专题 19 阅读理解之议论文-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（解析版）.docx

1、专题 19 阅读理解（议论文） 刷大题、提能力1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中学高考模拟试题）Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” i

2、n how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldnt overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declini

3、ng attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way

4、 we read. First, it means theres more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lack

5、ing in profound reflection. Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing

6、oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps hes done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water. The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume

7、 technological change cant be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasnt killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-cho

8、sen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.1What is the authors attitude towards Selvins opinion?AFavorable.BCritical.CDoubtful.DObjective.2Which statement would the author probably agree with?AAdvocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.BDigital writing and r

9、eading tends to ignore careful reflection.CWe should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.DThe number of Internet readers declines due to technology.3Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?ATo demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.BTo stress swimming differs from reading.CTo s

10、how slow reading is better than fast reading.DTo illustrate what slow reading is like.4Which would be the best title for the passage?ASlow Reading is Here to StayBTechnology Prevents Slow ReadingCReflections on Deep ReadingDThe Wonder of Deep Reading【答案】1A 2B 3D 4A【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从各角度就科技对阅读的影响阐述了自己的观点

11、并推崇慢速阅读。1推理判断题。由文章第二段“We shouldnt overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cul

12、tural decline, The American author Selvin wrote. But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. (我们不应该夸大这种危险。所有读者都会略读。略读是我们在学习更熟练地阅读时获得的技能。事实证明，对注意力持续时间下降的担忧是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin写道，一些评论家担心注意力持续时间，认为短篇小说是文化衰落的标志，但从来没有人说诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。)”可知，作者是赞成Selvin的观点，诗歌就是注意力持续时间短但文化丰富的深度阅读，所以对阅读注意力持

13、续时间下降的担忧是没有必要的。故选A项。2推理判断题。由文章第三段“Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.(一旦发表，在线文章就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读模式可以是互动和有趣的，但可能缺乏深刻的反思。)”可知，作者认为在线写作和阅读往往忽视仔细思考。故选

14、B项。3推理判断题。由文章第四段“To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps hes done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.(对于一个慢读者来说，只有沉浸在他们

15、对单词的缓慢理解中，才能完全理解一篇文章。阅读速度慢的人就像一个游泳运动员，他不再计算自己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动。)”可知，一个游泳运动员不再计算自己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动，作者提到游泳运动员是为了说明慢速阅读是什么样的。故选D项。4主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasnt killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bi

16、cycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(在实践中，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有像汽车杀死自行车一样杀死印刷书籍。我们仍然想享受慢慢形成的想法和精心挑选的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间慢慢阅读。)”以及上文可知，作者就科技对阅读的影响阐述自己的观点并认为在快速发展的时代中，我们仍然可以享受慢速阅读。所以A项Slow Reading is H

17、ere to Stay(慢读还是存在的)符文文意。故选A项。2.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题）Its unlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人反感的). The wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path

18、as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms, sidewalks and public transportation.While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your health? According to Phyllis Kozarsky, an expert travel health consultant, most public health professionals dont conside

19、r luggage a major transmitter (传播者) of disease.“We have not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage,” Kozarsky says. Travellers may benefit from cleaning their luggage if they suspect that their hotel rooms are overrun with bedbugs. “Then they certainly would benefit by cleaning it after they

20、returned home,” Kozarsky says.Even if your luggage touching your bed wont hurt you, you might still be disgusted. After all, travel is an experience full of bacteria. “You have people. carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are sick, and you now have them populating these public trav

21、el places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company that makes antibacterial LED lights. Your fellow travellers have to touch all the same things you have to touch, from the TSA checkpoint to the airplane, the train ticketing machine to the handrail in your train car.For peace of mind, Co

22、stello recommends giving your bag a quick disinfection or storing it on a luggage shelf. Of course, you could go beyond disinfecting your luggage wheels and clean thoroughly the rest of your travel experience the airplane tray table, hotel room door and remote control.But Kozarsky doesnt guarantee t

23、hat lifestyle. “Its hard to keep up with every doorhandle, every railing,” Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”5Whats the function of the first paragraph?ATo predict the conclusion.BTo present the argument.CTo introduce the topic.DTo describe the phenomenon.6What does K

24、ozarsky convey by explaining the luggage-cleaning case?ALuggage touching your bed wont hurt you.BLuggage spreads disease through your bed.CIts a must to clean your luggage after travelling.DTravellers should be careful of on-way dangers.7How does Costello support his opinion?ABy giving examples.BBy

25、stating facts.CBy making comparisons.DBy listing figures.8What does Kozarsky think of Costellos suggestion?AIt has gone too far.BIts absolutely worthless.CIt sounds somewhat reasonable.DIts worth taking into consideration.【答案】5C 6A 7B 8A【导语】这是一篇议论文。跟随主人闯荡多年的行李箱放在床上是否对人体有害？专家对此观点不一。5推理判断题。根据第一段“Its u

26、nlikely that you come home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人反感的). The wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms, sidewalks

27、 and public transportation.(你不太可能从旅行回到家，还穿着你的街头鞋站在床上。对一些旅行者来说，把行李箱放在床上同样令人恶心。我们的行李轮子和我们的鞋子一样，在机场的浴室、人行道和公共交通工具上滚动着)”以及第二段“While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your health?(虽然把一个世俗的袋子放在床上听起来很可怕，但它真的对你的健康有害吗？)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题。故选C。6细节理解题。根据第三段“We h

28、ave not identified outbreaks related to dirty luggage(我们还没有发现与脏行李有关的疫情)”以及第四段“Even if your luggage touching your bed wont hurt you, you might still be disgusted.(即使你的行李碰在床上不会伤害到你，你也可能会感到恶心)”可知，科扎斯基通过解释行李清洁案例传达行李碰你的床不会伤害你。故选A。7推理判断题。根据第四段“You have people. carrying all types of different bacteria. Som

29、e of them are sick, and you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company that makes antibacterial LED lights.(“有人携带各种不同的细菌。他们中的一些人生病了，现在他们在这些公共旅行场所聚集，”生产抗菌LED灯的Vital Vio公司的首席执行官科琳科斯特洛说)”可推知，科斯特洛通过陈述事实支持他的观点。故选B。8推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Kozarsky do

