专题02 阅读理解之说明文（最新名校模拟题）-冲刺2022年高考英语终极题型押题（浙江专用）.docx

1、2022年高考英语终极题型押题（浙江专用）-阅读理解之说明文（2022江西模拟预测）Humans have been exploring the infinite abyss (深渊) beyond Earths atmosphere. When astronauts explore the vast expanse of outer space, they need to wear high-tech spacesuits to protect them from the freezing conditions of the universe.Hollywood movies have id

2、ealized the iconic suit, its design leading the masses to believe its an outfit that can be slipped on within minutes. In fact, the spacesuit which is made up of nearly a half dozen different components and can have up to 16 layers is its own fully functioning spacecraft that takes hours to put on a

3、nd requires help from ones colleagues.The astronauts on the Artemis missions, NASAs next program to send the first woman and the first person of color to the moon, will wear the latest spacesuit, called the exploration extravehicular mobility unit, also known as xEMU, according to NASAEach spacesuit

4、 has a portable life support system, which includes a water tank for the cooling garment and carbon dioxide removal system to regulate body temperature, remove excess heat and maintain the astronauts health, said Richard Rhodes, the deputy lead for xEMU pressure garment development at NASAA two-way

5、radio system is also included so the astronauts can communicate during the missions.“When the Apollo astronauts walked on the moon, they couldnt bend over and pick up a rock,” said NASA astronaut Mike Fincke. Fortunately, spacesuits have come a long way since then and have a more flexible structure

6、with gloves. The gloves are one of the most complicated parts of the spacesuit, said Cathleen Lewis, curator of the Smithsonian Institutions National Air and Space Museum. “Gloves are very difficult to design to be protective and also allow the manual dexterity (灵巧) that astronauts need to do meanin

7、gful work.” she noted.The spacesuits will also be getting some upgrades for the latest lunar mission. Richard Rhodess team is working on the spacesuit that will allow for more movement to explore the rough terrain of the moon while still being strong enough to protect the wearer.1What can we learn a

8、bout the spacesuit in Hollywood movies?AIt provides the most ideal design.BIt functions as a spacecraft of its own.CIt can be put on without too much difficulty.DIt can protect the astronauts from the cold in space.2In what aspect does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about the latest spacesuit?AIts operatin

9、g methods.BIts component parts.CIts existing problems.DIts initial aims.3Why are the Apollo astronauts mentioned in the passage?ATo contrast the Apollo spacesuit with the latest one.BTo give an example of a successful space mission.CTo demonstrate the failure of the Apollo missions.DTo criticize the

10、 incompetence of the Apollo astronauts.4Which of the following best describes NASAs spacesuit for the next lunar mission?AHigh-tech but impractical.BPortable and mobile.CCostly but well-received.DFlexible and protective.（2022江苏金陵中学模拟预测）Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help

11、 but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally Id pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything intere

12、sting. I recorded an inner monologue with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.But something bothered me. In wh

13、at Id intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. Id been functioning as a man-machine combinati

14、on: a cyborg.What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that hed be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily till I almost lo

15、st him in the clouds I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, whic

16、h he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed.” Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.Thinking more deeply, I realized weve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessi

17、ty and relied on natures gift. Cyborgs are us.5What is the purpose of the text?ATo recommend Thoreaus book Walden Pond.BTo argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.CTo share the reflections on mans reliance on nature.DTo question whether people are technology-dependent.6Which picture best illus

18、trates a cyborg in the authors eye?ABCD7Why does the author quote Thoreaus journal?ATo introduce a literary work on nature.BTo explain how to prepare for a nature walk.CTo prove that even naturalists use technology.DTo describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.8What is the authors attitude towards

19、 being a cyborg?AFavorable.BIntolerant.CDoubtful.DUnclear.（2022广东汕头二模）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese peoples understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.Rain WaterRain Water signals the increase in rainfal

20、l and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for peop

21、les spleen （脾） and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.Awakening of InsectsAs the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that th

22、e earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.Spring EquinoxS

23、pring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during

24、this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.Grain RainGrain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains, which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and

25、people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.9What can we know a

26、bout Rain Water?ARiver water starts to freeze.BTaking off the thick coats is advisable.CLively spring-like scenery can be seen.DIt falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.10What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common?AFarming season.BAnimal activities.CAir temperature.

27、DFrequent thundering.11In which solar term would people most probably put on masks?ARain Water.BGrain Rain.CSpring Equinox.DAwakening of Insects.（2022浙江模拟预测）The war epic The Battle at Lake Changjin, one of the most expensive films ever made in China, shot to the top of the week-long National Day hol

28、iday box office, promoting the domestic market to recover after an unsatisfying box office for more than two months.Set in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953) and headlined by Wu Jing and Jackson Yee, the film tells the story of the Chinese Peoples Volunteers soldiers fighting

29、bravely under freezing temperatures in a key campaign at Lake Changjin, or Chosin Reservoir.With the number of cast and crew reaching an unprecedented scale of more than 12,000, the movie re-creates the serious conflict on the Korean Peninsula amid the extremely cold winter of 1950, when temperature

30、s decreased to the lowest level in 50 years. The movies production involved more than 80 visual-effects companies domestically and abroad, with the script revised 37 times.Breaking over 10 records, including single-day income for a film, the blockbuster has earned around 2 billion yuan ($310 million

31、) since its opening on Sept 30. It accounted for percent of total holiday receipts, which had reached 2.67 billion yuan as of Monday, according to the movie information tracker Beacon.The film has also gained millions of reviews and clicks on several of the countrys most popular social media platfor

32、ms, including Sina Weibo and Douyin, with most commenters praising the heart-breaking tale and saying it stirred their national pride, making them want to pay tribute to the CPV heroes who sacrificed their lives. Some netizens said the film reminds them, amid the current China-US tension, to cherish

33、 todays peaceful life.12What is the film The Battle at Lake Changjin mainly about?AThe War to Resist US Aggression and Aid KoreaBThe brutal war between Chinese and American armies at the lake.CWhy the battle broke out.DHow was the film made.13What do paragraphs 34 want to tell readers?AThe film made

34、 a lot of money.BA lot of people are involved in producing the film.CThe film is a success.DIts very difficult to produce the film.14What can we learn from the film?ALove our motherland.BTreasure the life we live now.CRespect those who devote themselves to our country.DAll of the above.（2022江苏南京市第一中

35、学模拟预测）“Cleverness is a gift. Kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy theyre given after all. Choices can be hard.” Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO of Amazon.I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. Id never seen o

36、r heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldnt work since most startups didnt, and I wasnt sure what to ex

37、pect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, Id been a garage inventor. Id always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much.

