2021年高考英语二轮复习 书面表达考点讲解（含解析）.docx

1、书面表达一、内容解读提纲作文是高考书面表达的考查热点之一。命题者把材料分割成信息块，用独立的文字信息表示出来。这类题型中有较多的文字说明，对考生的表述思路有较明确的规定。形式以书信、报道、通知、日记等为主，内容贴近学生生活。二、能力解读根据考试大纲中对于写作的要求，提纲类作文要求考生能够灵活运用英语知识，根据相关信息将试题要求的要点完整地表述出来，力求准确、简洁、礼貌、规范。这类题型的主要特点是：要点明确，范围具体。考生极容易受中文提纲的制约，将书面表达变成翻译，造成语法结构和词汇使用上的单调。要写好提纲式作文，应注意以下几点：1、细读提示，认真审题，把握体裁审题应包括：审体裁，高考书面表达题

2、的体裁一般有记叙文、说明文和应用文等；审格式，特别注意掌握应用文(书信、通知、演讲稿等)的格式；定人称，根据命题内容需要，对人称进行合理的选择定位；定时态，英语的动词与汉语的动词用法有很大的差别，是考生常出错误的地方。2、紧扣主题，组织要点虽然提纲作文的“要点”似乎已经定好了，但在认真审题，弄清楚题意的基础上，仍要逐个地、完美无缺地把内容要点列出来。3、选词造句，初步成文在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。4、仔细

3、审核，查漏补缺写作时，由于时间仓促，加上心情紧张和粗心，难免出现错漏现象，如漏掉内容要点，字母大小写不准确，单词拼写有误，习惯用语搭配不当，时态混乱，主谓不一致以及母语干扰造成的中文式英语等。所有的这些问题，都值得考生在定稿前认真检查、仔细核对、及时修补，力争做到全文信息齐全、结构合理、语句表达准确。三、提纲作文的常用模版句型 1开篇句 With the development of economy.随着经济的发展 I think that.我认为 I am of the opinion that.就我的看法 It is often said that.人们经常说 At present, th

4、ere is a widespread concern that.目前，引起普遍关注。There is no immediate solution to the problem of., but.might be helpful.关于解决没有快速的办法，但可能会有作用。 2连接句 Among all the given reasons, one should be mentioned.在所有给出的理由中，有一个值得一提。One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is.与上面提到的同样重要的一点是 The main r

5、eason why.is that.的主要原因是 Take.for example/instance.以为例。Another special consideration in this case is that.关于这件事还有一点值得特别考虑，那就是 Besides, we should not neglect that.另外，我们不应该忽视 Therefore, these findings show the following information.因此，这些发现说明了以下信息 Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantage

6、s too.尽管A很优秀，但它也有自身的缺点。3结束句 Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that.考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出这样的结论 So we must.因此我们必须 四、图表作文一、内容解读图表作文是近年来高考常考题型之一。体裁多为议论文、应用文和说明文，内容多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。图表作文一般分为两种形式：1表格形式，将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格体现出来，即统计表。这类题型一般以说明文和议论文居多，往往是介绍、说明某种情况或辩论某种观点

7、、看法，但有时也可能是记叙文。 2图像形式，可分为以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图、以条形形式表示数据大小或数量之间差异的条形图、以圆内扇形面积的大小表示总体中部分结构变化的圆形图等。这类题型一般以说明文居多，是一些关于生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。二、能力解读这种类型的作文要求作者根据表格或图像提供的信息，生动、具体地写出反映该图表的内容，并能够对数据、文字内容进行分析，得出令人信服的结论。图表作文是近几年高考书面表达中常考的形式之一，那么如何才能在高考中取得此类作文的高分呢？就此，名师给我们提出了以下几点应试策略：1审读图表前的文字说明，弄清图表性质，做到“四确定”。首先，确定

