专题02 阅读理解七选五（重要资料集锦）-十年 (2014-2023) 高考英语真题试题研究.docx

1、专题02 阅读理解七选五命题分析高考英语阅读理解七选五题型设置旨在考察学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力、信息筛选和整合能力。命题特点：1. 文章结构紧凑，逻辑性强。2. 设题灵活，难度适中。3. 题材多样，注重与生活实际相结合。高考全国卷阅读七选五题型十年前甚至更早就开始考，一直经久不衰，新高考也一直沿用这种题型，可见此题型足以考查学生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型式高考一直非常受欢迎的一种题型。以下是近十年（2014-2023）全国卷高考七选

2、五实况分析：年份卷别体裁词数题材话题2023年全国甲卷说明文247人与自我介绍了变得耐心的一些方法全国乙卷说明文276人与自然介绍了室内植物、它们带来的好处及哪些室内植物适合种植新高考全国I卷说明文247人与自我鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信新高考全国II卷说明文261旅行介绍一些开始艺术之旅的好建议浙江卷1月说明文282旅行讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议2月四省联考说明文247人与自然介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。2022年全国甲卷说明文315人与社会一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情全国乙卷说明文316人与社会五

3、种维系异地友谊的方法新高考全国I卷说明文332人与社会如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴新高考全国II卷说明文312人与社会介绍写文章的技巧浙江卷1月说明文309人与社会既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议2021全国甲卷记叙文257人与社会通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法全国乙卷说明文252人与社会晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法新高考全国I卷说明文261人与自我夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受浙江卷6月记叙文258人与自我葡萄牙电脑工程师借助网络发展自己的爱好、创办 网站并成功浙江卷1月说明文251人与社会为什么排队时你总是站在最慢的一队这个有趣的现象2020全国卷I说明文252个人生活介绍了几个自

4、我接纳的小技巧。全国卷II说明文220人与社会介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。全国卷III说明文245人与社会乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。2019全国卷I说明文265人与自然新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。全国卷II说明文267工作方法对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。全国卷III说明文214个人学习在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。2018全国卷I说明文 259家庭生活室内设计中颜色的选择问题全国卷II说明文223个人生活列举了早晨锻炼对人身体的四条好处全国卷III说明文195社会生活介绍了

5、跳舞的好处2017全国卷I记叙文225人与自然作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程全国卷II说明文196工作如何避免工作时被打断全国卷III说明文244个人生活如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯2016全国卷I说明文195文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文262家庭生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷III说明文201家庭生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识2015年全国卷I议论文314人际交往在关系中重建信任全国卷II说明文242人与社会马拉松锻炼技巧2014年全国卷I说明文310人与社会帮助孩子未来找好工作的建议全国卷II说明文316人与社会在紧张的时间里烹饪的小贴士 题型解读 分析

6、篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读七选五题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句成章，积章成篇就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文

7、）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。应试技巧技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断-因果关系在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。

8、因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such).如此-以至于等。技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断-转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还;然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of

9、不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则;除此以外，not-but不是-而是，as well也等。技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断-例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(

10、例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断-递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的);, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地;也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, whats more更重要的是, too也，还, either也,

11、neither两者都不, not onlybut also不但而且等。技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断-平列关系表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点);其次, thirdly第三; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等技巧六：

12、从词汇线索上判断-代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。技巧七：词汇线索判断-同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。技巧八：词汇线索判断：上下义词/同一范畴词上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。技巧九：从试题位置上判断-问题在段首假如

13、问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。技巧十：从试题位置上判断-问题在段尾所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否

14、与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。2步突破法第一步：看位置定类型句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正

15、是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say

16、等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such .that ., so that .等。递

17、进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, whats more, whats worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not . but ., not only . but also等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begi

18、n with, some . others .; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。例子1_40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their g

19、ood workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise

20、.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段首，应是该段落的小标题。该段的主要内容是“如果晨练，你就更有可能会坚持一整天吃健康的食物”，故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”；再结合本段中的“healthy food”“junk food”与A项中的diet相关，故选A。例子2Your metabolism (新陈代谢)