30、esnt guarantee that lifestyle. “Its hard to keep up with every doorhandle, every railing,” Kozarsky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”(但科扎斯基并不能保证这种生活方式。科扎尔斯基说：“很难跟上每一个门把手、每一条栏杆。那样你会变得有点神经质。”)”可推知，科扎斯基认为科斯特洛的建议有点太过分了。故选A。3.（安徽省池州市贵池区池州市第一中学2023年高三试题）Who is a genius? This questi

31、on has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the

32、rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions we

33、re made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or belief they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart

34、.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely

35、not.Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer say

36、s, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”9Whats the authors attitude towards victors standards for joining the genius club?APositive.BObjective.CSkeptical.DUnclear.10What can we infer about girls

37、from the study in Science?AThey think themselves smart.BThey look up to great thinkers.CThey see gender differences earlier than boys.DThey are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.11Why are more geniuses known to the public?ABecause of improved global communication.BBecause of less discriminat

38、ion against women.CBecause of acceptance of victors concepts.DBecause of changes in peoples social positions.12What is the best title for the text?AGeniuses Think AlikeBGenius and the Future WorldCGenius and IntelligenceDGenius May Belong to Different Categories【答案】9C 10D 11A 12D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁

39、是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。9推理判断题。根据第三段的“Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club women, or people of a different color or belief they

40、were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才女性或不同肤色或信仰的人做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的，故对此持批判态度。故选C。10推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to a

41、void activities said to be for children who are really, really smart.(更糟糕的是，研究发现，女孩们的行为也遵循这一信念。在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是非常非常聪明的孩子才会做的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。11细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever t

42、hey appear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。12主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才？)”和最后一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, futur

43、e geniuses come from those with intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.(我们看得越多，就越会发现，性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些拥有智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运，能够改变世界的人)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知D项“天才可能属于不同的范畴”为最佳标题。故选D。4.（2023年河南省南阳高

44、三模拟卷）Marilu Arce loves her job, but for a time she considered leaving. The traffic-plagued commute from her home to her office, nearly two hours each way, meant her daughters couldnt enroll in after school activities because she couldnt get home in time to take them. Then her employer adopted a poli

45、cy permitting her to work from home two days a week, and “I feel like it changed my life,” she said. Her stress level has dropped. Her daughters are thrilled. She likes her job more. Thats the type of reaction Arces boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy

46、which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention. So far, it seems to be working: turnover was less than five percent last yearits lowest ever. Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been offering them. St

47、udies have shown working remotely increases employee engagement, but in moderation because there is still value in the relationships nurtured when colleagues are face to face. The key, advocates of flexible work policies say, is to match the environment with the type of work that needs to be done. T

48、he flexibility hasnt hurt productivity, which is up 50 percent. There is “something lost” when colleagues dont gather at the water cooler, but its outweighed by the retention and happiness gains, he said. As jobs that require physical work decline, thanks to technological advances, life superficiall

49、y appears to get better. Consumers benefit in the form of cheaper prices. Labor-saving appliances all make things easier and suggest that even more and better benefits are on the horizon. But is something lost? Talk long enough to the most accomplished academics, they will brag about a long-ago coll

50、ege summer job waiting tables or repairing hiking trails. They might praise the installer who redid their kitchen. There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need. Indeed, the more we have becom

51、e immobile and urbanized, the more we tune in to watch reality televisions truckers, loggers, farmers, drillers and rail engineers. In a society that supposedly despises menial jobs, the television ratings for such programmes suggest that lots of Americans enjoy watching people of action, who work w

52、ith their hands. Physical work, in its eleventh hour within a rapidly changing Western culture, still intrigues us in part because it remains the foundation for 21st century complexity. Before any of us can teach, write or speculate, we must first have food, shelter and safety. And for a bit longer,

53、 that will require some people to cut grapes and nail two-by-sixes. No apps or 3D printers exist to produce brown rice. Physical labour also promotes human versatility: Those who do not do it, or who do not know how to do it, become divorced fromand, at the same time, dependent onlabourers. Lawyers,

54、 accountants and journalists living in houses with yards and driving cars to work thus count on a supporting infrastructure of electricians, landscapers and mechanics. In that context, physical labour can provide independence, at least in a limited sense of not being entirely reliant on a host of hi

55、red workers.13The author mentions the example of Arce to show that_.Ashe dislikes the present job for the long commuting timeBshe is having trouble balancing work and school lifeCpeople usually dont work hard outside officeDemployers are facing the problem of staff drain14The practice of flexible wo

56、rking time is based on the belief that_.Ait helps to increase job satisfaction for the employeesBit improves harmonious relationship among colleaguesCthe decline in physical work gives employees more mobilityDemployees are entitled to request it according to their work15What is the possible reason f

57、or the popularity of hard-work reality-television programmes?AThey entertain those employees burned out with overwork.BPeople can learn some basic labour skills from these programmes.CTheres an ongoing need for physical labour skills that technology doesnt possess.DThey offer instructive information

58、 for both employers and employees.16Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AThe Emergence of Alternative Work ArrangementsBThe Rise of Automation, the Decline in Need for LabourCTime to Rethink in the Face of the Evolution of WorkDNew Challenges for Todays Employers and Academi

59、cs【答案】13D 14A 15C 16C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。灵活的工作制度和技术的发展带来了便利，减少了人们的体力劳动，但体力劳动对人们也有重大意义。13推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“Thats the type of reaction Arces boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retentio

60、n.(这是Arce的老板在公司评估在家工作政策是否成功时喜欢听到的反应。该政策是三年前制定的，旨在提高员工的留任率)”可知，Arce虽然喜欢自己的工作，但由于交通问题想要辞职，老板允许她在家工作后，她更加喜欢这个工作了，这也是老板喜闻乐见的，因为这种政策留住了员工，由此可推测出，列举Arce的例子是为了说明雇主们面临着员工流失的问题。故选D。14推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been of

61、fering them.(灵活的工作政策是员工求职时的首要愿望，雇主越来越多地提供这些政策)”可知，员工求职时的首要愿望就是灵活的工作政策，由此可推测，实施灵活工作可以帮助增加员工的工作满意度。故选A。15细节理解题。根据第五段中的“There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need.(人类似乎有一种想做体力劳动的本能。辛勤工作的真人秀节目的