8、文章体裁；其次，确定文章的结构；再次，确定文章的时态(动词是句子的核心，时态是句子的灵魂)；最后，确定文章的人称。2审读图表后的要求，寻找做题规律，要注意以下几个方面。(1)词数要求。(2)开头或结尾是否已给出，如果给出，则考生不能另行开头或结尾；并且，要细读所给语句的人称、时态和语言表达风格与口吻，力求前后一致。(3)内容完整，即要点齐全。图表中的内容要注意详略得当和准确全面。(4)行文连贯。行文时必须做到形连和意连。形连要力求自我特色词汇的使用，以增加得分“亮点”。意连要求能涵盖高考书面表达各种文体常用的几个特色词和短语，如however, besides, instead, in the

9、 meanwhile, for instance, on the contrary, worse still, in conclusion, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact等，只有这样才能写出好文章。(5)注意句式的变化，力求在语言表达正确的基础上追求句式变换，确保语言表达的高级性。常见写作技巧主要包括：简单句与复合句的交错使用；主动语态为主，适度穿插被动语态；大胆使用平行结构；适当调整句中定语、状语的位置，使句子表达多样化；三大从句与三种非谓语动词灵活互换；特殊句式(如强调句、感叹句、疑问句、省略句)点缀其间等。总之，图表作文写作要坚持“慢审快写”的

10、原则，必须牢记：审读提示，弄清结构与题材，时态、人称要得当，开头、结尾要呼应；再读图表，句子结构要搭配，语言习惯莫违背；文章书写要规范，显眼之处别出错；文章写好要检查，点滴错误别漏掉。 三、图表式作文的写作步骤第一步：开门见山地点明该图表所反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。引入话题的句型有：As is known by the above graph/in the above table.It can be seen from the above graph/the abov

11、e table that.According to the numbers of the above graph, we can find that.第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后进行描述。在描述数据间变化及总趋势时，可采用分类式或对比式，并阐明理由。 1描述图表变化趋势的词语： 上升：increase/ rise/ go up/ rocket下降：decrease/ reduce/ come down/ decline/ drop/ fall快：quickly/ rapidly/ sharply/ dramatically慢：slowly/ gradually 其他方面的常用词语：

12、while, but, compare.to/ with., in contrast to, as.as., the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等。2分析原因的词语和句式： lead to/ result in/ case/ be responsible for/ account for/ Several factors contribute to such changes.第三步：归纳总结或发表评论/谈看法/说对策。常用短语、词组和句型：in a wo

13、rd/ in short/ generally speaking/ Its clear from the chart that./ We can draw the conclusion that./ We can learn/ know./ Its necessary/ important/ easy/ clear that/ .find it necessary/ important/ easy/ clear to do.五、图画作文一、内容解读看图作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文或叙述一个故事；或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某

14、个结论。看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。二、能力解读根据考试大纲对写作的要求，具体到图画类作文，要求如下：1看图作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能根据图画中所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。2看图作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力，丰富的想象力，严谨的逻辑，冷静的分析，以及最终将以上诸方面素质综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。3看图作文行文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句、段与段之间的意

15、思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。看图作文的特点比较明显，而且它仍是高考中的重要考点，针对这些，著名英语教师给出了如下几点写作技巧：1仔细审题，确定要点。对于这类试题，考生首先应仔细审题，看懂图画所表达的意思，根据图画内容整理出几个要点，再根据这些要点决定要采用的语言形式。 2紧扣要点，组句成篇。看图写作时要选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将题中所规定的内容要点加以表达，进而串联成文。在表达时句子宜短不宜长，应慎用分词或复合句，对拿不准的表达，可采用“迂回”或“回避”的方法，即在不改变原有意思的前提下，改换另一种表达方式