21、gets a head start. _38_ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the

22、morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗

23、卡路里”中的关键词“throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选F。例子3The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre

24、 looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones

25、 in two major ways分析该空位于段尾，应属于总结句。根据空前的“the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。第二步：由类型定技法1.主旨概括题主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整

26、篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；段落标题。解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。例子3_39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to

27、 relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you con

28、tinue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空位于段首，应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结，快速浏览本段，本段提到slept better, difficult to relax, a peaceful sleep，依据这些关键词汇可概括本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠，因此选B。2.语段过渡题语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考

29、生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。例子4Medium color choices are genera

30、lly furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. _39_. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices

31、are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium color choices”

32、，是G项中“small ones”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“two major ways”相呼应，故选G。3.细节线索题细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。1词汇复现法复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的

33、词。例子5_38_. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easil

34、y changeable.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColo

35、r choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空所在段最后一句中的“small color choices”是D项“Small color choices”的原词复现。故选D。2词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例子6I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holid

36、ay in the wilderness._38_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a

37、lot about camping since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几

38、个选项中只有A项合适。3代词线索法英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。例子7Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _37_， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of dec

39、isions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small

40、 color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all of them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故选A。4逻辑关系线索法一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之

41、间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。例子8If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Cam

42、pers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer .I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the w

43、ilderness .We have done a lot of it since ._40(E)_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a

44、lot about camping since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。首句“如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营，我将会开怀大笑”使用了虚拟语气，预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对

45、野营的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后来对野营的态度不一样。D项表示“但是，从那时起我就学习了很多关于野营的知识”，however与上文构成转折关系，因此是最佳选项。此题的关键是however这个逻辑关系词，承上启下，为下文内容作铺垫。例子9.Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats

46、 not whats important. _39_ how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40(G). Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fu

47、n.AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of

48、 those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have分析解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。空格前说“但那不是重要的事情”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选C项。例子10.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing

49、 trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. _37_ Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DReme

50、mber that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.分析此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。上句意为“有时候，人

51、们简直无法再信任(别人)了”，而本句应是解释人们无法信任别人的原因。故E项符合题意。一、 位置解题法一、概述七选五是高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，一篇300字左右的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。考试说明对该题型的命题目的表述是“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型主要测试考生的两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构能力；二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。本套资料通过两大技巧帮助考生把握这两种能力，轻松拿满分。二、巧用位置我们都知道：一篇好的文章都具有结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然等特点。高考英语“

52、七选五”阅读材料无疑也具有以上特点，我们做题时需要从大框架和小细节分别进行分析，本文主要讲述从大框架进行分析的方法。选五阅读理解设空主要有三种不同的位置：段首、段中和段尾，这三种位置的句子在文中的作用不同。我们可以根据近几年全国高考卷出题设空的规律，找到这三种题目的对应解法。（一） 设空在标题这类题目是比较特殊的一类，难度不大，高考文章越来越趋向于不设这样的空，但我们也需要了解这种题目的做题方法。该题目的特点就是短小精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句。（二） 设空在段首设空出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文

53、第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。典题（全国卷I）A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it. to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. 37 Do not foll

54、ow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.E Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yoursel

55、f with others.G. When does the comparison game start?分析 37题设空在段首，这样的选项，往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意。这种试题往往需要从下面的整段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。空白处后文的内容是：Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? 可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，这里根据下文的核心词汇follow，the only you可知，F. Stop comparing y

56、ourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)能够概括本段大意。故选F项。（三） 设空在段尾设空在段尾，这种选项通常起着总结上文，提示下文的功能。所以会有两种情况：一是只承接上文，二是承上启下。应先看设空前文，寻找选项与前文之间的关联，如果第一段的段尾设题，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词，如：therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前

57、文的同义词句。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有关联。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项紧密相连。典题（全国卷I） Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got o

58、ut of bed today. 39 Now that youve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.