62、激增反映了这种明显的需求)”可知，辛勤工作的真人秀受到欢迎反映了人类进行体力劳动的需求。故选C。16主旨大意题。通读全文可知，前三段借用Marilu Arce的例子讲述了灵活工作政策带来的好处，第四段结尾用问句“But is something lost?(但是有什么东西失去了吗？)”进行转折，接下来讲述了人们离不开体力劳动的原因。由此可推测出，本文围绕灵活工作政策减少体力劳动展开，讲述了其带来的好处以及并不适用于所有情况，C项“面对工作的演变，是时候反思了”最能反映本文主题。故选C。5.（重庆市四区2023年高三模拟试题）Any image taken from space confirms

63、 that we live on an ocean planet. How strange that we call our planet “Earth,” derived from a Germanic word meaning “the ground,” when more than 70 percent of its surface is covered by ocean.We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protecte

64、d. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being. The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports much of the worlds economy. We need it a lot

65、 more than it needs us.Take Florida, for example, one of the United States recreational hot spots. Its bordered by the Florida Reef Tract, North Americas only living coral barrier reef and the third largest in the world. Home to more than 500 species of fish, the reef is also essential to the Sunshi

66、ne States economy, generating an estimated $1.1 billion annually in tourism. The reef buffers(保护) the coastline, too, since health y coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a waves energy. Three-quarters of Floridas 22 million people live along the coast, and the Florida Reef Tract provides more than $650

67、million in combined economic activity and flood protection.A November 2022 study from the University of Miami has found that 70 percent of Floridas coral reefs are experiencing a net loss of reef habitat. Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the seathe good, the bad, the important

68、. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting. “No one can do everything, but everyone can do something,” Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer at Large, is fond of saying.The oce

69、an is a remarkable teacher, and its never too late to start learning.17What does the sea do for our human?AThe sea changes our climate.BThe sea controls carbon dioxide for us.CThe sea produces all the oxygen we need.DThe sea provides economical benefits for us.18What does the writer suggest?ATravell

70、ing more, learning more.BRunning our business creatively.CRaising awareness of conservation.DDoing some voting before actions.19Where is the passage probably from?AA scientific fiction.BA news report.CA travel journal.DA natural magazine.20What is a suitable title for the text?ATo Hug the Ocean Tigh

71、tly.BTo Learn the Ocean Devotedly.CTo Clean the Ocean Carefully.DTo Love the Ocean Permanently.【答案】17D 18C 19D 20B【导语】本文是议论文。地球表面的70%以上都被海洋覆盖。作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。17细节理解题。根据第二段的“The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports m

72、uch of the worlds economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us.(海洋为我们提供了一半以上的氧气，吸收二氧化碳，调节气候，并支撑着世界大部分经济。比起它需要我们，我们更需要它。)”可知，海洋为我们提供经济效益。故选D。18推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the seathe good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to in

73、form our choices, from traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting.( 直接面对这些问题就是我所说的看海的意思好的，坏的，重要的。知识就是力量，我们可以用它来指导我们的选择，从更谨慎地旅行，到检查我们如何经营我们的企业，再到投票。)”可知，作者建议我们面对所有的问题，用知识指导选择，谨慎旅游，核查企业经营模式等，综上可推断，要提高环保意识。故选C。19推理判断题。根据第二段的“We need more people to see the sea. Right now

74、, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being.( 我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护我们的健康和福祉。)”以及全文内容可知，作

75、者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解海洋，保护海洋。因此推断文章可能选择自然杂志，故选D。20主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health a

76、nd well-being.( 我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护我们的健康和福祉。)”和最后一段“The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and its never too late to start learning.( 海洋是一位了不起的老师，开始了解永远不会太晚。)”可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。因此推断B项“一心一意地了解海洋”为最近标题，故选B。6.（2023年四川省高三高考专家联测卷试题）The cloning

77、 technology has aroused heated discussions among people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer their own genetic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.FOR Cloning is important for women who are

78、 single to have a child, using cloning instead of artificial insemination (授精). Cloning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child died. Another goal of cloning is to produce livestock (家畜) with ideal characters for agriculture and industry and to be able to manufacture biological

79、 products such as proteins for humans. Cloning could be used in various ways to benefit the lives of humans. It may provide a way for completely sterile individuals to reproduce! It may provide a way for homosexual couples to reproduce themselves, and it will probably provide a valuable basic resear

80、ch and possibly spin off technologies related to reproduction and development. Cloning would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect organs for transplant. This surely would be immensely beneficial to millions of unfortunate people who are expected to lose their liv

81、es due to failure of a single organ or more organs.AGAINST Cloning would intervene in the normal cycle of life. There would be a large number of identical (相同的) genes, which minimizes (使减少到最低限度) the chances of mutation (变异), and, in turn, evolutionthe fundamental reason why living things naturally a

82、dapt to the ever-changing environment. With genetic engineering and human cloning it is possible to use these in the arsenal (兵工厂) of ethnic cleansing (清洗) creating inequality in our society, which would be the beginning of many wars. Another argument against cloning is that it would be available on

83、ly to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality. If the technology were to be so, scientists could transfer human genes into animals and vice versa, which would heighten the danger of developing zoonoses, diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. It could create a worldw

84、ide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop. Genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world into chaotic darkness. Cloning dead loved ones will not bring them back; they may look like them, but they will have a different personality.21If a single lady wants a baby but she

85、does not accept artificial insemination, she might _.Athink about cloning technology to copy oneBbe against having a child from cloning technologyCproduce livestock with ideal charactersDspeak little of the cloning technology22The purpose of the writer writing the passage is to _.Aencourage us to su

86、pport the ideas of FORBadvise us to accept the ideas of AGAINSTCtell us to understand the ideas of FOR and AGAINST correctlyDintroduce us to remember the ideas of FOR and AGAINST23Whats the authors attitude towards cloning?AFavorable.BObjective.CCritical.DDoubtful.24What would be the best title for

87、the passage?AHow many advantages are there?BHow many disadvantages are there?CWhich side is wrong?DWhich side are you with?【答案】21A 22C 23B 24D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了支持和反对克隆技术的不同观点和意见。21细节理解题。根据FOR项第一条中的“Cloning is important for women who are single to have a child, using cloning instead of artificial in