16、，但切忌中文式的英语，或根据英语语法人为地编造一些不规范、不地道的语言材料。3表达准确，过渡自然。考生对看图作文所提供的图画，通常先是分幅叙述，相互之间没有逻辑联系。考生在分幅叙述之后，应按照合理的顺序，将句子串联成文。在连贯时，可适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，如and, then, however, besides, thus等，这样会使文章脉络清晰，层次分明，意思连贯。4规范书写，检查润色。详读全文，检查是否遗漏要点；是否有明显的语法和结构错误；单词拼写是否有误；标点符号是否遗漏或用错；词数是否符合要求等。必背模版和句型 1开头。 Look at this picture./ The pic

17、ture shows that./ From this picture, we can see./ As is shown in the picture./ As is seen in the picture. 2衔接句。 As we all know, ./ As is known to all, ./ It is well known that./ In my opinion, ./ As far as I am concerned, ./ This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3结尾句。 In conclusion./ I

18、n brief./ On the whole./ In short./ In a word./ Generally speaking./ As has been stated.等。六、开放作文 一、内容解读随着高考英语改革进程的不断深入和发展，英语书面表达的命题形式也会日趋灵活与开放。开放式作文类似语文考试中的材料作文。试题给出一定的素材或主题，让学生在此基础上自由发挥，自由创作，不受“文体形式，内容要点”的限制。开放作文更能反映出考生的写作水平。开放作文不同于传统的书面表达。传统的书面表达是一种控制性写作，即通过要点提示、图画、表格等命题形式来限定书面表达的内容、人称、时态、词数、文体等，使

19、考生自由发挥的空间缩小，在一定程度上限制了考生的思维、想象等能力的发挥。而开放作文只给出一段素材或一幅图画，然后由考生在此基础上充分发挥想象，自由创作。开放式书面表达是高考命题的趋势。近几年来，高考书面表达题在稳定中求发展。它越来越趋向于夹叙夹议的题型，其中最大的特点就在于题目越来越趋向于开放性，给考生以足够的自由发挥和自由想象的空间。估计今后还会加大对此类书面表达的考查力度。二、能力解读根据考试大纲的要求，具体到开放类作文，要求考生做到：1开放作文对考生的能力要求更高，考查也更全面。它不仅考查考生的书面语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且考查考生的逻辑思维能力、发散思维能力、丰富的想象力以及多角

20、度考虑问题的创新思维能力。2与传统作文相比，开放作文不仅扩大了命题和考生写作的范围，提高了考生的写作兴趣，而且把对考生能力的考查提高到更高、更新的层面上来。针对开放类作文的灵活性与开放性，名师为考生提出以下几个写作步骤：1认真审题，把握要求，找准提示语中的关键句开放作文需要考生根据试题提示的要求进行立意，确定文章的中心思想。立意的基础是审题。因此，考生在着手写作之前，要认真审题，确实把握命题要求，找准提示语中的关键句。2依据关键句，草拟提纲，梳理文章脉络通过认真审题，找准关键句以后，下一步的任务就是如何安排已选定的这些材料，要为自己心中所设想的材料草拟一个提纲，梳理清楚先后顺序。这样写起来就会

21、有条不紊、条理清楚、详略得当，使得所写的文章中心突出。3准确定位人称、时态，遣词造句要扬长避短(1)开放作文通常以提供一个故事材料片段为主。大部分情况下，文中所使用的动词时态以一般过去时为主，但人称的使用较为灵活，考生应该依据文章提示准确定位人称。(2)在人称、时态准确定位以后，考生应将重点放在文章的遣词造句上。考生应尽可能运用自己熟悉的单词、短语或句型来灵活表达，避免单词、短语或句型的重复使用。简而言之，开放作文的写作思路和汉语作文非常相似。首先要明确主题，然后根据主题构建文章的主体结构，即写作提纲，最后在写作过程中要突出主题、层次分明。【写作技巧】一、写作六步法1审：审题，确定四要素：体裁