38、 I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it will be an even better idea for someone e who doesnt already have a good job.

39、” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but eventually, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didnt think Id regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always b

40、e haunted by a decision not to try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and Im proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.15What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore?AThe desire to follow his passion.BT

41、he attraction of millions of titles.CThe strong support of his wife.DThe increasing usage of the Internet.16What was the authors situation before starting Amazon?AHe was a garage inventor.BHe was in search of a good job.CHe was working at a bookstore.DHe was satisfied with his work.17Which is closes

42、t in meaning to the underlined sentence?AHe would be very excited if he tried it out.BHe would be always having a doubt if he didnt try.CThe idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind.DThe decision not to try the bookstore would terrify him.18What is the best title for the text?AFollowing My P

43、assionBWe Are What We ChooseCThe Starting of AmazonDCleverness and Kindness（2022广东二模）By 2050, the United Nations says, were going to need 70 percent more food to feed the nine billion people living on Earth. Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she ga

44、ve a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.“We discovered that the world will be short 2141012 calories by 2027,” she said. Or, in more familiar terms: “A single Big Mac has 563 cal

45、ories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than McDonalds has ever produced.”Menker cannot change the world alone. But the firm she started, Gro Intelligence, is providing information that food companies, insurers, lenders and policymakers use to ma

46、ke food production more effective, and perhaps help protect against that tipping point.Gro tracks 6501012 data points dailyfrom sources such as government and local food reports, satellite photos, long-term weather forecasts and greenhouse gas measurementsand creates computer models so that food com

47、panies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can know how prices are likely to trend, calculate surpluses (过剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.A type of artificial intelligence known as machine learning is key to dealing with the data becaus

48、e, as Allison Tepley of Gros staff put it, “The best information is often local information, but its often in local languages, in different forms and it all needs to be put together.”Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infes

49、tation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices.19What is the problem mentioned by Menker?AFood shortage.BOverloaded markets.COverpopulation.DWrong prediction by the U.N.20What does Menker mean by her words in paragraph 2?AThe problem is serious.BHer discovery is more accura

50、te.CBig Macs contain too many calories.DMcDonalds should increase productivity.21What does Gro do to help food companies?AGet resources.BMonitor greenhouse gases.CAnalyse big data.DAssess surpluses and shortages.22What might the underlined words “locust infestation” be in the last paragraph?AA data-

51、driven drug.BA language-based approach.CA food-related disaster.DA production-centered policy.（2022浙江省长兴中学三模）Tiny homes have been popular as home prices have climbed to new heights and people have looked for creative ways to downsize. Weve seen many design concepts, including storage units and buses

52、, but Jim Dotzenrod and his daughter Danielle recently came up with a unique one. The pair worked together on the family project to transform a 1973 train caboose into the sleeper car.The CR Station Train Caboose, as its known on Airbnb, which has become somewhat of its own tourist destination in th

53、e small town that houses it, is available to rent for $124 a night, and has an excellent rating of 4.86 out of 5 from more than 300 guests on the booking website.According to Insider, the project began when Jim saw a bunch of train cabooses along the side of the road during a drive out of town. He s

54、aid he wondered if he could change one of them into a place where people could live or stay. So, he bought the 52,000-pound caboose for $8,000. Getting the caboose to its final home took some creative thinking and some heavy-duty equipment.Danielle said the work was challenging, especially since she

55、 and her dad both have day jobs. But their schedules didnt stop them from finishing the project. “My dad can do anything he sets his mind to like, absolutely anything but my dad is so low maintenance himself,” Danielle told the website. “So when we built this together it was a good combination becau

56、se he could build whatever and have me pushing him like, Hey, lets make this as cool as we can.”This caboose also has Wi-Fi, air-conditioning, a refrigerator, a shower and more. So, if youre ever traveling in Iowa and want to experience something special, book a stay at the CR Station Train Caboose!

57、23What can we know about the CR Station Train Caboose?AIt can only be booked online.BIt has become a local attraction.CIt offers a new concept in home decoration.DIt was transported to the town with little effort.24The words “low maintenance” in paragraph 4 indicate Jim Dotzenrod is _.Aeasy and plea

58、sant to deal withBdetermined to do what he wantsCexcellent at building housesDexperienced in project design25What is the purpose of the last paragraph?ATo introduce a lifestyle.BTo share an experience.CTo show a travel trend.DTo make an advertisement.（2022河南华中师范大学附属息县高级中学模拟预测）China announced the est

59、ablishment of the firstever five national parks during the COP15 biodiversity summit. Sanjiangyuan National ParkLocated on the QinghaiTibet Plateau, the Sanjiangyuan area is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze. Yellow and Lancang rivers, which help to raise billions of lives. The glaciers and snow

60、 mountains are beautiful and animals such as snow leopards and blue sheep are tough. In Sanjiangyuan National Park, ecological protection and development of animalfarming areas are carried out. The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National ParkThe Siberian tiger and the Amur leopard are endangered