88、semination (授精).(克隆技术对单身女性生孩子很重要，用克隆技术代替人工授精)”可知，如果一位单身女性想生孩子但是不接受人工授精，她可以考虑用克隆技术克隆出一个孩子，故选A。22推理判断题。根据全文大意，尤其是第一段“The cloning technology has aroused heated discussions among people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer their own ge

89、netic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.(克隆技术引起了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种克服自身基因缺陷的方法。其他人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，本文的写作目的就是让大家正确认识人们对克隆技术所持的赞同与反对的观点。故选C。23推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者只是列举了对克隆技术的正反两种观点，所以对此持客观态度，故选B。24主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The cloning technology has

90、 aroused heated discussions among people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer their own genetic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.(克隆技术引起了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种克服自身基因缺陷的方法。其他

91、人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，文章从FOR与AGAINST两个角度陈述了人们对克隆技术持有的不同观点，因此D项“Which side are you with?(你赞成哪一边？)”为最佳标题。故选D。7.（2023年广东省汕头市金山中学高考三模英语试题）Weve all been there. It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge, cooking seems arduous and the solution is obvious: takeaway. Its easy for takeaways to

92、 become a regular habit. At some point, you have to wonder: even if you dont look different in the mirror, is it doing you any harm?There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship isnt clear. A 2022 study found a connection between eating takeaway-style

93、food in the 24 hours before taking the survey and increased BMI in participants, although the researchers were careful to point out that they didnt know whether frequently eating takeaways made people overweight, or whether overweight people frequently eat takeaways. There is, however, evidence that

94、 simply living near(or walking past)a takeaway outlet or two can have an impact on body weight, with exposure to outlets near the workplace, most likely to tempt people. But why? Well, takeaway food tends to be high in fat and salt - ingredients that are relatively cheap and taste good, making you m

95、ore likely to reorder. There is also some evidence that junk food can be addictive, as the combination of salt, fat and sugar makes it hard to stop eating. There is also the nutritional quality of the ingredients themselves. “Most takeaways contain highly processed ingredients and additives, nutrien

96、t-poor carbohydrates and plenty of deep-fried foods cooked in oil repeatedly heated to high temperatures, says Pearson. So, what is the message? If you must place that order, consider the options:The worst offenders on any menu are likely to be fried foods, or anything covered in high-sugar sauces.

97、If you order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are going for Indian food, go heavy on the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavourful and healthy.Finally, try to cut your consumption: consider switching your daily routes, hide the men

98、us, and delete the apps on your phone.25What does the underlined word arduous in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AAttractiveBTroublesomeCConfusingDDull26What are researchers still unclear about?AThe cause and effect relationship of takeaways and being overweightBWhether there is any connection between tak

99、eaways and being overweightCWhich ingredients in takeaway food are the most addictiveDWhether takeaways near the workplace are more likely to attract people27Which takeaway choice would the writer consider least harmful?AHamburgers and friesBIndian main coursesCFried noodlesDSteamed dumplings28Which

100、 of the following is the best title for the passage?ATakeaways make you fatBAre takeaways harmful?CHow to choose the best takeawayDHow to avoid takeaways【答案】25B 26A 27D 28B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就外卖是否对人身体有害进行了讨论。25词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge(这是漫长的一天，冰箱里什么都没有)”可知，冰箱

101、里什么都没有，所以没法烹饪，即烹饪很困难，由此可推知划线单词“arduous”意为“困难的”，与B项“Troublesome(困难的)”意思一样，故选B。26细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship isnt clear. (有一些证据表明，吃太多的外卖与体重增加有关，但这种关系尚不清楚)”可知，吃太多的外卖与体重增加有关之间的关系尚不清楚，即研究人员对外卖与体重增加的因果关系尚不清楚，故选A。27推理判断题。根据倒数第二段

102、中“The worst offenders on any menu are likely to be fried foods, or anything covered in high-sugar sauces. If you order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are going for Indian food, go heavy on the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavo

103、urful and healthy.(在任何菜单上危害最大的可能是油炸食品，或任何上面浇着高糖酱汁的食物。如果你点中国菜，可以点蒸饺、烤鱼或者汤。如果你想吃印度菜，那就多吃一些配菜，比如咖喱豆和土豆，它们通常更加美味和健康)”以及结合选项推知，作者认为蒸饺是对人身体产生最小危害的外卖，故选D。28主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Its easy for takeaways to become a regular habit. At some point, you have to wonder: even if you dont look different in the mirror,

104、is it doing you any harm?(外卖很容易成为一种习惯。在某些时候，你不得不怀疑：即使你在镜子里看起来没有什么不同，这对你有什么害处吗？)”可知，文章主要就外卖是否对人身体有害进行了讨论。B项“外卖有害吗？”适合作文章标题，故选B。8.（2023年辽宁省锦州市渤海大学附属中学高三试题）Whats more important in determining life success-book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting t

105、he relative importance of cognitive(认知的)intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI).Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often ear

106、n more money, and tend to be healthier in general.But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences-one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligen

107、ce training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. A

108、ccording to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employees emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at t

109、he results of social and emotional learning programmes, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviours, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empat

110、hetic(感同身受的)towards others.All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may li

111、e in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills.29What can we know about people with book smarts?AThey can debate with other people.BThey can deal with v

112、arious situations.CThey can be outstanding in academic research.DThey can be good at gaining real life experience.30Why does the author mention the data in Paragraph 3?ATo indicate the strictness of the hiring process.BTo prove the importance of emotional intelligence.CTo explain the result of emoti

113、onal intelligence tests.DTo show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success.31What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence?AEvaluating how others feel.BOnes extreme behavioursCOnes academic performance.DControlling others emotions.32Which of the following is a suitable title for the

114、 text?ADoes book smarts matter?BIs CI or El more important?CWhat counts most in life?DMental health or physical health?【答案】29C 30B 31A 32B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了一个问题，决定人成功的究竟是智商还是情商。最终得出了智商和情商都在人的成功上发挥很重要的作用。但人的成功不仅仅是这两个因素决定的，同时还有很多其他方面的因素。29细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an i

115、mportant element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement.(认知智力仍然被认为是成功的重要因素，尤其是在学术成就方面)”可知，读书聪明的人往往在学术研究方面表现突出。故选C项。30推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employees emotional intelligence more than h

116、is cognitive intelligence.(根据一项对招聘经理的调查，几乎75%的应答者表示，他们更重视员工的情商，而不是他的认知智力)”可以推知，作者在第三段提到数据是为了证明情商的重要性。故选B项。31细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding w