22、格式；题材内容；中心人称以及主体时态；2抓，抓要点，确定主要行为；3扩：扩展成句，形成基本语意单位；4连：连词成句，正确使用过渡词，使行文流畅，并注意段与段的衔接；5改：查错改错，注意时态、标点和拼写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等；6抄：誊写，修改无误后，认真规范地誊写在规定的地方，注意保持卷面整洁，书写工整、清楚。二、写作亮点1肯定不如双否好修辞的使用在写作中算作很大的亮点，双重否定也是种修辞， 只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day.，就不如变成双重否定：The postman nev

23、er fails to come on time every day.，这就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。再比如介绍澳大利亚的Allan Stewart的学习态度“挑战自我，永远为时不晚”，也可以写成双重否定：He believes that it is never too late to challenge himself.。又如陕西卷中的Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with us，but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.以及高考浙江卷中的I c

24、ant agree more with this view.。应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。2陈述不如倒装妙在写作中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装、强调、从句、独立主格或分词结构以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对写作，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。(1)否定词开头：例如：I will never marry you.不如变成倒装句，用否定词开头：Never will I marry you.，这样就算作使用了高级语法。其他的否定词，如not，seldom，hardly等开头的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。(2)地点

25、状语开头：在很多年份的高考写作中都有表达地点的句子，一座建筑位于什么位置或什么地方有什么东西，都可以应用倒装。例如：图书馆位于学校的中央“Our library is in the center of our school.”变成倒装就用地点状语开头：In the center of our school lies our library.。其他的例子：河岸上有一些花“On the bank stand some flowers.”，天空中繁星点点“In the sky hang lots of stars.”总之在表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首，后面进行主谓倒装，这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就

26、是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子呈现更多的亮点。例如：In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.(3)only介词短语：例如：针对乱扔垃圾的行为发表个人看法：环境需要大家维护，只有人人把保护环境作为己任，我们才能有更美好的生活。这句话就可以用倒装形式来表达：Only in this way call we live in more comfortable and beautiful s

27、urroundings.。其他的例子还有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.。(4)形容词as主语谓语动词：例如： Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate.再比如：Young as I am, I can manage it; Rich as our country is，we have a lot of problems.。还有其他的倒

28、装结构：很高兴收到你的来信So glad am I to hear from you.。在高考中要尽量使用一两个倒装句。3主动不如被动巧在英文中，被动语态的使用很重要。因为英语中经常用被动语态，汉语中经常用主动语态；英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现出丰富的句型，整篇文章也生动起来。例如：在全国卷的试题中，同学们决定为小明举办生日宴会，在表达宴会的内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等时，很多学生只是简单地罗列，但是如果用上被动语态：Then the cak

29、e will be cut and well sing songs and play games.。这就显得语句表达层次性强，分数会更高。4分词结构不能少在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构。例如：条件状语从句：If such is the case, you should apologize to her.如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。If such is the c

30、ase, you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改，第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is变成分词是being，所以最后变成Such being the case, you should apologize to her.，就变成了独立主格结构。如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构。想表达“由于，因为，如果”等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。三、常用高分句型1合并句子(丰富结构)：Not only can I improve my oral English but also I

31、learn some customs in western countries. For one thing, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. 2改变语态(避免单调)：Besides, I am a booklover and the books are so well kept that they are as good as new. 3使用省略(达到言简意赅的

32、效果)：If so, please keep quiet about it because we want to give him a surprise. 4使用强调句型(突出语意)：My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.It is for these reasons that I finally made my choice.Its because of this and my effort in class

33、 that I managed to get the first place in the English Contest held recently in our school. 5使用倒装句(增强说服力)：Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate. 6使用虚拟语气(提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受)She would have never thought a complete surprise

34、 was waiting for her.7使用with结构(丰富句式)：The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing. 8使用状语从句(强调谓语或句子)Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available.9使用定语从句(表意丰富)：In 2018, he who was praised by his teacher for being good at arranging time received

35、 his fourth degree through learning on the Internet. Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision. 10使用名词性从句(体现扎实的语言功底)：Not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. My English is just OK and the two m

