某物是；认为是acknowledge that承认acknowledge sb.as.accept sb.as认为/接受某人是/成为acknowledge sb.with sth.以感谢某人acknowledgement n承认；感谢即时训练Professor Edward is widely acknowledged (acknowledge) as the best tutor in teachi

16、ng the students how to revise essays.7. defeat vt. 击败思维拓展defeat, beat, windefeat击败，强调过程和结果宾语是对手beat打败；(连续)击打宾语是对手win赢得；获胜宾语是game或prize等即时训练The navy played a limited but significant role in defeating (defeat) the rebellion.8. analyse v. 分析思维拓展analysis n分析，它的复数形式是analyses。analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的His a

17、nalysis was always convincing.他的分析总是令人信服的。I want a detailed report of all the analyses.我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。Many compounds are analysable.许多化合物是可分解的。即时训练They collect blood samples for analysis (analyse) at a national laboratory.9. apparently adv. 显而易见的思维拓展apparent=obvious adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的It was ap

18、parent from her face that she was really excited.从她脸上一眼就可以看出她的确很兴奋。It soon became apparent to all that he couldnt solve the problem.很快大家就明白了他无法解决这个问题。即时训练 Apparently (apparent) they are getting divorced soon.10. insist v. 坚持思维拓展insist on sth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事insist on/upon doing sth.坚持要做某事insist on/upon

19、ones doing sth.坚持要求某人做某事特别提示insist的词义不同，其后的宾语从句形式也不同：词意宾语从句坚持要求宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语是“(should)do”结构。坚持认为；坚持说宾语从句使用陈述语气。Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Smith insisted that Tom (should) be put in prison.由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的车，史密斯坚持要求把汤姆送进监狱。即时训练If you insist on/upon leaving now, please go ahead.He insists th

20、at she come(come)11. conclusion n. 总结思维拓展make a conclusion下结论come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论in conclusion(to conclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)jump/leap to conclusions/the conclusion that.匆忙下结论，贸然断定conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclude (sth.)以结束()conclude(从)推断出/断定conclude.(to be).断定(是)Let us conclude

21、 our meeting with a song. 请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。What do you conclude from the facts? 从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？即时训练Ive come to the conclusion (conclude) that hes not the right person for the job.12. circumstance n. 情况思维拓展in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)即时训练Can

22、I use the telephone on the table，sir?Under no circumstances is (be) anyone allowed to use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstance (circumstance)重点句型1. 重点句型Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for

23、 malaria, and is_thought_to_save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。句式分析be thought to do sth.被认为，该句型可以转化为It is/was thought that.。本句可以转化为：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and it is thought that Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a yea

24、r in Africa alone.。At school he was thought to have an attitude problem.(It was thought that he had an attitude problem at school.) 上学时他被认为态度有问题。Land animals are thought to have developed from sea animals.(It was thought that land animals have developed from sea animals.) 陆地动物被认为是从海洋动物进化而来的。即时训练Hes

25、thought to be (be)one of the richest men in Europe.2. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria， and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。句式分析(1)这是一个由and连接而成的

26、并列复合句。介词短语with the objective.作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。短语中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替换。(2)第二个分句中chosen是过去分词用作定语，修饰the first researchers。思维拓展过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。Have you read the novels written by Dickens(which were written by Dickens)?你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？即

27、时训练You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.The garden surrounded (surround) by a long fence belongs to my aunt.3. Upon_hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said.当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说句式分析在本句中，“介词upon动词ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发

28、生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在的时候；当时；一就”。Upon graduating, he joined a small law firm.一毕业他就加入了一个小型律师事务所。Upon finishing it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written.我写完这篇作文时，就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。即时训练Upon/On their return to the country, the womens volleyball team received pr

29、aise and flowers.4. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。句式分析(1)在本句中，It 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语的常见句型：It is名词(a fact，a good idea, a pity, a shame, no wonder)主语从句It is形容词(ne

30、cessary, clear, strange, important, wonderful) 主语从句It不及物动词(happens，doesnt matter，occurs to sb.)主语从句It is过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed)主语从句It is important that he should know about this.重要的是他应该知道此事。It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.据说他已经去了上海。(2) 本句中“It struck him that”表示“他突

31、然感到(觉得)”。struck可用hit /occured to替换。如：It hit/struck/occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.我突然想到以前在什么地方见过他。It struck me that she had come to borrow money.我忽然想到她是来借钱的。(3)句中what was happening to their fellow countrymen是what引导的名词性从句，作介词about的宾语。what引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。W

32、hat caused the accident remains unknown.是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)This book will show you what should be known by good teachers.这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)Our city isnt what it used to be.我们的城市不再是原来的样子了。(引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)思维拓展what 和that引导名词性从句的异同：that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义；what引导名词