117、ays to be more empathetic (共鸣) toward others. (情商包括品格教育、教学策略建模积极行为，鼓励人们去思考别人的感受，和他人产生共鸣)”可知，关于情商我们能学到评估别人的感受。故选A项。32主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whats more important in determining life success book smarts or street smarts? (在决定人生成功的过程中，哪一个更重要书本知识还是街头智慧？)”以及最后一段“Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligen

118、ce play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas.(认知智力和情商在整体成功，以及卫生、健康和幸福中都发挥着作用。与其关注哪些因素具有优先影响力，学习提高多个领域的技能才是最有益的)”可知，文章一直在讨论情商与智商谁

119、更重要，故选B项。9.（2023年天津市南开中学高三阶段性试卷）No business would welcome being compared to gambling. Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the ter

120、m. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who dont think so say that this is just another moral panic

121、. Similar warnings have been given about television, rocknroll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.However, supporters argue that game developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extre

122、mely attractive. For one thing, the business- model has changed: In the old days, games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, game-makers combine psychological theor

123、y and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a

124、term that originated in casinos (赌场).The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public

125、mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.33What do we know from Paragraph 1?AIt is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.BParents complain about their childrens addiction to gambling.CGaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.DMore doctors are against the use of

126、 the term “addicted”.34What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?AUnexpected addiction caused by science and technology.BWrong judgment on how harmful something is.CTrouble caused by someones immoral behavior.DAn astonishing claim of the unexpected panic.35What do games develo

127、pers do to make games attractive?AThey dont charge players for in-game goods.BThey keep players video game machines updated.CThey reward big spenders with a unique title.DThey adjust products based on received data.36In the last paragraph, the author aims to _.Aoffer a suggestionBmake a predictionCg

128、ive a warningDput forward a solution37What is the best title for the text?AAddiction: A Warning to the Gaming IndustryBAddiction: Not a Blame on GamesCGames: A New Kind of GamblingDGames: The Cause of Mental Disorder【答案】33C 34B 35D 36C 37A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇提到世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就“游戏真的会让人上瘾吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们

129、给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。33细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On January 1 this year, gaming disorder in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). (今年1月1日，游戏障碍（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可，游戏障碍指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游戏)”可知，游戏上瘾被权威机构WHO认定为疾病。故选C项。34词句猜测题。根据前一句“Ar

130、e games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. (游戏真的会让人上瘾吗？)”，划线词所在句“Those who dont think so say that this is just another moral panic. (那些不这么认为的人说，这只是又一次moral panic。)”，其中another指代众多类似当中的另外一个，根据下一句“Similar warnings have been given about television, rocknroll, jazz, comic books, nov

131、els and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected. (对于电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说，甚至是填字游戏，人们也给出了类似的警告，但事实证明，它们并没有人们想象的那么有害。)”可知，当以上提及的电视、摇滚乐等出现在人们视野的时候，人们都认为它们对人类是有害的，并因此发出要抵制这些东西的警告，但是事实证明它们没有预想的那么有害，属于一场虚惊，只不过是人们的moral panic，可表达为“道德恐慌”，与B项“Wrong judgment on how harmfu

132、l something is. (对某物危害性的错误判断。)”。故选B项。35细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. (然而，支持者认为，游戏开发者有动机和手段来设计他们的产品，使其具有极大的吸引力。)”，以及“For another, games-makers combine psychological theory and

133、data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players spending. (另一方面，游戏开发者将心理学理论和数据结合起来，这有助于他们最大化游戏时间。智能手机和现代电子游戏机使

134、用它们的永久互联网连接将游戏玩法数据传回给开发者。通过这种方式，游戏会不断调整产品以鼓励玩家消费。)”可知，游戏开发者不但掌握游戏者心理，还实时掌握着游戏者的游戏数据，并根据这些数据对游戏进行调整，使游戏有新鲜感，使游戏者玩得停不下手。故选D项。36推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. (游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在一个问题，而且这个问题正在加剧。)”，以及最后一句“Anyw

135、ay, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. (无论如何，在公众的心目中与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，都不会给这个行业带来任何好处。)”可推知，作者在最后一段中向游戏业发出了警示：在现实世界中，游戏行业有着持续的问题，且人们将它与赌博业相提并论，这对这个行业发展无益。故选C项。37主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today, however, even more doctors are using the

136、 term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).(然而今天，更多的医生在使用这个术语。今年1月1日，游戏障碍（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可，游戏障碍指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游戏。)”和文章最后一段“The gaming industry should realize that, in t

137、he real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.(游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在一个问题，而

138、且这个问题正在加剧。既然游戏成瘾得到了世界卫生组织的正式承认，诊断将变得更加普遍。无论如何，在公众心目中，将赌博与公平与否放在一起，对这个行业都没有任何好处。)”可知，文章主要讲述了世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就“游戏真的会让人上瘾吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。由此可知，A项：Addiction: A Warning to the Gaming Industry(上瘾：对游戏产业的警告)为合适的标题。故选A。10.（2023年哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三试题）Even though people have been disabled playing s

139、ports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zones, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip-up could be your downfall. Nobody who

140、gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and traini

141、ng makes an extreme thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly reduces it. Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athletes way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8, 000 meters or

142、in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get. Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete

143、does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous pla

144、ces to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete. To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances.