36、ain problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.11使用非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化)：Whats worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.Su Hua a

37、nd Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball.四、巧写开头结尾1开头方法一：名人名言经典句型：A proverb says, “Genius only means hardworking all ones life.”(适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that.不言而喻(适用于自编名言)更多经典句型：As everyone knows，.No one can deny that.开头方法二：数字统计要想更有说服力，就应该用具体的数字来说明，所以不妨用下面的句型：According to

38、 a recent survey, about 70% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.A recent statistics shows that.2结尾方法一：结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让阅卷老师眼前一亮，这样就可以拿高分了。比如下面的句子：Obviously (此为过渡词), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect

39、 for others.更多过渡方式：in conclusion; in brief; Thus, it can be concluded that.; Therefore, we can find that.; to sum up结尾方法二：建议Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. (经典的虚拟语气的句型)更多句型：Accordingly (因此), I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently (因此), to sol

40、ve the problem, some measures should be taken.【高分技巧】技巧一靓化词汇学会运用高级表达英语书面表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：一、使用亮点词汇的4种策略“语”众不同，避免人云亦云写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想

41、不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。(2019北京卷书面表达)Im very glad to know that youre coming to tour in China.Im more than delighted to know that youre coming to tour in China.(2019全国卷书面表达)I hope you can consider my application and allow me to be a volunteer.I hope you can take my application into consideration and a

42、llow me to be a volunteer.(2019全国卷书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am sure that I am fit for the job. So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am qualified for the job. (2019全国卷书面表达)As a result, en

43、ough preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.As a consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.(2019天津卷书面表达)I want to make my voice heard.I feel an urge to make my voice heard.Only when you do more rea

44、ding and writing can you succeed in improving your English.Only when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and appealing, but our school life is also rich and colorful.To our great joy, not only are our classes liv

45、ely and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.(2018全国卷书面表达)Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. And word came that a short

46、film will be shown in our school.更新换代，避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。(2018天津卷书面表达)On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once took part in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accum

47、ulated much experience in it.On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.(2018全国卷书面表达)Moreover，we will build a new stadium

48、 and with the stadium built，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.Moreover，we will build a new stadium and with the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.(2017全国卷书面表达)The team will hold many activities，some of which will appeal to you，including many matches.The

49、 team will hold a range of activities，some of which will appeal to you，including many matches.词汇运用，短语优先当单词和短语表示同一个意思时，优先使用短语。恰当使用短语，一方面能使文章更加生动，另一方面也能展示出学生扎实的语言功底。(2019全国卷书面表达)Besides, I know English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished gue

50、sts efficiently.Moreover, I have a good command of English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.(2019全国卷书面表达)For one thing, I know Chinese painting well, for my father is a Chinese painter.For one thing, I am quite famili

51、ar with Chinese painting, for my father is a Chinese painter.(2018天津卷书面表达)We desperately need your help.We are desperately in need of your help.(2018北京卷书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which proved to be extremely rewarding.Last week

52、, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.用高级词汇取代简单词汇为了表现自己的语言功底，显示出自己的写作水平，应避免反复使用低年级学过的简单词汇，尽量使用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。(2018北京卷书面表达)If you take my advice you are sure to have the most unforgettable experience during your

53、college in Beijing.So long as you take my advice you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(2017天津卷书面表达)Second，I am trying my best to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.Second，I am sparing no effort to acquire the essential

54、knowledge and skills concerning my position.(全国卷书面表达)I should say sorry for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I should make an apology for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.二、写作的秘密武器24个高级词汇名词普通词汇高级词汇普通词汇高级词汇chanceopportunitychoicealternat

55、iveideaopinionpeopleindividualresultconsequenceeffectinfluence动词havepossessreplacesubstitutebearput up withunderstandmake sense ofdeveloppromoteconsidertake intoaccount形容词enoughadequaterichabundantproperappropriateimportantvital/ significantinterestingabsorbing/appealingdifficultchallenging副词finally