61、speciesunder global protection. The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is important for the survival of these animals and restoring and keeping stable populations. Tigers and leopards can walk around freely in the mountains. The Giant Panda National ParkThe Giant Panda National Park on

62、the borders of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces is home to 1, 339 wild pandas, 70 percent of Chinas total. As an umbrella species, countless creatures which share the habitat with the pandas also gain a better living environment. Rare animals such as golden snub-nosed monkeys and takins also thr

63、ive in the area. Hainan Tropical Rainforest National ParkHainan blackcrested gibbons, listed as the worlds most endangered primate (灵长类的) species, are found only in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. To preserve the tropical rainforest ecosystem, the people in the core area moved out to l

64、eave an undisturbed environment for ecological restoration. Wuyishan National ParkUNESCO described Wuyi Mountains as the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in southeast China. It is a lotus land of rare wildlife, with many species only found in China. For the past one hundred years,

65、 biologists from China and abroad have researched and discovered more than 1, 000 new species in the mountains.26In which park can you see glaciers and snow mountains?AThe Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.BSanjiangyuan National Park.CThe Giant Panda National Park.DWuyishan National Pa

66、rk.27What animals share the habitat with the pandas?ABlue sheepBThe Amur leopard.CBlackcrested gibbons.Dsnubnosed monkeys.28How did people protect the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park?AThey moved away from their original living places.BThey defended the animalfarming areas.CThey set up areas

67、 for animals to walk around freely.DThey helped scientists research and discover new species.（2022湖南师大附中二模）Time to load up some popular games: new research indicates pigs possess the mental capability to play video games. The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, tested the ability of four pi

68、gs (Hamlet, Omelette, Ebony and Ivory) to play a simple joystick game with their noses, moving a cursor (光标) to four targets on the screen. Although the animals didnt demonstrate the skills to win a round any time, they did show an understanding of some elementary games. Performing well above chance

69、, the pigs appeared to recognize the movement of the cursor was controlled by the joystick. The fact that they did so well despite a lack of flexible fingers is “extraordinary”, according to the researchers.“It is no small achievement for an animal to grasp the concept that the behaviour they are pe

70、rforming is having an effect elsewhere. That pigs can do this to any degree should give us pause as to what else they are capable of learning and how such learning may impact them,” said Purdue Universitys Dr Candace Croney, the studys lead author.Researchers also noted that while the pigs could be

71、taught to play the game using food as positive motivation, they also responded well to social interaction. In fact, when the game was made more challenging and the pigs became unwilling to participate in it, “only oral encouragement by the experimenter” would see training continue.These findings are

72、 the latest to highlight the intelligence of pigs. Not only have they been shown to use mirrors to find hidden food, but studies have also demonstrated how pigs can be taught to “come” and “sit” after oral commands.As with any sentient (有感觉力的) beings, how we interact with pigs and what we do to them

73、 impacts and matters to them. We therefore have a moral duty to understand how pigs acquire information, and what they are capable of learning and remembering, because it ultimately offers the potential for how they understand their interactions with us and their environments.29What can be learned f

74、rom Paragraph 1?AThe pigs sometimes won the video games.BThe pigs operated joysticks with their noses.CThe pigs competed with each other in the games.DThe pigs sometimes performed well accidentally.30What does the underlined phrase “give us pause” refer to?AStop us from advancing.BAffect us in learn

75、ing.CMake us think seriously.DForce us to train pigs better.31What made researchers believe pigs socially interacted well?ATheir being inspired by human words.BTheir being driven by food.CTheir being willing to keep trying.DTheir being motivated by challenges.32Which of the following could be the be

76、st title?ASmart pigs: good playersBFlexible noses: fun gamesCOral commands: pig learnersDPig players: learning potential（2022湖北鄂州模拟预测）The great Swiss psychologist Jean used to lecture around the world, explaining how childrens minds develop as they get older. Once an American asked, “But Prof. Jean,

77、 how can we get them to do faster?” Today its no longer just impatient Americans who assume that faster brain and cognitive(认知的)development is better. Across the globe, both parents and policy makers eagerly push preschools to be more like schools. A wave of new research shows, however, that this pi

78、cture is far too simple. In 1998 a landmark series of studies looked at the long term effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on childrens growing up. ACEs include physical or emotional overlook or abuse, being poor, losing parent, violence or mental(精神的)illness in the home. Since the origina

79、l studies, there have been hundreds of similar ones done across the world. It turns out that ACEs are disastrously common. A new paper by Dr. Mackey, published in Nature Neuroscience Reviews, also concludes that. ACEs seem to make childrens brains grow up too quickly. Dr. Mackey suggests that freque

80、ntly repeated bad experiences may have the worst speeding up effect, while more varied and unusual good experiences may be particularly likely to keep the brain open to learning. Why would stress and disasters make us grow up faster and a rich, varied, nursing environment make us grow up more slowly

81、? One influential recent idea takes off from the biological concept of “life history”. An animals life history includes how long it lives, how much it invests in its young and how long it takes those young to mature. A “live fast, die young” life history makes more developmental sense when resources

82、 are few and life is predictably hard. In brief, a long, slow life history goes with a big, smart brain. All of this should be able to relieve the parents worries about “the American question”. Loving your children and giving them space to learn and explore is more important than designing a particu

83、lar curriculum(课程).33What can we infer from paragraph 1?AAmericans are usually smarter than others.BAmerican brain science is better developed.CMost people believed children should skip preschools.DMost people wish to develop their childrens brains faster.34What is Dr. Mackey s opinion about speedin

84、g up childrens brain?AIt leads to an early death.BIt may cause painful problems.CIt is beneficial to academic learning.DIt originates from unpleasant environment.35What does the author finally advise parents to do?APush preschools to be more like schools.BPut middle-high pressure on their children.C