145、 Some things are out of our control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.38What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports?AExtreme sports differ from one another.BSkill matters a lot in maintaining safety.CAthletes luck is a key factor that inf

146、luences safety.DExtreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports.39Why are several extreme sports listed in Paragraph 4?ATo explain danger depends on the athlete.BTo show free soloing is the most dangerous.CTo compare which one involves the most skill.DTo demonstrate how to choose an extreme sp

147、ort.40What is the authors attitude towards the danger of extreme sports?AObjective.BDoubtful.CIntolerant.DUnconcerned.41Which of the following is the best title of the text?ADo Extreme Sports Test Your Courage?BWhy Should Extreme Sports Be Banned?CAre Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?DWhy Do We

148、Take to Extreme Sports So Much?【答案】38B 39A 40A 41C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了作者对于极限运动危险性的认识。38主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine. That do

149、es not wipe out the danger, but it greatly reduces it.(对大多数人来说，极限运动之所以是极限运动，仅仅是因为它们需要比普通人更多的技巧。一个运动员运用技巧和训练是一个极端的事情被提上日程。这并不能完全消除危险，但可以大大减少危险)”可知，第二段主要讨论了在极限运动中，运动员的技巧在保障自身安全的过程中是非常重要的。故选B。39推理判断题。根据第四段“Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through building

150、s, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of co

151、urse. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete.(一些人把跑酷（跑、跳、爬建筑物下面、周围和穿过建筑物的运动）视为一种极限运动，但它更像是一种生活哲学，运动员不必做任何危险的事情。自由独攀，也就是在没有安全装备的情况下攀爬岩石或冰面，

152、绝对是致命的，一次滑倒几乎就意味着死亡，当然，这取决于高度。滑板相对安全，但如果你经常找一些可笑的地方练习，比如桥的栅栏，那么事情就会变得非常复杂。极限部分取决于运动员)”可推知，在第4段中，列举了几种极限运动来解释危险取决于运动员。故选A。40推理判断题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circu

153、mstances. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.(总之，是的，极限运动是危险的，但危险取决于运动员，他们对运动的选择，他们采取的方向，以及环境。有些事情是我们无法控制的，而有些事情我们可以通过锻炼和更健康的风险选择来影响)”可推知，作者对极限运动的看法是客观的。故选A。41主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangero

154、us, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.(总之，是的，极限运动是危险的，但危险取决于运动员，他们对运动的选择，他们采取的方向，以及环境。有些事情

155、是我们无法控制的，而有些事情我们可以通过锻炼和更健康的风险选择来影响)”及前文论述可知，作者认为极限运动的危险和很多因素都有关，不能简单地把极限运动和危险等同起来。由此可知，Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?(极限运动真的那么危险吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。11.（2023年北京市第四中学高三保温测试试卷）The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and bonuses that seem t

156、o make it a job hunters market. The concept sounds simple American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isnt complete. Employers are unable to find the workers they want at the wages theyre willing to pay. Failing to apprecia

157、te this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road. The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there arent enough workers, employers pay more to get them and wages go up. Yet quickening wage growth isnt the only mark of a shortage.

158、The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job growth. Just look at whats been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, were starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292,

159、 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, theyre able to attract the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre

160、-COVID levels; they are not too high. To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be thought of a

161、s taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in Mass

162、achusetts. The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be counterproductive.42What does Mays rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry

163、 tell us?AThe leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.BRapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.CThe economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.DEmployees are eager to work after the COVID-19.43Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in para

164、graph 5?ATo explain an opinion.BTo clarify a concept.CTo present a fact.DTo make a prediction.44Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?AJob market is expected to be strongerBTake wisdom to assess labor shortagesCCompetitors are eager to keep talentDLet the market fix labor shortages

165、【答案】42B 43A 44D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。五月份，“劳动力短缺”一词成为谷歌热词。然而，归根结底，在市场上，短缺并不是普遍存在的。同时出现的短缺和盈余在任何时候都可能影响整个经济，这就是为什么笼统的政策可能会适得其反。因此，劳动力短缺最好由市场进行调控，不要制定笼统的政策。42推理判断题。根据第四自然段“Yet quickening wage growth isnt the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling(停滞)job growth. Just look at wh

166、ats been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, were starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. (然而，工资增长的加快并不是短缺的唯一标志。迹象表明

167、，这一趋势与就业增长停滞同时出现。看看休闲和酒店业发生了什么，这是新冠肺炎疫情最严重的行业之一。在疫情期间就业岗位几乎消失后，我们开始看到反弹：5月份，该行业创造了29.2万个就业岗位，远远超过了经济的其他领域。)”可知，5月份休闲和酒店业就业岗位的反弹的例子是为了支撑本段的主旨句，即工资增长的加快并不是劳动力短缺的唯一标志，换句话说，工资快速增长与就业增长停滞有关。故选B。43推理判断题。根据第五自然段“The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in enginee

168、ring. (出租车排队模型被用来解决工程领域工人短缺的争论。)”可知，本段第2句用出租车排队模型主要是解释在不同的地点，不同的行业可能会存在不同的人员短缺，即劳动力供求关系在不同行业存在区别。故选A。44主旨大意题。文章第一段引出“劳动力短缺”话题；第二段讲述一般人和经济学家对劳动力短缺的不同理解，不同的理解可能会导致今后的政策失误；第三段讲述在市场中，供求规律应该使发现劳动力短缺相对简单，即当没有足够的工人时，雇主会支付更多的工资来雇佣工人，工资就会上涨。第四段进行反证，工资快速上涨并不一定说明劳动力短缺，也存在别的可能性；第五段用出租车排队模型解释劳动力供求关系在不同行业的不同情况；第六

169、段是总结段，讲述劳动力短缺和盈余都可能在整个经济中出现，这就是为什么笼统的政策可能适得其反，必须具体问题具体对待，和第二段主题相呼应。分析得出，文章主要讲述劳动力短缺最好由市场进行调控，不要制定笼统的政策。故选D。12.（2023年天津市耀华中学高三年级第二次模拟考试英语试题）Machines work well at a constant speedand the faster the better. They are designed and built for it. Whether they are spinning cotton or dealing with numbers, re

170、gular, repetitive actions are what they excel at.Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines, for machines. We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People are judged by the speed with which they respond, not the quality of their response. Such ideas are being woven into

171、 our culture. “Always on” becomes something to boast of, or aspire to.Most of us are busy most of the time, if not with work then with family, domestic tasks or our social networksreal and virtual. When I ask people how they are doing, they almost always answer “busy”. Ticking things off the “to do”

172、 list becomes a means of defining ourselves.A few years ago, I became very interested in what it means to pause. I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life. For example, I realized that when I was writing, a short walk was a more effective way to break a creative block than con

173、centrating harder.I realized that a pause is not nothing. It acts as a kind of switch or opening. As Helene Simonsen, a classical musician, says, “Whatever you are doing, if you want something else to happen, you need to pause.” It is not a fixed unit of time. It might be taking a moment before you

174、enter a room, but it could also be a “screen-free Saturday”, a “Think Week” every two years (which works for Bill Gates) or a year-long vacation. However fast you are moving, there is always the chance to pauseto rest, reflect or refresh of course, but also to appreciate, get perspective, connect to