33、性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。即时训练 It is a pity that he failed to attend my party. It struck me that nobody was in favour of the change. I lived in what you call ancient Greece.5. From this，he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness， but the spiritual illness of people at that time.由

34、此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。句式分析not.but.意为“不是而是”，可用于连接并列的名词、代词、形容词、副词、介宾短语或分句等。Not he but his brother is to blame.该受责备的是他弟弟而不是他。He failed not because he isnt clever but because he didnt work hard.他失败不是因为他不聪明，而是因为他工作不努力。思维拓展not.but.连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，即谓语与 but 后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的结构还有 eit

35、her.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., there be 句型等。Not the workers but the manager is responsible for that.对那件事负责的是经理而不是工人们。Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生们在津津有味地看着这部电影，他们的老师也是如此。即时训练Either the team leader or the guides have searched (search) for the

36、lost students in the past 3 days.04体系构建05强化训练.单词拼写1.Exercise is a (/krul/)factor in keeping healthy.2.A man can be destroyed but not (打败).3.Further information can be (获得)from our head office.4.The scientists have found six (有区别的)colors of this kind of cat, which is a new breakthrough.1.crucial2.def

37、eated3.obtained4.distinct.单句语法填空1.John paused, (apparent) lost in thought.2.We return in September for the start of the new (academy) year.3.Heres some (boil) water. Have a drink whenever youre thirsty.4.After an (analyse) of the species, the research team confirmed it as a new species.5.Building tr

38、ansportation infrastructure(基础设施) is vital the countrys economic development.6.What makes the writer unique is not only his great works but also his (commit) to what he loves.7.Our mother insists on us (eat) healthy food.8.The effectiveness of this medicine(evaluate) by these scientists the other da

39、y.9.First of all, Im very grateful to my teacher, Mrs Chopra, trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here.1.apparently考查副词。设空处修饰其后的形容词短语lost in thought,应用副词作状语,故填apparently。2.academic考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词year,所以此处应用形容词,故填academic。the new academic year意为“新学年”。3.boiled考查过去分词。句意:这是一些烧开的水。你渴的时

40、候可以喝。boiled water意为“烧开的水,白开水”,故填boiled。4.analysis考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词an和空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词;analyse的名词形式是analysis,意为“分析”。故填analysis。句意:经过对该物种的分析,研究团队确认该物种为新物种。5.to/for考查介词。be vital to/for 为固定搭配,意为“对至关重要”,故填to或for。句意:交通基础设施建设对于该国的经济发展至关重要。mitment考查名词。由设空处前面的his和后面的to可知此处应填名词commitment,one􀆳s commitmen

41、t to sth.表示“某人对某事物的投入”。句意:令这位作家独一无二的不仅是他伟大的作品,还有他对所热爱事情的投入。7.eating考查动名词。句意:我们的母亲坚持要我们吃健康的食物。insist on sb. doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“坚决要求某人做某事”。故填eating。8.was evaluated考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,由句中的时间状语the other day可知此处应用一般过去时,此处指“这种药的有效性在几天前被这些科学家评估过了”,The effectiveness和evaluate之间是被动关系,且主语是第三人称单数,故填was

42、 evaluated。9.who考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,逗号前面是完整的一句话, trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,结合语境可知,“信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会”的人是Mrs Chopra,所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即为Mrs Chopra,故此处应用引导词who。句意:首先,我非常感谢我的老师,Mrs Chopra,她信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会。.完成句子1.在过去的一年中,我们都忙着准备高考,这场考试对于大多数中国

43、学生而言都至关重要。(vital,非限制性定语从句)Over the past year, we have been busy preparing for the National College Entrance Examination, most Chinese students.2.如果你的梦想是成为佼佼者并登上领奖台,你最好完全致力于你的运动。(commit)If your dream is to be the best and reach the winners platform, you had better your sport.3.科学营将于下个月举行,目的是鼓励更多的学生投身

44、科学研究。(objective)The science camp will be held next month more students to throw themselves into research.4.人们普遍认为水资源对我们来说极其重要。(acknowledge) water resources are of vital importance to us. (2022全国甲写作)5.我的朋友坚持要开车送我去那儿,我在这寒冷的日子里感到了温暖。(一句多译)My friend me there, and I felt warmth in the cold day. (insist o

45、n)My friend me there,and I felt warmth in the cold day. (insist that.) (读后续写友情).1.which is vital for/to2.be totally committed to3.with the objective of encouraging;scientific4.It is widely/universally acknowledged that5.insisted on drivinginsisted that he should drive能力提升.课文语法填空Tu Youyou is universa

46、lly acknowledged as a scientist of great 1 (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 2 was formed by the Chinese government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 3 malaria. She and her teamm