56、eventuallyhardlybarelyimmediatelyin a flashnowadayscurrently连词sothereforeandas well as(2017全国卷书面表达)It is of importance for you to understand the content，Tang poetry.It is of importance for you to make sense of the content，Tang poetry.It is of importance for you to be aware of the content，Tang poetry

57、.(2017北京卷书面表达)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better alternative.In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.三、写作的顶级装备

58、27个加分词汇表达关注的名词attention, focus, concern表达争论的名词discussion, debate, argument表达现象的名词phenomenon表达优缺点的名词advantage, disadvantage, strength, weakness表达增长或下降的动词increase, accumulate, decrease, decline表达导致后果的动词短语result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to, give rise to表达支持、反对的动词短语approve of, be in favor of

59、, object to表达可能性的形容词likely表达有好处的形容词beneficial表达强调的副词particularly, especiallyThe picture shows a common phenomenon these days.这幅图显示了这些日子的一个常见现象。The Internet has brought about many changes in the workplace.网络给工作场所带来了很多变化。Our teacher is likely to get angry when she sees the dirty floor.我们的老师看到地面这么脏时，可能

60、会发火。技巧二句式要高级，句子要鲜活 句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用会使文章极具可读性。考生在写作时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！特殊句式，风景独好写作中，如果考生能够使用强调句、倒装句、省略句、感叹句等特殊句式，不仅能彰显考生的英语水平，还能提升写作档次。1运用强调句With your generous help, I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possib

61、le.It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.(2019全国卷书面表达)I believe hard work will pay off!I do believe hard work will pay off!2运用倒装句(2019全国卷书面表达)The game is so significant that it is required that everyone should be present punctua

62、lly.So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should be present punctually.3运用虚拟语气If you should accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to your satisfaction.Should you accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to your satisfaction.4运用省

63、略句While we travel along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.While travelling along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.5it 句型(2018全国卷书面表达)First of all, bear it in mind that you had b

64、etter arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time, which is of great significance to show your politeness.(it作形式宾语)(2018江苏卷书面表达)It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.(it作形式主语)三大句式，编排巧妙1增加亮点的定语从句定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，或者把并列句改为含有

65、定语从句的复合句，这些都能为文章增加亮点。(2018全国卷书面表达)Everyone is welcome to watch the film. It tells about the development of our school.Everyone is welcome to watch the film, which tells about the development of our school.(2017浙江卷6月书面表达)We will go to the Spring Mountain and there we can have a climb.We will go to th

66、e Spring Mountain, where we can have a climb.(2019全国卷书面表达)Further, it is necessary for you to take a good rest. It will provide enough energy for you.Further, it is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.2提升档次的名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，是写作中常见的高级表达句式。(2

67、019全国卷书面表达)I hold the firm belief that I am the very person for this job.(同位语从句)(2018全国卷书面表达)It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball matches.(主语从句)(2018江苏卷书面表达)There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the rati

68、ngs in consumption.(同位语从句)(2017北京卷书面表达)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice(表语从句)3吸引眼球的状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句型，它的灵活运用能使作文更具吸引力。(2018北京卷书面表达)Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for y

69、ou.(2018江苏卷书面表达)Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.(2017全国卷书面表达)If you want to apply for membership, you are required to fill in the application form and send an email to pingpong123. com.(2019全国卷书面表达)When it comes to what I can do to help, I believe

70、I can be an outstanding tour guide in terms of Chinese painting explanation.活用非谓，手法老到1.运用非谓语动词整合简单句，提升表达档次。写作时，考生可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行整合，使其成为较高级的表达。On the other hand, I will help set up the English Corner. I will provide us students with a platform to practice our oral English.On the other hand, I will

71、help set up the English Corner, providing us students with a platform to practice our oral English.(现在分词作状语)I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help.Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.(现在分词作状语)2运用非谓语动词简化复合句，使语言简练。When the airport is

