（新教材）2020-2021学年高中外研版（2019）英语必修第三册课件：UNIT 6　DISASTER AND HOPE　USING LANGUAGE .ppt

1、Unit 6Disaster and hopeUsing language语法精讲深化学习省略(Ellipsis)【情境探究】阅读下面课文原句,补全句中省略部分Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines,as well as one of the deepest(_).My office is only on the third floor of the building,so(_)quite low.The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees,

2、so over 30(_)is not usual for London.linesit isdegrees【要义详析】一、省略的定义省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来,只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义,能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑,而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。二、省略的用法1.并列句中的省略一般说来,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。*John would attend the musical class on the weeken

3、d but his brother would not(attend the musical class).约翰周末要上音乐课,但是他的弟弟不上。*I picked up a wallet in our classroom and(I)returned it to its owner.我在我们的教室里捡到一个钱包并将它还给主人。2.复合句中的省略(1)定语从句如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,这个关系代词可以省略。*I am very fond of the new dress(that/which)you bought for me.我非常喜欢你给我买的这个新裙子。(2)状语从句当状语从句的主

4、语和主句的主语一致,且状语从句中含有be动词时,省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。*While(I was)walking along the river bank,I saw a huge strange creature in the river.当沿着河岸走的时候,我看见水中有一个巨大的奇怪生物。*Unless(I am)invited,I wont attend his wedding ceremony.除非我被邀请,否则我不会参加他的婚礼。(3)宾语从句引导宾语从句的that一般情况下可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下,that不能省略。*The teacher

5、said(that)the word was so important that we should memorize it.老师说这个单词很重要,我们应该记住它。(4)主句省略有时整个主句都可省略,只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。*You all like the story?你们都喜欢这个故事?Yes,except that the conclusion is too hasty.是的,只是结尾太仓促。3.虚拟语气中的省略(1)虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。*Had you come here yesterday,you cou

6、ld have met her.如果你昨天来这的话,你就会见到她了。(2)在一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)等后的宾语从句中,含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that.从句中常省略should。*It is suggested that we(should)study hard during our schooldays.人们建议我们在学生

7、时代要好好学习。*We insisted that our parents(should)respect childrens privacy.我们坚持父母应该尊重孩子的隐私。4.动词不定式的省略(1)有些动词(词组),如want,wish,expect,hope,would like,try,forget等后面的不定式作宾语时,为了避免重复,可以省略动词只保留到to,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have,这些动词就要保留。*She is not the girl she used to be.她已经不是过去的那个女孩了。*His mother asked him to sl

8、eep early,but he didnt want to(sleep early).他妈妈让他早点儿睡觉,但是他不愿意。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个带to,后面可以省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时,则to不可省略。*He wishes to go to college and(to)receive higher education.他想上大学,接受更高等的教育。*It is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。(3)感官动词(词组)see,look at,hear,listen to,notice,watch等和使役动词make,let,ha

9、ve等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to;但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。*I saw him enter the room just now.He was seen to enter the room just now.我看见他刚刚进了房间。(4)在某些句式中,如介词but前有动词do的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略to。*All he could do was nothing but keep silent.他所能做的只有保持沉默。5.介词的省略(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,而只保留后面的动名词,如spend time/money(in)doing sth

10、.;have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.;prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.。*The boy has difficulty(in)adapting to the new environment.这个男孩在适应新环境方面有困难。*The heavy rain prevented him(from)arriving there on time.大雨使他没能按时达到那里。(2)表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,each,these,yesterday,every,tomorrow等词之前,一般可省略。*

11、We have a final exam every term.我们每学期都有期末考试。*We hold a sports meeting every autumn.每年秋季,我们都会举办运动会。6.替代性省略英语中,可以使用so,not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。*Can I put my bike here?我可以把我的自行车放在这儿吗?Youd better not.你最好不要。【即学活用】把下面句子变为省略句。(1)It is a beautiful day,isnt it?_,isnt it?(2)She was poor but she was honest.S

12、he was poor but _.Beautiful dayhonest(3)What do you think made Mary so upset?Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.What do you think made Mary so upset?_.(4)When they are seen from the plane,the houses look like tiny toys._,the houses look like tiny toys.Losing her new bicycleSeen from the plane

13、(5)Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I was going to come yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(6)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is my grandpa.The man _last night is my grandpa.was going toyou visited(7)If I we

14、re a teacher,I would be strict with my students._,I would be strict with my students.(8)My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didnt want to go to college.My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I _.Were I a teacherdidnt want to(9)Do you think he is a good student?I dont think he is a

15、 good student.Do you think he is a good student?I _.(10)She was heard to sing last night.I _last night.think notheard her sing【语法主题应用】用所学的句子省略形式描述一场自然灾害的情况。1.今年夏天,在我家乡下了一场暴雨。2.洪水淹没了村庄,几乎所有村民被困。3.直到政府派来营救人员,他们才脱险。4.村民被问起经过,都激动地说感谢政府,感谢子弟兵。_This summer,there was a heavy rain in my hometown.The water f

16、loodedthe village and almost all the villagers were trapped.They didnt get out of thewoods until the government sent soldiers to rescue them.When asked about it,they all said excitedly they were grateful to the government and the army.主题活动话题实践Activity 1Types of natural disasters.话题词汇1.typhoon台风2.sev

17、ere flood严重的水灾3.deadly forest fire致命的森林火灾4.avalanche雪崩5.blizzard暴风雪6.tsunami海啸7.extremely low temperature极低的温度8.food crisis粮食危机.话题情境选择恰当的选项完成对话。自然科学课上,Lily正与George一起谈论自然灾害的危害。Lily:George,it is so incredible that there has been so many natural disasters in history!George:So it is.1.BLily:There is no

18、doubt that disasters are cruel.2.CGeorge:It is such a pity that people lose their lives in the natural disaster.3.ALily:Of course!Although our human beings are tiny when compared with the nature,we can still make efforts to protect our beautiful home.George:What can we do?Lily:We should be alert whe

19、n the animals behave strangely.4.DA.However,cant we find some ways to protect ourselves when natural disasters approach?B.Each one has affected peoples lives and property to some extent.C.For example,a severe flood caused by huge tidal waves may make up to300,000 people lose their lives.D.In additio

20、n,it is necessary for us to learn some safety tips to protect ourselves.Activity 2Extreme weather conditions.情境句式1.It is said that.据说2.It takes sb.some time.花费某人一段时间做3.Wed better.我们最好4.be doing sth.when.正在做某事,这时突然5.No matter.无论.情境交流Max和Nick正在谈论上周发生在Nick家乡的飓风Max:Hi Nick,1._(据说上周你的家乡被可怕的飓风袭击了).Nick:Ye

21、s.2._(我和父母正在看电视,这时外面的风突然变大,将树都吹倒了)Suddenly,our yard was left in a mess.its said that your hometown was struck by a terriblehurricane last weekMy parents and I were watching TV when the wind outsidebecame strong enough to blow the trees down.Max:Did you feel frightened?Nick:Of course.3._(我花了很长时间才平静下来

22、).Max:Dont worry.4._(无论发生什么,你父母都会陪在你身边).Nick:Yes.We were lucky enough to stay inside when the hurricane occurred.As we all know,5._(当飓风来临时,我们最好待在一个安全的地方).Max:Youre right.Nothing can be more important than our safety.It took me a long time to calm downNo matter what happened,your parents would be withyouwed better stay in a safe place as the hurricaneapproaching