59、 See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.分析 本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位。

60、)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。（四） 设空在段中设空出现在段中，通常是承上启下的作用，需要看设空前后两句话，根据句子之间的逻辑关系确定答案。典题 Dont forget to forgive yourself._ 5 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.DTry to see things from your offenders angle.EFor some people，forgiving themselves is t

61、he biggest challenge.FTo make your anger die away，try a simple stressmanagement technique.GIf you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time.分析 设空在段中，先看前句E项中的信息forgiving themselves与前句意义一致，并且选项E与后面的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加突出了对比的意义，因此选项E符合这里的意义和结构。 因果关

62、系做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后的句子的基础上，依据彼此的关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句子之间出现as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such).that(如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着原因和结果之间的关系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。二、 衔接手段解题法一、概述七选五是高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，一篇300字左右的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。考试说明对该题型的命题目的表述是“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型主要测试考生的两大能力

63、：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。本套资料通过两大技巧帮助考生把握这两种能力，轻松拿满分。二、巧用衔接手段我们都知道：一篇好的文章都具有结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然等特点。高考英语“七选五”阅读材料无疑也具有以上特点，我们做题时需要从大框架和小细节分别进行分析，专题1中我们从大框架上讲解了如何根据文章结构解题，本文主要分析如何根据句子之间的逻辑连词、代词等小细节快速准确地选出正确答案。1. 代词在谈话或者写作过程中，会用一些代词，来把前面内容所出现过的人或事物的名称进行替换，从而使得表达的信息更加简洁。在做七选五阅读理解时，巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们快

64、速做出正确的选择。代词指代要注意两情况，一是选项中的代词，二是设空后面句子中的代词。解题流程：(1) 观看设空的前后句子，找出相应的代词。(2) 第二步：查看选项，找出选项中相应的代名词。(3) 对比语意的合理性，选出最佳答案。典题Kids health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed time to time. 1 C Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一dont solve (解决) much. But other

65、 ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other rel

66、atives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.AAsk for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.BNotice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.CDifferent people feel stress in different waysDAh, it feels so good whe

67、n the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And dont forget about your friends.G. Then, find a way to calm down。分析 观看设空小题2前后的句子，发现后一句话出现了they，那么，可以推断此处的they指代了空格处这句话的某一个复数名词；对比选项发现，选项BCF中出现了复数名词：“your friends，friends feelings和in different ways”。依据空格前句，判断they指代的对象有可能是“成人、父母、

68、或其他亲戚谈话”，后一句话，即“他们或许有类似的问题”，由此发现they指代“一群人”的可能性较大；将F选项当中出现“your friends”与they替换后，即为your friends might have had similar problems，意为“你的朋友们或许有类似的问题，”代入后的句意比B中的 friends feelings和C中的in different ways更加合理通顺，因此，判断出F为最佳选项。2. 词汇复现词汇复现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，比如：read、reading、rea

69、ds、readers等。还可能是以同义词、近义词、上下义词（adult是teacher，parent的上义词，而teacher，parent是adult的下义词）甚至反义词等形式出现。典题（2019年全国卷III） 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the ans

70、wer isnt hiding in plain sight.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common dos and donts for online learners.F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.分析 对比本空以及选项，可以看出空格后Qu

71、estions与G中的questions相对应。根据空格后的意思推断，此段内容是提出好的有水平的问题，故选G。3. 逻辑衔接上面已经说过好的文章结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然，各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有并列、递进、转折、因果等关系，做七选五如果能厘清这些关系，会起到事半功倍的效果。常见的逻辑关系连词如下：1. 表转折：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast

72、/ comparison 等2. 表并列：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。3. 表递进：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not o

73、nly .but also等4. 表因果：so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等5. 表解释例证：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等6. 表归纳概括：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude

74、,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。典题（2020全国卷III）A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to c

75、ongratulate the person on the new home. _36_ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could kee

76、p their home warm for the winter.分析 上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。a

77、nd表并列，说明设空36也要介绍party的目的，E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会，含义合适，并且有连词also呼应下句的and，形成上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。真题回顾2023年真题【典例一（2023新课标全国卷）】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but dont beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.