72、completed next year, it will help promote tourism in this area.The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.(不定式作定语)Because I was amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good as them.Amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as goo

73、d as them.(过去分词作状语)适时感叹，必要强调How happy I was to be one of the members in this warm family! This is one of the most treasured moments in my memory.成为这个温暖大家庭的一员，我是多么高兴啊！这是我记忆中最珍贵的时刻之一。Not only did it get us close to nature and relieve us of the heavy schoolwork, but it also promoted the friendship amon

74、g us. What a wonderful time!这件事不仅使我们亲近自然，摆脱繁重的功课，而且增进了我们之间的友谊。多么美好的时光啊！How considerate of you to remember my birthday!您真得很体贴，还记得我的生日。高级表达，佳作之道1As the saying goes.常言道Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesnt make a forest.”， our success is based on cooperating with others.正如谚语所言：“独木难成林。”我们的成功是建立在与别人合作

75、的基础上的。2It goes without saying that.毋庸置疑It goes without saying that nothing is more important than health.毋庸置疑，没有什么比健康更重要。3There is no denying that.不可否认There is no denying that it was my teachers encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。4It is a good idea to do

76、sth.做是个好主意。It is a good idea to travel with a good friend，which will reduce your travelling expenses.与好朋友一起旅行是个好主意，这能减少旅行的费用。5It is a virtue and tradition for sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的优良传统和美德。It is a virtue and tradition for us Chinese people to help those in need.帮助需要帮助的人是我们中华民族的优良传统和美德。6It is strongly

77、 recommended that.强烈建议It is strongly recommended that the school should give students more free time to take part in sports activities.强烈建议学校给学生们更多的自由时间参加体育活动。7If I were.，I would.如果我是我会If I were you，I would make good use of my spare time to help him get rid of this bad habit step by step.要是我是你的话，我会充

78、分利用业余时间帮助他渐渐地去掉这个坏习惯。8I sincerely hope that.我真诚地希望We sincerely hope that all students will provide original artworks to celebrate the 60th anniversary of our school. 为庆祝我校60周年校庆，我们真诚地希望所有的学生提供原著艺术作品。9The problem with . is that .的问题是The truth is that.事实是The most important factor is that.最重要的因素是This i

79、s because/why.这是因/这就是为什么But the problem is that a number of middle school students are growing increasingly addicted to phones. 但是问题是许多中学生沉溺于手机。The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you dont have to worry so much.事实上每个人都有似乎诸事不顺的一段时期，因此你没有必要太

80、担心。10I hold the view/belief that.我持观点/我认为We hold the firm belief that the visitors will know more about Chinese Traditional culture and at the same time enjoy the beauty of it.我们坚信游客会了解更多的中国传统文化，与此同时享受中国传统文化的美。技巧三过渡衔接，巧妙运用 一篇好的文章读起来是抑扬顿挫、圆润通畅、朗朗上口的。词汇再美、句式再高级，若缺乏有效的衔接与过渡，充其量只能是一盘零乱的珍珠，虽光彩夺目却不堪受用。有效地

81、使用过渡成分将亮点语句串“珠”成篇，是成就满分作文的最后一道“工序”。利用好“起”“承”“转”“合”四方法，会让文章读起来自然流畅，彰显考生深厚的写作功底，折服阅卷老师挑剔的目光，为之“倾倒”而给高分。创造良好开端表示“起”的词汇常用在段落或文章的开头，用于开篇引出扩展句。常见的词汇有：first, firstly, first of all, at first, in the first place, above all, to begin/start with, today, now, nowadays, at present, currently, recently, generally

82、 speaking, according to等。(2019全国卷书面表达)To begin with, because I am very good at drawing Chinese painting, I can introduce and explain a lot of Chinese painting knowledge to the visitors.(2018全国卷书面表达)According to our tradition，you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare t