85、Give children care and freedom to learn and explore.DAsk teachers to design abundant curricula for children.36What may be the best title for the text?ALive Fast, Die YoungBFaster Development, Better FutureCAn American Question, the Worlds ProblemDACEs, Key to Childrens Brains Development（2022福建宁德一模）

86、As the worlds population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations are on pace to generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. Many experts are calling the problem of global waste a worldwide

87、health crisis because the waste is ruining the worlds oceans, air and soil and endangering the health of all living things.For years, government agencies have been telling citizens that living a zero-waste lifestyle is the way to go. Now some grocery stores are helping people do that.Most grocery st

88、ores produce waste when they throw away food and packaging material. In some cases, the food consists of fruit and vegetables that dont look good any more. In other cases, its packaged food that is nearing the “sell-by” date printed on the package. After the sell-by date passes, the food is not cons

89、idered safe to eat. Thus, many stores throw out unsold packaged food before that date arrives.To solve this problem, business people are opening smaller zero-waste grocery stores. Instead of selling food in packages, these stores offer it in open containers. Customers bring their own bags or clean c

90、ontainers to the store. There, they fill their bags or containers with everything from nuts and grains to oil and vinegar. They pay for only the amount of each product that they need. Zero-waste stores often sell fruit and vegetables as well. When these goods start to look old, theyre sold at a disc

91、ount or donated to a charity. Inspired by these smaller zero-waste grocery stores, some large supermarkets are taking similar steps to reduce the amount of waste that they produce.37What causes some produce to be thrown away?APoor sales performance.BLack of visual attraction.CNo printed sell-by date

92、.DRuined packaging material.38What do we know about the smaller stores?APackaged food is available there.BNuts and grains are free of charge there.CThe fruit there is donated from a charity.DTheir customers can bring empty glass jars.39What are some large supermarkets doing?ATaking steps to regulate

93、 smaller stores.BFollowing the example of smaller stores.CEstablishing partnerships with smaller stores.DPutting several smaller stores out of business.40In which publication would this text most likely appear?AGuide to Outdoor Recreation.BBest Craft and Hobby Magazine.CJournal of American Literary

94、Research.DWeekly Bulletin of Environmental News.（2022河南安阳模拟预测）Plastic-free July is a global campaign that challenges people to give up single-use plastic. The idea is the brainchild of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz, an activist living in Western Australia. She realized that, in addition to raising awareness,

95、she wanted to do something to actually reduce plastic waste. She helped round up just 40 people in Perth, who volunteered to give up plastic for the month of July. In the last 6 years, the idea has become so popular that this year, over a million people in 130 countries are on board. Beth Terry, Ame

96、ricas best-known plastic-free activist, first participated in Plastic Free July in 2014. She has nothing but high praise for this initiative and its founder. Beths website MyPlasticFreeL includes “100 Steps to a Plastic-Free Life”, “carry your own containers for take-out food and leftovers,” along w

97、ith reusable cookers and glass drinking straws. Eat ice cream on a cone rather than get it in a plastic-lined cup. Give up chewing gum. Youre probably already using a reusable cloth bag rather than plastic at the grocery store, and drinking from a stainless steel or aluminum water bottle rather than

98、 buy water in a plastic bottle. But PlasticFreeJulys A-Z list shows how easy it can be to replace single-use plastic with a reusable version. The list includes replacing plastic doggy bags with folded up newspaper and using cloth diapers (尿布). PlasticFreeJulys website also lists some pretty astonish

99、ing facts. For example: Scientists predict there will be more tonnes of plastic than tonnes of fish in the worlds waterways and oceans by 2050. Plastic manufacturing consumes 6% of the worlds fossil fuels. In the first 10 years of the 21st century, the world economy produced more plastic than it did

100、 during the entire 1900s!41What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1?AThe background of Plastic-free July.BThe challenges of recycling plastics.CThe voluntary work of people in Perth.DThe profession of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz.42What can we see on Beths website MyPlasticFreeL?ASome childhood stories abo

101、ut Beth.BSome regulations to ban using plastic.CSome additional ways to live plastic-free.DSome pictures of people buying take-out food.43What can we infer from the text?APlastic-free July has been operating for 40 years.BPlastic will have disappeared by the end of 2050.CA-Z list shows alternatives

102、for plastic free living.DPlastic doggy bags have been replaced by paper bags.44What is probably the suitable title for the text?AChoose to Refuse Single-Use Plastic for Plastic-Free JulyBPlastic-Free July, a Growing Global Movement to Ban PlasticCRecycling Alone Could Not Solve the Plastic Pollution

103、 ProblemDRebecca Prince-Ruiz, Americas Best-known Plastic-free Activist参考答案：1C2B3A4D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的宇航服设计。1细节理解题。根据第二段“Hollywood movies have idealized the iconic suit, its design leading the masses to believe its an outfit that can be slipped on within minutes. (好莱坞电影已经将这套标志性服装理想化，它的设计让大众相信它是

104、一套可以在几分钟内穿上的服装)”可知，穿上好莱坞电影中的宇航服不需要太多困难。故选C。2推理判断题。通过文章第四段“includes a water tank for the cooling garment and carbon dioxide removal system (包括用于冷却服装的水箱和二氧化碳去除系统)”以及“A two-way radio system is also included (还包括一个双向无线电系统)”可推知，第4段主要从组成部分谈论最新的宇航服。故选B。3推理判断题。根据文章第五段“When the Apollo astronauts walked on th

105、e moon, they couldnt bend over and pick up a rock (当阿波罗号宇航员在月球上行走时，他们不能弯腰捡起石头)”以及“Fortunately, spacesuits have come a long way since then and have a more flexible structure with gloves. (幸运的是，从那时起，宇航服已经取得了长足的进步，并且有了更灵活的手套结构)”可推知，文章提到阿波罗宇航员是为了将阿波罗宇航服和最新的宇航服做对比。故选A。4推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Richard Rhodess team