78、 _16_ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” _17_ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that youre

79、 proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had

80、had a tiring day. _18_You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. _19_ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to bo

81、ost self-confidence at any time.Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, its true. _20_ We re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a l

82、ong way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might se

83、em, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but dont beat your

84、self up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness

85、. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that

86、youre proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。【18题详解】根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one

87、, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却

88、主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。【19题详解】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of you

89、r personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的

90、“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。【20题详解】根据空前内容“Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their success

91、es but their mistakes. The thing is, its true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isnt a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We re all changing and learn

92、ing all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。【典例二（2023新课标全国卷）】阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As an artist who shares her journey on social media, Im often asked by curious followers how to begin

93、an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So Ive put together some good tips for starting an art journey. Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspira

94、tion and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. _16_ Youll want to look back on your journey to see how far youve come. Paint often and paint from life. Theres no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, pain

95、t from life as much as possible. _17_ Continually challenge yourself to try something new. _18_ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；weve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.

96、 _19_ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey youre on wont follow a straight path. _20_ Push t

97、hrough, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.A. Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.C. Dont throw away your beginner art.D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.E. Youll hit roadblocks, and youll feel discouraged

98、 at times.F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.G. Youll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。【16题详解】根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. Thes

99、e small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“Youll want to look back on your journey to see how far youve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到

100、回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Dont throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。【17题详解】分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. Theres no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as

101、 possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“Youll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。【18题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself t

102、o try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。【19题详解】分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media a

103、nd, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作

104、品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。【20题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey youre on wont follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“Youll hit roadblocks, a

105、nd youll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。【典例三（2023全国甲卷）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tricks To Becoming A Patient PersonHeres a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? Theres one answer. _16_.

106、In the Digital Age, were used to having what we need immediately and right ai our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, wed be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.Practice gratitude (感激)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier

107、, less stressed and even more optimistic. _17_. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. Make yourself waitInstant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for thi

108、ngs actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. _18_. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. Youll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you s

109、tart to apply it to other, more annoying situations. _19_.So many of us have the belief that being comfortabel is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “_20_.” Youl

110、l then gradually become more patient.A. Find your causesB. Start with small tasksC. Accept the uncomfortableD. All this adds up to a state of hurryE. It can also help us practice more patienceF. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerableG. Theyre all situations where we could use a little extra p

111、atience【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Heres a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? Theres one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这

112、些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研

113、究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 e

114、xtra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。【19题详解】根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get imp

115、atient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说)”以及后文“Youll then gradually become more patient. (然后你

116、会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。【典例四（2023全国乙卷）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. _16_, but studies have shown that they

117、can promote peoples wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. Whats more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.What are indoor plants?Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many

118、of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. _17_.Why are indoor plants good for you?Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “_18_. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Sever

119、al studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. _19_.W

120、hich plants can you grow?Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature which is part

121、of the joy of owning plants. “_20_,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into peoples lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”A. All plants are differentB. Not only do they look beautifulC. There are many benefits to growing plants indoorsD. Instead, they grow bet

122、ter inside, where it is warmerE. Plants like peace lilies and devils ivy are among the bestF. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also helpG. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及

123、你能种植哪些室内植物。【16题详解】根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote peoples wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not onlybut“不仅而且”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B

124、。【17题详解】根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“I find during

125、 the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removin

126、g harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devils tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。【2

127、0题详解】根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常

128、有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into peoples lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。【典例五（20232月四省联考）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。There has been a very serious decline in the numbers

129、 of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. _16_ Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive Research on five such specie

130、s shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. _17_ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline

131、in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. _18_ The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce m

132、ore offspring than small ones._19_ The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of

133、people make a living in the fishing industry. _20_ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.A Billions of people rely on fish for protein.B. Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish.C. Unfortunately, their reproduction rate

134、is very low.D. This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.E. None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.F. Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.G. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the specie

135、s caught.【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。【16题详解】根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”（人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区）推知，选项承接上文说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项“这导致许多被捕

136、获物种的数量急剧下降”切题。故选G项。【17题详解】根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”（对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%）可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称为它们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项“这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”。故选D项。【18题详解