47、ates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 4 (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 5 (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulty

48、she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by 6 (boil) the sweet wormwood, she began even 7 (careful) thinking and research work. She drew 8 conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed 9 (it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 10 (draw) out the extract and finally sh

49、e succeeded.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.1.achievements考查名词及其单复数。设空处作of的宾语且根据空前的形容词great可知设空处应用名词,achieve的名词形式为achievement;此处指屠呦呦被普遍认为是一个有伟大成就的科学家,设空处表示“成就”;achievement表示“成就”时是可数名词,空前没有冠词等限定词,应用其复数形式。故填achievements。2.that/which考查关系代词。设空处前为名词短语a research team, 2 was formed by the Chinese government中

50、缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a research team,指物,故用关系代词that或which。3.for考查介词。a treatment for.意为“治疗的方法”,a new treatment for malaria意为“一种治疗疟疾的新方法”,故填for。4.evaluated考查动词的时态。设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语,应用一般过去时,故填evaluated。mitted考查形容词。设空处与patient并列作定语修饰名词scientist,应用形容词。此处表示“尽心尽力的”,故填committed。6.boiling考查动名词。by为介

51、词,后接名词、动名词,提示词为动词,故用动名词。by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”。7.more careful考查形容词的比较级。此处指她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作,含有比较的意思,且前面有even修饰,应用形容词的比较级。故填more careful。8.a考查冠词。draw a conclusion that.得出一个的结论。故填a。9.its考查形容词性物主代词。此处指破坏了它的药用性能,设空处修饰空后的名词properties,应用形容词性物主代词its。10.to draw考查动词不定式。use sth. to do sth.使用某物做某事。故填to draw。.阅读

52、理解AThroughout history, environmentalists have had a great influence not only on natural spaces, but also on our individual lives. Here are four influential ones.John Muir (18381914)His lifelong love for hiking began when he hiked to the Gulf of Mexico in 1867. Muir spent much of his adult life wande

53、ring inand fighting to preservethe wilderness of the West, especially California. His tireless efforts led to the creation of Yosemite National Park, Sequoia National Park, and millions of other conservation areas.Rachel Carson (19071964)Born in rural Pennsylvania, Rachel Carson went on to study bio

54、logy at Johns Hopkins University. After working for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson published The Sea Around Us and other books. Her most famous work, however, was 1962s Silent Spring, in which she described the harmful environmental effects of pesticides (杀虫剂). After Carsons observations w

55、ere proven correct, pesticides like DDT were banned.Wangari Maathai (19402011)Wangari Maathai was from Kenya. After studying biology in the US, she returned to her home country to begin a career in environmental activism. Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, which, by the early 21st century, had

56、 already planted some 30 million trees, provided jobs, and secured firewood for rural communities. In 2004, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while continuing to fight for the planet.David Brower (19122000)David Brower was associated with wilderness preservation. He became the Sierra Clubs first

57、 executive director in 1952,and then, over the next 17 years, the club membership grew from 2, 000 to 77, 000. It won many environmental victories under his leadership. After leaving the club, he went on to found other environmental groups like Friends of the Earth, and the Earth Island Institute.1.

58、Which of the four environmentalists is a writer?A.John Muir.B.Rachel Carson.C.Wangari Maathai.D.David Brower.2.What did Wangari Maathai do as an environmentalist?A.She encouraged green farming.B.She funded rural communities.C.She advocated growing trees.D.She attempted to protect wild animals.3.What

59、 title is the most suitable one for David?A.An environmental activist.B.A great social event planner.C.A city preservationist. D.An environmental scientist.1.B细节理解题。根据Rachel Carson (19071964)部分中的“Carson published The Sea Around Us and other books”可知,Rachel Carson是一位作家,故选B。2.C细节理解题。根据Wangari Maathai

60、(19402011)部分中的“Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement.planted some 30 million trees”可知,作为环境学家,Wangari Maathai倡导种树。故选C。3.A推理判断题。根据David Brower (19122000)部分中的“He became the Sierra Club􀆳s first executive director in 1952.It won many environmental victories under his leadership.he went on to f

61、ound other environmental groups.” 可知,David Brower为了环境保护在不懈地努力着,成立了各种环保团体,因此最适合David Brower的称号是环保活动家。故选A。BThree scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G. Kaelin Jr of the DanaFarber Cancer Institute and Ha

62、rvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.“The meaningful discoveries by this years Nobel winners showed lifes most adaptive processes,”Randall Johnson,a member of the

63、 Nobel Assembly at Swedens Karolinska Institute, said.“The three physicians found the molecular switch(分子开关) that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability,” Johnson said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops,

64、 and as muscles work, the oxygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia

65、, cancer and many other diseases.Kaelin was born in New York and received his doctorate in medicine from Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, and at the DanaFarber Cancer Institute, Boston.Ratcliffe was born in La

66、ncashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.