106、 is working on the spacesuit that will allow for more movement to explore the rough terrain of the moon while still being strong enough to protect the wearer. (Richard Rhodes的团队正在研制一种宇航服，这种宇航服能让宇航员在探索月球崎岖地形时进行更多的运动，同时还能保持足够的强度来保护穿着者)”可推知，NASA下一次登月任务的宇航服是灵活且具有保护性的。故选D。5B6C7C8A【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过分析我们人类对技

107、术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例，说明了我们人类已进化成半机械人。5推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).(即使在与自然交流时，我们也依赖技术来帮助但是，沃尔登湖的梭罗也是如此)”可知，我们都是依赖技术的，自然学家梭罗也是如此；再根据文章最后一段“Thinking more deeply, I realized weve come a long way from our

108、hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on natures gift. Cyborgs are us.(更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们)”可推知，本文的目的是为了说明人类已经进化为半机械人。故选B项。6推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk”，whic

109、h had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. Id been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.(这一见解引发了我对“自然漫步”中发生的一切的重新思考，“自然漫步”的每一步都得到了技术的强化。 我一直扮演着人机结合的角色:一个半机械人)”可知，作者眼中的半机械人应该是人机结合，选项C的图片中即有人又有机器，符合题意。故选C项。7推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what

110、 his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal(但后来我做了一些研究。梭罗喜欢望远镜的发现，就像日记里的这只鹰)”和第六段“I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.(我想我已经得到了我的望远镜的价值，因为它让我看到了白头鹰)”可知，自然学家梭罗是肯定了望远镜的作用，所以作者引用梭罗的日记是为了证明即使是自然学家也会使用科技。故选C项。8推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thinki

111、ng more deeply, I realized weve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on natures gift. Cyborgs are us.(更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们)”可知，作者对半机械化人的态度是赞成的。故选A项。9C10A11B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气中的“雨水”、“惊蛰”、“春分”和“谷雨”这四个节气，让我

112、们进一步了解这四个节气的气候和习俗。9细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again.(随着它的到来，河水解冻，大雁由南向北迁徙，树木和草又变绿了)”可知，雨水之后热闹的春色随处可见。故选C项。10判断推理题。根据第三段中“It is the key time for spring agricultural activities.(这是春季农业活动的关键时期)”可知，惊蛰是农业

113、的关键，以及最后一段第一句“Grain Rain originates from the old saying, Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains, which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land.(谷雨源于古语“雨生百谷”，说明这一时期的降雨对农作物的生长极为重要，人们正忙于耕作)”结合来看，可得知惊蛰和谷雨这两个节气对农业来

114、说都很重要，是耕作的季节。故选A项。11推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.(由于土壤干燥，大气不稳定和强风，沙尘暴变得更加频繁)”可推测，在谷雨时沙尘暴经常出现，所以人们最可能需要佩戴口罩保护自己。故选B项。12B13C14D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影长津湖是中国有史以来最昂贵的电影之一，该片在国庆黄金周票房中登顶，推动国内市场在经历了两个多月的票房不佳后开始复苏。介绍了其制作过程，取得的成功和观众对

115、此电影的看法。12细节理解题。根据第二段“Set in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953) and headlined by Wu Jing and Jackson Yee, the film tells the story of the Chinese Peoples Volunteers soldiers fighting bravely under freezing temperatures in a key campaign at Lake Changjin, or Chosin Reservoir.(这部

116、电影以抗美援朝战争（1950到1953）为背景，由吴京和Jackson Yee主演，讲述了中国人民志愿军士兵在寒冷的温度下，在长津湖（又称长津水库）的关键战役中英勇作战的故事)”可知，电影长津湖主要讲的是中国和美国军队在湖边的残酷战争。故选B。13推理判断题。根据第三段“With the number of cast and crew reaching an unprecedented scale of more than 12,000, the movie re-creates the serious conflict on the Korean Peninsula amid the ext

117、remely cold winter of 1950, when temperatures decreased to the lowest level in 50 years. The movies production involved more than 80 visual-effects companies domestically and abroad, with the script revised 37 times.(该片的演员和工作人员达到了史无前例的1.2万多人，重现了气温降至50年来最低水平的1950年冬天，朝鲜半岛的严重冲突。这部电影的制作涉及国内外80多家视觉特效公司，剧

118、本被修改了37次)”以及第四段“Breaking over 10 records, including single-day income for a film, the blockbuster has earned around 2 billion yuan ($310 million) since its opening on Sept 30. It accounted for percent of total holiday receipts, whichhad reached 2.67 billion yuan as of Monday, according to the movie

119、information tracker Beacon.(自9月30日上映以来，包括单日票房收入在内，这部大片打破了10项纪录，票房收入约20亿元（合3.1亿美元）。据电影信息追踪机构Beacon的数据显示，截至周一，这部电影的票房收入已达26.7亿元，占假日总收入的比例)”可知，结合这部电影的制作投入和用心以及上映情况，第三和第四段想告诉读者这部电影很成功。故选C。14细节理解题。根据最后一段“The film has also gained millions of reviews and clicks on several of the countrys most popular socia

120、l media platforms, including Sina Weibo and Douyin, with most commenters praising the heart-breaking tale and saying it stirred their national pride, making them want to pay tribute to the CPV heroes who sacrificed their lives. Some netizens said the film reminds them, amid the current China-US tens

121、ion, to cherish todays peaceful life.(这部电影还在国内几个最受欢迎的社交媒体平台上获得了数百万的评论和点击量，包括新浪微博和豆瓣网，大多数评论者赞扬了这个令人心碎的故事，并说它激起了他们的民族自豪感，使他们想要向牺牲的共产党英雄们致敬。一些网民说，在当前中美关系紧张的情况下，这部影片提醒他们要珍惜今天的和平生活)”可知，我们能从这部电影中学到要热爱祖国，珍惜我们现在的生活以及尊重那些为国家献身的人。故选D。15D16D17C18B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了亚马逊公司创始人杰夫贝索斯当初辞去令人满意的工作，选择去创业，努力去实践自己创立网上书店的