137、】根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”（深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年）根据下文“The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than

138、 small ones.”（这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代）可知，选项承接上下文说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。故选C项。【19题详解】根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at

139、the same rate as rabbits.”（深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样）可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”故选E项。【20题详解】根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”（数百万人以渔业为生）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题。故选A项。【典例六（20231月浙江卷）】With gas prices rising and air

140、port security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, its comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping c

141、ar accommodations, sell out very quickly. _36_ But no matter when you travel, its a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then h

142、andle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. _37_ Then you wont have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When youre riding on trains, you wont be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip

143、is an overnight one. _38_ In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. _39_ Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arri

144、val times. Have fun. _40_ Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If i

145、t takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, youre going 67.92 mph.A. Train trips arent for impatient types.B. Youll have views from both sides of the train.C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.D. Thats particularly true during busy summer months.E. You might have to wait lon

146、ger than 24 hours to catch the next one.F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.G. He may also book you in a sleeping car thats right next to the diner.【答案】36. D 37. G 38. C 39. E 40. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。【36题详解】根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance

147、trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, its a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summ

148、er months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。【37题详解】根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Then you wont have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车

149、的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car thats right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。【38题详解】根据上文“When youre riding on trains, you wont be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular

150、, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。【39题详解】根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟

151、，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。【40题详解】根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To cal

152、culate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。2016-2022年真题【典例

153、一（2022全国甲卷）】Important Things to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. _16_. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you ha

154、ndle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. _17_ . Hands or Utensils (餐具)In India and the Middle East, its considered very rude to eat with your le

155、ft hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. _18_, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests _19_ . In Portugal, this w

156、ould be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. _20_ , the more

157、 comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetimeB. The more time you spend in any given countryC. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD. Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE. Its a good si

158、gn for the chef if you make a mess around your plateF. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。【16题详解】根据文章标题“Important Things to

159、Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matt

160、er where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。【17题详解】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它

161、们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, its consider

162、ed very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认

163、为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不

164、喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文“the more comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.

165、 (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。【典例二（2021新高考全国卷I）】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner. One reason was: Youll actually show up if

166、 you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, while another read: 36 With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physica

167、lly fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person

168、 must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, an

169、d provided her phone number. 39 You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core（核心）of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each othe

170、r. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good seeking training partner notice? F. Just accept your d

171、ifferences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【答案与解析】36【答案】C根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting f

172、or you at the gym,”(健身杂志最近刊登了一篇题为感谢健身伙伴的五个理由的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“Youll if”的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项C。在根据句意，C选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项C “Youll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。37【答案】D根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that

173、 person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”，根据关键信息“Or”以及“or”后面的问句，可确定空格处应该也是一个类似结构的问句，可确定答案在DE中。根据内容，空格处应该填写反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动

174、项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。38【答案】B根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably wont result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身

175、房的。)”可知，选择的伙伴应该是同一个地区的，或者离的比较近。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。39【答案】G根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she w

176、anted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner s

177、hould include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”中的“notice”以及“such information”符合上下文语境。故选G。40【答案】F根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit - your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more phy

178、sically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，“different skills”和“both of you will benefit”暗示要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。【典例三（2021全国甲卷）】Swap, Dont shop!You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it do

179、esnt end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-youre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on y

180、our bedroom floor? _16_. Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are

181、 a few pointers. Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection. _17_ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. _18_. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home. Put different types of clothing on differe

182、nt surfaces in the room._19_. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time.