67、Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a B.A. in biology from Harvard and his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.4.What c

68、an we know about the three scientists?A.They studied different fields.B.They shared one prize.C.They researched heart disease.D.They found the function of embryos.5.What did Johnson think of the discoveries?A.Important.B.Meaningless.C.Interesting.D.Disappointing.6.What do the last three paragraphs m

69、ainly talk about?A.The three scientists achievements.B.The influence of the discoveries.C.The example set by the three scientists.D.The introduction of the three scientists.4.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“William G. Kaelin Jr.were jointly awarded the prize.”并根据其重点信息词 jointly可知三位科学家共得同一个奖项。故选B。5.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Th

70、e meaningful discoveries by this year􀆳s Nobel winners showed life􀆳s most adaptive processes”并根据重点信息词meaningful可推断出Johnson认为这个发现非常重要,故选A。6.D主旨大意题。通过分析最后三段,可看到was born in, received/obtained.from., did his specialist training in., is the director of.等重复的信息,这些信息主要介绍三位科学家的出生信息、学术背景和现在的工

71、作,所以这三段主要在介绍三位科学家。故选D。、.七选五Maybe youre a young scientist wanting to make an influence on the world, or a more seasoned veteran of scientific study who is curious about how to get better at your job. Either way, there are several key steps to develop your ability to make positive contributions to the

72、 world.Experiment with new ideas. An important part of scientific discovery is the result of hard work and luck. Luck has frequently played a large role in scientific discovery. 1 You never know when experimentation and luck will collide (碰撞) to create an important discovery.Be open to failure. You

73、may think a scientist should be smart, skilled in mathematics, and precise. 2 Being a scientist is 90% failure and 10% success.Take charge of your ideas. Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day. 3 As a scientist in a competitive field, you need to create your own op

74、portunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further.Practice your writing skills. 4 Try to do a little writing every day, and put your ideas or thoughts down on the page so you get into the habit of recording your ideas, which could later end up in a published paper or in a lec

75、ture about your latest scientific theory.5 Though hard work is necessary for you to be a good scientist, its important to strike a balance between professional work and personal downtime. Dont let yourself get burnt out.A.Keep a balance between hard work and rest.B.So, dont be afraid to play around

76、with new ideas.C.You will do better work if you work with someone else.D.Create a writing process that suits you and stick to it.E.You should be open to the solutions made by others in the field.F.Though some of them will be bad, many could lead to a new experiment or theory.G.However, an important

77、quality a good scientist should have is a willingness to fail.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.B细节句。根据本段主旨句“Experiment with new ideas.(尝试新想法)”再结合选项可知B项(所以,不要害怕尝试新的想法)符合本段主旨,B选项中的“new ideas”和主旨句中的“new ideas”对应,是原词复现,且B项和空上句“Luck has frequently played a large role in scientific discovery.(运气在科学发现中经常扮演重要角色)”构成因果关系,符合语

78、境。故选B。2.G过渡句。根据空上句“You may think a scientist should be smart, skilled in mathematics, and precise.(你可能认为科学家应该聪明,擅长数学,而且细致)”和空下句“Being a scientist is 90% failure and 10% success.(作为一名科学家,失败占90%,成功占10%)”再结合选项可知,G项(然而,一名优秀的科学家应该具备的一个重要品质是愿意失败)承上启下,对空上句进行语意上的转折,说明科学家也会失败,同时引出下文,进一步说明科学家失败是常事,符合语境。G项中的“f

79、ail”和下句中的“failure”对应。故选G。3.F细节句。根据本段主旨句“Take charge of your ideas.(对你的想法负责)”及空上句“Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day.”可知本段是在建议要努力想出各种点子。分析选项可知,F项(虽然其中一些会是不好的,但许多可能会导致一个新的实验或学说)符合本段主要内容,且与空上句衔接紧密,符合语境。故选F。4.D细节句。根据主旨句“Practice your writing skills.(练习你的写作技巧)”可知,D项

80、(创造一个适合自己的写作过程,并坚持下去)符合语境,是对练习写作技能的具体说明,“writing”是关键词。故选D。5.A主旨句。根据文章结构及其他段的主旨句位置可推知设空处为本段主旨句。根据本段中的“it􀆳s important to strike a balance between professional work and personal downtime(使专业工作和个人休息达到平衡很重要)”和“Don􀆳t let yourself get burnt out.(别把自己累垮)”可知本段主要讨论要平衡工作和休息。A项(努力工作和休息之间要保持平衡)符合本段主旨,可以作为本段中心句。故选A。