122、想法，他用自己的行动告诉我们选择塑造人生。15细节理解题。根据第二段中“I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. (我发现互联网的使用率正以每年2300%的速度增长。我从

123、未见过或听说过任何增长如此之快的东西，而建立一个拥有数百万册图书的在线书店的想法让我非常激动)”可知，互联网的快速发展使作者萌生了创建一个网上书店的想法，故选D。16细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much.(我在纽约的一家金融公司工作，同事都是非常聪明的人，我有一个非常钦佩的聪明老板)”可知，作者对他的工作很满意。故选D。17词句猜测题

124、。根据画线词上文“I didnt think Id regret trying and failing.(我想我不会后悔尝试和失败)”可知，老板想说服作者留下来，作者有些动摇，但经过思考之后，作者决定辞职，作者不后悔尝试和失败，但认为如果不将想法付诸实践，这件事情会经常困扰着他。即画线句意思是“不尝试的想法会不断出现在他的脑海中”。故选C。18主旨大意题。根据最后一段“After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and Im proud of that choice. For all of

125、us, in the end, we are our choices.(经过深思熟虑，我选择了那条不太安全的路，追随我的激情，我为这个选择感到自豪。对我们所有人来说，最终，我们是我们的选择)”结合本文主要讲述了亚马逊公司创始人杰夫贝索斯当初辞去令人满意的工作，选择去创业，努力去实践自己创立网上书店的想法，他用自己的行动告诉我们选择塑造人生。B选项“我们的选择决定了我们是谁”最符合文章标题。故选B。19A20A21C22C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为应对全球将面临的粮食短缺问题，Sara Menker创建的公司Gro Intelligence正在运用人工智能处理数据来帮助解决这一问题。

126、19细节理解题。根据第一段“Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.（Sara Menker说，这个问题可能比联合国所说的更加紧迫。

127、2017年，她在一次TED演讲中表示，几年后可能会出现一个“转折点”，超过这个转折点，全球食品市场将变得超负荷而无法有效运作。）”可知，这个她提到的问题是粮食短缺问题。故选A。20推理判断题。根据第二段“We discovered that the world will be short 2141012 calories by 2027,” “A single Big Mac has 563 calories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than

128、McDonalds has ever produced.（我们发现，到2027年，世界将减少2141012卡路里的热量，”“一个巨无霸含有563卡路里。这意味着2027年全世界将短缺3800亿个巨无霸。这比麦当劳生产的巨无霸还要多。）”可知，Sara Menker精确的数字、熟悉的术语来说明这个问题非常严重。故选A。21细节理解题。根据第三段“Gro tracks 6501012 data points dailyand creates computer models so that food companiescan know how prices are likely to trend,

129、calculate surpluses (过剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.（Gro每天跟踪6501012个数据点，并创建计算机模型以便食品公司可以了解价格的趋势，计算盈余和短缺，并在气候变化导致食品供应难以预测时更加灵活。）”可知，Gro的做法是分析大数据。故选C。22词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut po

130、rk production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices.”可知，locust infestation与African swine fever(非洲猪瘟) 和global inflation in food prices（全球食品价格通胀）并列，故locust infestation应该也是指与粮食有关的疾病。故选C。23B24A25D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了父亲Jim Dotzenrod和他的女儿Dan

131、ielle将1973年的火车车尾改造成卧铺车厢，这个在Airbnb上被称为CR Station Train Caboose的地方，在容纳它的小镇上已经有点成为自己的旅游目的地。23细节理解题。根据第二段“The CR Station Train Caboose, as its known on Airbnb, which has become somewhat of its own tourist destination in the small town that houses it, is available to rent for $124 a night, and has an exc

132、ellent rating of 4.86 out of 5 from more than 300 guests on the booking website.(在Airbnb上被称为CR Station Train Caboose的地方，在容纳它的小镇上已经有点成为自己的旅游目的地，它可以以每晚124美元的价格出租，在预订网站上有300多位客人给予了4.86分的优秀评价（满分5分）)”可知，CR Station Train Caboose已经成为当地的一个景点。故选B。24推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“So when we built this together it was a good

133、combination because he could build whatever and have me pushing him like, Hey, lets make this as cool as we can.(所以当我们一起做这个的时候，这是一个很好的组合，因为他可以做任何东西，然后我催促他，嘿，让我们尽可能把它做得酷一点)”可推知，父亲Jim Dotzenrod愿意听女儿的建议，故“low maintenance”表明Jim Dotzenrod容易相处。故选A。25推理判断题。根据最后一段“This caboose also has Wi-Fi, air-conditioni

134、ng, a refrigerator, a shower and more. So, if youre ever traveling in Iowa and want to experience something special, book a stay at the CR Station Train Caboose!(这个车尾也有Wi-Fi，空调，冰箱，淋浴和更多。所以，如果你曾经在爱荷华州旅行，想要体验一些特别的东西，在CR Station Train Caboose预订一个住宿吧！)”可推知，最后一段的目的是做广告。故选D。26B27D28A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国

135、在COP15生物多样性峰会上宣布首次建立5个国家公园。26细节理解题。根据Sanjiangyuan National Park中的“The glaciers and snow mountains are beautiful and animals such as snow leopards and blue sheep are tough. (冰川和雪山很美丽，雪豹和蓝羊等动物很坚强。)”可知，三江源国家公园能看到冰川和雪山。故选B。27细节理解题。根据The Giant Panda National Park中的“As an umbrella species, countless creat