183、Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. _20_. And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!A. Less people than thatB. Hold a clothing swapC. If two people are competingD. Just keep music playing throughoutE. Donate whatever clothes are left overF Have

184、 everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。【16题详解】根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you re- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on

185、 your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B

186、项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。【17题详解】根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定

187、数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。【18题详解】根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备

188、袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。【19题详解】根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Plac

189、e a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。【20题详解】上文“Set a

190、starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playi

191、ng throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。【典例四（2020全国卷III）】A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and

192、 family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. 37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include k

193、itchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. 38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned a

194、ctivities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39 Housewar

195、ming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.A. This isnt usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. You can also b

196、ring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D. If youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could kee

197、p their home warm for the winter.【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. G【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。【36题详解】上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space w

198、ith love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。【37题详解】下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、

199、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。【38题详解】本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享

200、。故选C。【39题详解】本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。【40题详解】上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。【典例五（2019全国卷III）】In an online class, deve

201、loping healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, these are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.Dos 37 Questions about subject conten

202、t are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on t

203、opic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.Donts Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situatio

204、n to the professor. 39 Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course eva

205、luations to calmly offer your comments.A. Thats what they are for.B. Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common dos and don ts for online learners.F. Everyone has taken a not-so

206、-great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.36. E 第一段第一句话，In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 提到在在线课堂中，与教授形成良好的交流是至关重要的。第二至五段，则详细介绍了dos 和 donts的内容。由此可见，选项E符合语境。 37. G 根据空格后的Que

207、stions about subject content are generally welcomed. 本段应与questions这一关键词有关以及根据asking questions等信息可知，选项中，只有G项符合。 38. A 根据本段第一句话，Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue 可知，要参加研讨论坛，加入博客讨论以及其他开放式的对话论坛，因为这些讨论形式就是让学生参与的。选项A符合语境。39. C 根据上一句if you are in need of the p

208、rofessor 可知，如果你想延长截止日期，简明地向教授说明情况即可。通过以上推断，如果想了解更多信息，他们会问你，即选项C符合语境。40. F 该空前一句提到，不要公开表达对教授或者班级的不满。后文说如果教授的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评估来冷静地发表你的意见。由此推断，选项F符合文意。【典例六（2017全国卷III）】Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wa

209、ke-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Heres how to make one. 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason

210、s, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags

211、. 38 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep / wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the fol

212、lowing week, a recent study found. 39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the

213、 right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.36. C 文章首先提出“很多人早上起床

214、困难”这个问题，并表明作者的观点“早起的关键是调整生物钟”。36题应该是一个可以统领下文的句子，下文的内容主要涉及更好地规划睡眠。因此，选项C符合逻辑。37. B 本题位于所在段落的段首，在分段说明一个话题的行文中，通常使用一个主旨大意句点出本段内容。此处，考生可以根据后面句子的内容做出判断，后句说为了达到相应的变化，要想清楚为什么这个变化很重要，也就是找到合适的动机。选项B符合文意。38. G 本题的下句说“如果我们买一个带有计时器的咖啡壶，早上就可以多睡一刻钟”，关键信息有“咖啡”，“一刻钟”等。选项G句中有“15 minutes”，“coffee”与之呼应，形成完整的语义关系。选项G符合

215、逻辑。39. F 本段主要说明保持周末睡眠时间表的重要性。如果周五没有休息好，希望在周六补偿。但研究发现，这样做会影响下一周的睡眠状况。39题作为本段的尾句，提醒人们无论周几，都要坚持既定的作息时间。选项F符合逻辑。40. E 40题的上句说“尝试新的作息方法一周后，要记得查看记录”，选项E句说“如果你采取的步骤奏效，要保持”和后一句说“如果这样做不适合，就要采取另一种方式”，说明了查看记录后针对不同情况应该怎么做。选项E符合逻辑。【典例八（2018全国卷II）】If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!

216、 With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 Your metabol

217、ism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you

218、, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to con

219、tinue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy foo

220、d to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!36. G 3

221、6题所选的句子是一个承上启下的过渡句。根据上文“如果你准备抽出时间锻炼，那很好。”“但是由于忙碌的生活，很难抽出时间锻炼。”引出本文要说的事“晨练不仅对身体健康有益，还能给我们提供额外的好处。”所以G选项符合语境，意为“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在已经定期锻炼了，那么听好了！”37. E 选项37题的意思是“锻炼后，你的头脑可以保持清醒4-10个小时”，呼应上一句“锻炼会让你更加神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。”38. F 38题的上一句说的是，晨练有利于新陈代谢，下一句说的是晨练能帮助消耗卡路里，因此F句“锻炼后，这一天里你将继续消耗卡路里”符合逻辑，因此选F。39. B 39题的