175、 others, or have new ideas.There is more to life than getting things done. Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isnt a uniform raw materialas the physics of Einstein shows. Try to let go of the idea that time

176、 is linear (直线型), regular and objective, and think of it in the same way we experience it. Instead of setting work and life against each other, use pauses to leaven (为增色) your experience. Pause is like yeast (酵母): you dont need much, but it is a vital ingredient.I want to give pauses more visibility

177、, importance and status. My hope is that each of us can use pauses, great and small, to avoid sliding into a mode where we act like poorly performing machines.45What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?AThe widespread use of machines has destroyed our life.BPeople have become quite obsessed w

178、ith response speed.CPeople always get pleasure from competing with machines.DIts difficult for people to adapt to a highly mechanized life.46The underlined phrase “Ticking things off the to do list” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.Alearning to slow downBconcentrating on one thingCselecting

179、 what we should doDgetting things done one by one47According to the author, how does taking a pause benefit us in a busy life?AIt makes your life dynamic and delightful.BIt improves our working efficiency greatly.CIt helps develop interpersonal connections.DIt enables people to do what they want to

180、do.48Which of the following statements best sums up the authors understanding of time?ATime can never get returned.BTime exists in the form of lines.CTime is precious that we all need to cherish.DTime is what everyone experiences uniquely.49What message does the author want to convey about “pauses”

181、at the end of the passage?AThey are useless if taken for short periods of time.BThey are for those who have too much spare time.CThey play a vital role in our well-being and creativity.DThey bring harm to our ability to perform efficiently.【答案】45B 46D 47A 48D 49C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是在这个人人都忙的社会适时按下暂停键，

182、可以避免陷入一种我们就像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。45推理判断题。根据首段中的“Machines work well at a constant speedand the faster the better.(机器以恒定的速度运转良好而且越快越好)”以及第二段中的“We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People are judged by the speed with which they respond, not the quality of their response.(我们适应机器，按照机器的标准来要

183、求自己:人们的评判标准是反应的速度，而不是反应的质量。)”可知，我们人类像机器一样，判断标准是反映的速度而不是质量，由此可知，人们痴迷于反应速度。故选B项。46词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Most of us are busy most of the time, if not with work then with family, domestic tasks or our social networksreal and virtual. When I ask people how they are doing, they almost always answer “busy”.(我们大多数人

184、大部分时间都很忙，如果不是忙于工作，那么就是忙于家庭、家务或我们的社交网络不管是真实的还是虚拟的。当我问人们近况如何时，他们几乎总是回答“很忙”。)”可知，大多数人大部分时间都是很忙，忙工作、忙家务，各种忙，由此可知，本段讲述的内容与“忙”相关，所以划线短语所在的句子所描述的内容应与本段主题“忙”相关，结合选项，“一个接一个地做事情”与本段的主题吻合。故选D项。47推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“However fast you are moving, there is always the chance to pauseto rest, reflect or refresh of cours

185、e, but also to appreciate, get perspective, connect to others, or have new ideas.(无论你走得有多快，总有机会停下来休息、反思或刷新，但也要欣赏、获得视角、与他人联系或有新的想法。)”可知，在忙碌的时候，按下暂停键，可以让我们得到休息，重新振奋精神，去欣赏，从不同角度获得新的见解或不同的想法，由此推断，在忙碌的生活中按下暂停键会让生活充满活力和快乐。故选A项。48细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice

186、-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isnt a uniform raw materialas the physics of Einstein shows. Try to let go of the idea that time is linear (直线型), regular and objective, and think of it in the same way we experience it.(我们所经历的时间变化很大。一分钟吃冰淇淋和一分钟做俯卧撑是不一样的。甚至时间本身也不是一种

187、统一的原材料正如爱因斯坦的物理学所表明的那样。试着放弃时间是线性的、有规律的和客观的想法，以我们经历它的方式来思考它。)”可知，我们所经历的时间大不相同，时间本身也不是统一的原材料，作者建议放弃时间是线性的观点，用我们自己体验它的方式来思考它，由此可推断，作者认为时间是每个人独特的体验。故选D项。49推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I want to give pauses more visibility, importance and status. My hope is that each of us can use pauses, great and small, to avoid sli

188、ding into a mode where we act like poorly performing machines.(我想赋予停顿更多的可见度、重要性和地位。我的希望是，我们每个人都能利用或大或小的停顿，避免陷入一种像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。)”可知，作者希望人们不会像机器一样，做着有规律地重复动作，我们应该利用好大大小小的暂停，结合倒数第二段中的“Instead of setting work and life against each other, use pauses to leaven (为增色) your experience. Pause is like yeast (酵

189、母): you dont need much, but it is a vital ingredient.(不要把工作和生活对立起来，要利用停顿来丰富你的经历。暂停就像酵母：你不需要太多，但它是至关重要的成分。)”可知，我们不是把工作与生活对立起来，而是使用暂停让生活充满色彩，暂停像酵母一样，不需要很多，但是很重要，由此可推断，暂停在对我们的幸福和创造力起着至关重要的作用。故选C项。13.（2023届山东省烟台市高三二模英语试题）“I know when to go out, and when to stay in.”, English rock star David Bowie once c

190、onfidently sang in his hit single. When it comes to consuming food, the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve. I disagree with the statement and argue its better to eat out than to order home delivery.To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, were immediately greet

191、ed not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelingsthe eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music. To eat out i

192、s to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that simply cant be reproduced by ordering home delivery. Eating out is, without doubt, the more exciting and thus better choice.Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful. Whether it is

193、 because we need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones, going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.We could take it as an opportunity for self-careto treat ourselves by dressing up, arriving in sty

194、le at a fancy restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul. Ordering home delivery would only contribute to feelings of being penned in while; eating out is an escape for the trapped individual. Food delivery app users reason its a trouble and less convenient to d

195、ress up and eat out.However, its worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for home delivery. Theres a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that cant be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just

196、wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.50What does the author mainly talk about?ADining options.BCuisine culture.CConsumption level.DFood categories.51What advantage of eating out is highlighted in paragraph

197、2?AQuality service.BComfort and convenience.CSensory enjoyment.DA reasonable mix of nutrition.52What does the author think of ordering home delivery?AIts quite pricey.BIt may let consumers down.CIt may cause food waste.DIts not environmental-friendly.53How is the text developed?ABy providing example