136、ures which share the habitat with the pandas also gain a better living environment. Rare animals such as golden snub-nosed monkeys and takins also thrive in the area. (作为保护伞物种，无数与熊猫共享栖息地的生物也获得了更好的生存环境。像金丝猴和羚牛这样的稀有动物也在这一地区繁衍生息。)”可知，金丝猴和熊猫共享栖息地。故选D。28细节理解题。根据Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park中的“

137、To preserve the tropical rainforest ecosystem, the people in the core area moved out to leave an undisturbed environment for ecological restoration. (为了保护热带雨林生态系统，核心区的人们搬出，留下一个不受干扰的环境进行生态恢复。)”可知，为了保护海南热带雨林国家公园，人们从原来的居住地搬走。故选A。29B30C31A32D【解析】本文为一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，猪可以通过自己的鼻子来使用操纵杆完成一些游戏，并且能够意识到光标是跟随自己移动操

138、纵杆而移动，这个研究是一个巨大的突破，让我们更有可能了解猪是如何与我们和环境互动的。29细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, tested the ability of four pigs (Hamlet, Omelette, Ebony and Ivory) to play a simple joystick game with their noses, moving a cursor (光标) to four targets on the screen. (这项发表在心理学前沿上的研究测试了四只猪（哈

139、姆雷特、蛋卷、乌木和象牙）的游戏能力，用鼻子玩一个简单的操纵杆游戏，将光标移动到屏幕上的四个目标上 )”可知，这四只猪用鼻子来控制操纵杆。故选B项。30词句猜测题。根据第二段“It is no small achievement for an animal to grasp the concept that the behaviour they are performing is having an effect elsewhere. That pigs can do this to any degree should give us pause as to what else they ar

140、e capable of learning and how such learning may impact them,(对于动物来说，能理解它们正在实施的一个行为可以在别处带来效果的理念并不是小成就。这些猪有可能在任何程度上做到这一点，这就需要give us pause，关于它们还可以进行其他哪些方面的学习？那样的学习会对它们产生什么样的影响？)”可知，当我们发现这些动物竟然能理解他们的行为会在别处带来效果，我们就要思考更多的问题：他们还能学什么，学会了以后，他们会怎样？划线词give us pause，字面意思“让我们暂停”，此处结合上下文，表示“让我们暂停以思考一些问题”，故选C项。31

141、细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers also noted that while the pigs could be taught to play the game using food as positive motivation, they also responded well to social interaction. In fact, when the game was made more challenging and the pigs became unwilling to participate in it, only oral encouragement by t

142、he experimenter would see training continue. (研究人员还指出，虽然可以用食物作为积极的动机来教猪玩游戏，但它们在社交互动中也反应良好。事实上，当游戏变得更具挑战性，猪变得不愿意参与时，只有实验者的口头鼓励才能让训练继续下去。)”可知，这些猪对社交互动有回应，在游戏增加难度时，这些猪不愿继续游戏时，“只有实验者口头上的鼓励”可以使训练继续进行，故选A项。32主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段的第一句“Time to load up some popular games: new research indicates pigs possess the

143、mental capability to play video games. (是时候去玩一些流行的游戏了：新的研究表明猪拥有玩电子游戏的心理能力)”；倒数第二段“These findings are the latest to highlight the intelligence of pigs.Not only have they been shown to use mirrors to find hidden food,but studies have also demonstrated how pigs can be taught to come and sit after oral

144、commands.(这些发现是强调猪的智力的最新发现。研究不仅展示了它们使用镜子来寻找隐藏的食物，而且还展示了如何教会猪在听到口头指令后过来和坐下。)”，以及最后一段最后一句“We therefore have a moral duty to understand how pigs acquire information,and what they are capable of learning and remembering,because it ultimately offers the potential for how they understand their interaction

145、s with us and their environments. (因此，我们有道德责任去了解猪是如何获取信息的，以及它们有能力学习和记忆什么，因为这最终为它们如何理解与我们和环境的互动提供了可能)”可知，作者阐述会打电子游戏的猪，反映了动物们猪是可以接受人类对它们更好的训练并有所互动的，它们有着学习潜能，所以D项“Pig players: learning potential(做游戏的猪：有学习潜能)”适合做文章的标题。故选D项。33D34B35C36C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在全球范围内，家长和政策制定者都急切地推动幼儿园更像学校，希望孩子更快地发展，但新的研究表明，这对

146、大脑的发育而言并不是好事。33推理判断题。根据第一段“Today its no longer just impatient Americans who assume that faster brain and cognitive(认知的)development is better. Across the globe, both parents and policy makers eagerly push preschools to be more like schools.(今天，不再只有不耐烦的美国人认为大脑和认知发展越快越好。在全球范围内，家长和政策制定者都急切地推动幼儿园更像学校。)”可

147、推断，很多家长都希望孩子大脑发育地更快。故选D。34推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr. Mackey suggests that frequently repeated bad experiences may have the worst speeding up effect, while more varied and unusual good experiences may be particularly likely to keep the brain open to learning.(麦基博士认为，频繁重复的糟糕经历可能有最糟糕的加速效应，而更多样化和不寻常的好经历可能特别有可能让大脑保

148、持学习的开放。)”可推断，大脑加速发展会带来痛苦的问题。故选B。35细节理解题。根据最后一段“Loving your children and giving them space to learn and explore is more important than designing a particular curriculum(课程)(爱你的孩子，给他们学习和探索的空间比设计一个特定的课程更重要。)”可知，作者建议父母要给孩子发展的自由。故选C。36主旨大意题。根据第一段“Today its no longer just impatient Americans who assume th

149、at faster brain and cognitive(认知的)development is better. Across the globe, both parents and policy makers eagerly push preschools to be more like schools.(今天，不再只有不耐烦的美国人认为大脑和认知发展越快越好。在全球范围内，家长和政策制定者都急切地推动幼儿园更像学校。)”和最后一段“All of this should be able to relieve the parents worries about “the American qu