222、下一句讲的是晨练对睡眠的好处，因此B句“睡眠质量得以提高”符合逻辑，因此选B。40. A 40题的下一句讲的是如果晨练，你就更会坚持吃健康的食物，因此A句“你会坚持你的饮食习惯”符合逻辑。【典例九（2016全国卷III）】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice a

223、s much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 39 Wh

224、en you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First, clean

225、 it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve.A. Do not buy it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. I

226、t just requires a little knowledge.E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.16. G 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. B【解析】试题分析:文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。16.G 第一句Everyone knows that fish is good

227、for health.”是总写，But 表示转折，说明 But 前面一句是对第一句的解释，G项鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病符合语境，故选 G。17. D由前一句Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult.可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D 项这仅仅需要一点知识符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即 C项与后一句重复，故选 D。18.F 根据Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。19.A 根据

228、前一句Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选 A。20.B 根据Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选 B。【典例十（2019全国卷I）】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to go out

229、and get some fresh air . 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 37 If the air youre breathing is clean which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercis

230、e out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. I

231、t turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky inste

232、ad. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 40 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D but still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start worki

233、ng, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F

234、. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.36. E 根据本段第一句话“人们总是让我们出去呼吸新鲜空气”和空格后一句 “回答是肯定的”可知此处应填入一个一般疑问句，即“新鲜空气果真如妈妈总说的那样好吗？” 37. A 文章开头讲述了新鲜空气对人有好处，那接下来应该介绍具体的好处。空白处应是本段的总起句。通过阅读本段后面部分可知，本段主要讲

235、述了远离城市雾霾，到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气对人体带来的好处。而对人体呼吸和氧气供应产生影响的器官，就是肺。只有肺里清洁，呼吸才能畅通无阻，才能让人充满活力。由此推断，选项A更符合常识以及本段大意。38. G 本段空格后提到in these places“在这些地方” 可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，因此选G。39. C 从本段的in these places一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合此空后“这给了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选C。 4

236、0. D 该空后一句提到，尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化、受损，但也能提供有益人体的维生素D。由此可知，空格处应该与太阳光线有关。【典例十一（2018全国卷I）】Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full

237、 of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little

238、complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our

239、rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigg

240、er commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. Whil

241、e all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color cho

242、ices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways36. B 上文提到，Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 你想要一间充满活力的房间吗？职业化的？还是在寻找一处忙碌了一整天后放松的地方？可知，接下来将是对上文的总结，无论你找什么样的房间，颜色是关键。且选项B中的looking for和上文的want和lookin

243、g for相呼应。37. A 空格上一句提到，多年来，有许多不同的工艺帮助设计师达到这一目标。由此可推断，这些工艺都很有用。选项A中的them指代的是different techniques。 38. D 上一段结尾提到三种选择: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones。接下来分别一一介绍。且该段中作者提到小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。由此可知，本段介绍的是small color choices。39. G 该空下一句提到中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面：一是花费，二是对空间

244、感觉的影响。与选项G中的two major ways相呼应。 40. F 该空上一句提到，大的方面的颜色选择所投入的时间、精力和相关费用都是相当多的。与选项F中的pay相呼应。因而，墙壁、天花板、地板等颜色的选择是你首先要搞定的。【典例十二（2016全国卷II）】A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (

245、总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of c

246、olor. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a

247、garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 39 how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of yo

248、ur youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others

249、may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的具体建议。16.F 根据前两句提出:你是否参观过

250、那些让你感觉非常好的花园?你也可以自己打造一个属于你自己的花园。故F项“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文语境。17.A 根据本段前两句可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再由倒数第二句“然而，有很多原因能够解释你为什么想做园艺”可知我们首先要搞清禁为什么要做园艺。故 A项正确。18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用肥料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。19.C 根据前句“那些都不重要”可知画线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们做园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。20.G 本部分建议回忆一下小时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制订计划并付诸行动。故G项符合上下文语境。