198、s.BBy following space order.CBy making comparisons.DBy analyzing mental processes.【答案】50A 51C 52B 53C【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读者“在外面吃饭”是更好的选择。50推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“I disagree with the statement and argue its better to eat out than to order home delivery.”（我不同意这种说法，并认为在外面吃饭比点外卖送到家要好。）和

199、最后一段关键句“Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.”（因此，在外就餐更有意义，而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家。）可知，作者在文章中把“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，认为在外就餐更有意义。由此可知，作者主要谈论了用餐选择问题。故选A项。51推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, were immediately

200、greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelingsthe eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music.”（首先，当我们

201、走进一家餐厅时，迎接我们的不仅是一位准备让我们就座的服务员，还有一种洪流般的身体感觉眼睛注视着餐厅的内部装饰，鼻子呼吸着精心烹制的食物的怡人气味，耳朵听到顾客相互竞争的聊天声和吸引人的店内音乐。）可知，第二段强调了外出就餐可以让眼睛、鼻子和耳朵等感官都获得享受。由此可知，第二段强调了外出就餐的好处是可以获得感官上的享受。故选C项。52推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Theres a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that cant be sent back. What

202、 we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.”（收到的食品订单有丢失的风险，甚至是无法退回的完全错误的订单。我们为了方便而牺牲的东西最终可能会变得不方便。因此，在外就餐更有意义，而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家。）可知，作者认为点外卖面临着订单丢失或订单错误的风险，这会让我们感到失望。由此可知，作者

203、认为点外卖送到家可能会让消费者失望。故选B项。53推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that simply cant be reproduced by ordering home delivery.”（外出就餐是为了体验每一家餐厅特有的氛围。像这样特别的东西根本无法通过点外卖送到家来复制。）和第三段关键句“Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying hom

204、e proves too painful.”（当待在家里太痛苦时，外出就餐变得更有吸引力。）可知，作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读者“在外面吃饭”的好处。由此可知，文章是通过比较发展起来的。故选C项。14.（2023年山东省淄博市高三试题）There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and wha

205、t members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that gr

206、oups function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows th

207、e elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, c

208、ausing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, f

209、inancial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderlys attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to m

210、ove to keep up with their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers

211、 of older people who function independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodation

212、s.54What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?ATheir status of respectability.BTheir value in productivity.CTheir rich knowledge in education.DTheir extraordinary ability to work.55What can we learn about the elderlys retirement from Paragraph 3?AIt has faded the elderly worries.BIt mean

213、s the end of productive ability.CIt is considered beneficial in all distances.DIt influences the elderly psychologically and financially.56What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?APlanning.BChanging.CExtending.DCanceling.57Where is this text probably taken from?AA personal jo

214、urnal.BA science research.CA social issue review.DA community brochure.【答案】54B 55D 56A 57C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。54推理判断题。根据第二段中“In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life exper

215、iences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.(在农业社会中，老年人享有受人尊敬的地位。他们的生活经验和知识被认为是有价值的，特别是在尚无文字的社

216、会，知识是口头传播的。这些社会中的活动范围使老年人能够继续成为社区中有生产力的成员)”可知，在农业社会老年人的生活经验和知识使他们依旧具有生产力价值，从而获得尊敬。由此可知，生产力上的价值对于农业社会的老年人很重要。故选B项。55推理判断题。根据第三段中“ older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retireme

217、nt is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for

218、 individuals and society.(越来越多的老年人在他们的生产年龄结束之前就被迫退休，这给他们的老年心理适应带来了问题。退休并非在所有情况下都是不利的，但其经济上的限制往往进一步使老年人远离影响的范围，并在延长闲暇时间和住房的使用方面产生问题。因此，为退休做财务准备已成为个人和社会日益关注的问题)”可知，退休问题会引起老年人的心理适应问题，并在经济上限制老年人的活动和影响力，使其不得不做好财务准备。因此，退休在心理和财政两方面都影响着老年人。故选D项。56词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Although most older people do live within an hou

219、r from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families.(虽然大多数老年人住在离他们最近的孩子不到一小时的地方，但工业化社会正面临着计划以容纳越来越多的独立于家庭生活的老年人的问题)”可知，此处前后有转折，虽然大多数老年人的生活范围离子女很近，但是越来越多的老年人独立生活，这种情况需要社

220、会制定计划去解决。由此推知，formulating意思是“制定”，与planning意思一致。故选A项。57推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从对老年人的定义的各种分歧引入话题，然后介绍了老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。因此，文章聚焦的是社会问题和现象，应该出自社会问题评论。故选C项。15.（2023年山东省实验中学高三二模英语试题）Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For e

221、very pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sin

222、king millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed

223、 people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive pro

224、duct when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring m

225、eaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop mo

226、re often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international

227、 flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.58What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?AIt ignored marketing strategies.BIt priced its

228、elf relatively high.CIt lacked a particularly good taste.DIt focused on delight and pleasure.59What can be inferred about meaning seekers?AThey frequent high-end stores.BThey think products extend their lives.CThey hesitate to make decisions.DThey make more purchases with money.60How is Paragraph 4

229、mainly developed?ABy giving some examples.BBy listing numbers and data.CBy explaining reasons.DBy making some comparisons.61Which is the most suitable title for the text?AInnovation: a Products LifeBTo Buy or not to BuyCMeaning seekers or Quality-pursuersDFast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet【答案】58B 59

230、D 60C 61C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论。58细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但Juntos是个

231、失败者。)”和第二段“What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “

232、enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事?为了找出Juntos失败的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这些人选择一种。他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和

233、有价值”的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己”，专注于“快乐和乐趣”。他们发现，与把快乐放在首位的人相比，把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产品。)”可知，越来越多的人想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Juntos失败的主要原因是它的定价相对较高，所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选B。59推理判断题。根据第三段“So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned

234、that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢?为了找出答案，劳伦斯威廉姆斯要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给他们的生活带来意义。相反，他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来

235、什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于用钱买更多的东西，故选D。60推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallet

236、s. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题的原因来发展第四段，故选C。61主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段“I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices.

237、 But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题

238、。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”和最后一段“So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too. (所以，在你为一些交易掏腰包之前，尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的东西。)”可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论，C选项“意义追求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选C。