150、estion”.(这一切应该能够缓解家长们对“美国问题”的担忧。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了在全球范围内，家长和政策制定者都急切地推动幼儿园更像学校，希望孩子更快地发展，但新的研究表明，这对大脑的发育而言并不是好事。这虽然是美国家长提出的问题，却是全球家长关心的问题。所以“An American Question, the Worlds Problem(美国的问题，世界的问题)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。37B38D39B40D【解析】这是一篇说明文。随着世界人口的增长，人类会生产更多的垃圾，为解决垃圾问题，多年来，政府一直在告诉公民，过一种“零废弃”的生活方式是可行的。现在一些商店正在

151、帮助人们这样做。37细节理解题。根据第三段开头“Most grocery stores produce waste when they throw away food and packaging material. In some cases, the food consists of fruit and vegetables that dont look good any more.（大多数杂货店扔掉食物和包装材料时都会产生废物。在某些情况下，这些食物是一些看起来不再好吃的水果和蔬菜。）”可知，由于外观不好看，没有吸引力，一些水果和蔬菜都会被扔掉。因此，由于外观不好，一些产品会被扔掉。故选B

152、项。38推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To solve this problem, business people are opening smaller zero-waste grocery stores.（为了解决这个问题，商人们开设了零浪费的小型杂货店。）”以及下文“Customers bring their own bags or clean containers to the store.（顾客自带袋子或干净的容器到商店。）”由此可知，在小商店里，顾客需要自己携带袋子或者容器来装商品，因此顾客也可以带空的玻璃瓶。故选D项。39细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Inspired by the

153、se smaller zero-waste grocery stores, some large supermarkets are taking similar steps to reduce the amount of waste that they produce.（受到这些零浪费的小型杂货店的启发，一些大型超市也在采取类似的措施，以减少他们产生的废物量。）”可知，大型超市也在效仿小型商店的做法，同样采取让顾客自己携带包装物的方式，来减少废物的产生。故选B项。40推理判断题。通读文章全文，尤其是第一段第一句“As the worlds population continues to inc

154、rease, so does the amount of global waste people produce.（随着世界人口的不断增加，人类产生的全球垃圾量也在不断增加。）”就点明了该文的主题：解决垃圾问题，与环境保护相关。作者主要通过讨论主要的污染源开篇，接着提出政府提出的“零废弃”的生活方式，具体有商店的举措。因此，该文最可能出现在环境新闻周报。故选D项。41A42C43C44B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丽贝卡鲁伊斯王子提出了一项挑战人们放弃一次性塑料的全球运动无塑料七月，不仅提出许多减少塑料使用的措施，还指出塑料的大量使用对人类及自然环境的影响，这项运动得到了包括贝丝特里

155、在内的许多人的支持，越来越多的人参加到活动中以减少塑料的使用。41细节理解题。根据第一段前三句“Plastic-free July is a global campaign that challenges people to give up single-use plastic. The idea is the brainchild of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz, an activist living in Western Australia. She realized that, in addition to raising awareness, she wanted to

156、do something to actually reduce plastic waste.”（“无塑料七月”是一项挑战人们放弃一次性塑料的全球运动。这个想法是生活在西澳大利亚的积极分子丽贝卡鲁伊斯王子提出的。她意识到，除了提高人们的意识，她还想做些事情来真正减少塑料垃圾。）以及最后一句“In the last 6 years, the idea has become so popular that this year, over a million people in 130 countries are on board.”（在过去的六年里，这个想法变得如此流行以至于130个国家的100多万

157、人在今年加入了这个行列。）可知，第一段主要讲“无塑料七月”这项全球运动的背景，介绍了它是如何产生的以及带来了什么样的影响。故选A项。42细节理解题。根据第二段第三至五句“Beths website MyPlasticFreeL includes “100 Steps to a Plastic-Free Life”, “carry your own containers for take-out food and leftovers,” along with reusable cookers and glass drinking straws. Eat ice cream on a cone r

158、ather than get it in a plastic-lined cup. Give up chewing gum.”（贝丝的网站MyPlasticFreeL上提到了“实现无塑料生活的一百种方法”，“携带你自己的容器去打包外卖和剩饭剩菜”，以及可重复使用的餐具和玻璃吸管。吃放在蛋卷里的冰淇淋而不是放在塑料杯里的冰淇淋。不要嚼口香糖。） 可知，我们能在贝丝的网站上看到实现无塑料生活的额外方法。故选C项。43推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“But PlasticFreeJulys A-Z list shows how easy it can be to replace single-use

159、plastic with a reusable version.”（但“无塑料七月”的A-Z名单显示，用可重复使用的塑料替代一次性塑料是多么容易。）可推断，A-Z名单上介绍了实现无塑料生活的替代方案。故选C项。44主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了丽贝卡鲁伊斯王子提出了一项挑战人们放弃一次性塑料的全球运动无塑料七月，这项运动得到了包括贝丝特里在内的许多人的支持，越来越多的人参加到活动中以减少塑料的使用。B项“Plastic-Free July, a Growing Global Movement to Ban Plastic”（无塑料七月一项日益兴起的禁止塑料制品的全球运动）点明文章主旨。故选B项。【

160、点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法：首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题技巧：1. 排除干扰项，突出主题。2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3. 将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。阅读理解题之推理判断题解题技巧：1. 要理解文章的字面意思，弄清上下文的整体逻辑。2. 在阅读过程中要注意作者遣词造句中的深层次含义。3. 要通读题干，充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和判断的内容，以免白费力气。4. 仔细挖掘作者隐藏在文章中的一些重要涵义，切勿用自己的主观判断来代替文章内容。阅读理解之标题归纳题解题技巧：在阅读文章时，要注意文章反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词，看选项内容是否切中文章的主题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。