83、he dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting.(2017全国卷书面表达)Now Im writing to tell you the plan for the next class.(2017天津卷书面表达)Firstly，I am expected to know about the polite language related to my service.顺势承上启下表示“承”的词汇常用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句。常见的词汇有：second/secondly, also, besides, in addition

84、, soon afterwards, after that, whats more, furthermore, moreover, whats worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, for example, in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, meanwhile, at the same time等。(2019全国卷书面表达)Besides, I have a sense of responsibility and rich experience in

85、being a volunteer. (2019全国卷书面表达)Moreover, I learned Chinese painting for more than ten years in my childhood; therefore, I do know a lot about this great art form.(2017北京卷书面表达)Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received.巧妙转折过渡表示“转”的词汇常用来表示不同或相反的意见或情

86、况。常见的词汇有：but, yet, however, while, otherwise, or (else), on the contrary, on the other hand, contrary to, in any case, though, although, as, even if/though, despite, in spite of, regardless of等。(2018北京卷书面表达)Though/Although the foreign students have studied in our school for a long time，they dont kno

87、w how to make tea.(2017江苏卷书面表达)However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year.(2017北京卷书面表达)Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.完美结束全文表示“合”的词汇常用于小结段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。常见的词汇有：finally, last but not least, in short, in brief, in conclusion,

88、 in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general等。(2019全国卷书面表达)Last but certainly not least, as vice monitor of our class, I am kind, patient and always ready to help others.(2019全国卷书面表达)To sum up, I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school.(2018全国卷书面表达)In brief, do as

89、 the Chinese do when in China.(2018北京卷书面表达)In a/one word, I do hope your dream will come true and its my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.高频考点一、提纲作文例1、假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：(1) 表示欢迎；(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：(1). 词数

90、不少于50；(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.Learning yo

91、ur keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance is neede

92、d like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.I sincerely hope your dream will come true and its my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel

93、 free to let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介绍一下写作背景（Jim对中国文化感兴趣，要来中国学习），表达欢迎。然后推荐一所大学，并简要介绍推荐的原因（如大学的特色，可以学到什么等）。再次简单介绍应该做哪方面的准备，如可以提前学习汉语，读点有关中国传统文化的书，了解中国的习俗，让自己更好地适应中国的生活。文章可采用一般现在时，人称可以使用第二人称。亮点说明：文章中巧妙使用非谓语Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, 使句子结构紧凑。使用定语

94、从句Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 使句子表达更完美；巧妙使用连接词while引出来中国前的准备，使句子结构对称。【变式探究】假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。（1） 回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；（2） 谈谈收获或感想；（3

95、） 表达祝愿与期望。注意：（1） 词数不少于100；（2） 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3） 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear friends,How time flies!_Thank you.【解析】这是一篇发言稿，要点都已经给出，关键在于要点要全面涵盖，不能有遗漏和省略。但是要点只是提纲，考生还要在此基础上增加细节，不要逐字逐句翻译，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法句型使文章更有文采。审题时注意本文时态主要是一般过去时和一般现在时，描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出来。难点在于选择词汇和句型

96、，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。【变式探究】假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：1参加英语角的益处；2坚持写英语日记的作用；3英文阅读网站(Enjoy Reading)对你的帮助。注意：1词数：120150；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_。命题特点1命题常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现。2写作内容被以提纲的形式分割成独立的信息块，所给的提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段的大体内容，为考生提

97、供了写作思路。3考查形式以电子邮件、报道、通知、日记等为主，内容贴近学生的生活实际。写作策略一、写作步骤和技巧1写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。2每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。3提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。还需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句，然后围绕主题句进行扩展。4收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”，也要具有典型性

98、，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。二、审题和构思1本文是一篇提纲式作文。写好此文，需注意以下几点：一是时态把握要准确。文章基本时态为一般现在时，同时兼顾其他的时态。二是要点要齐全，且详略得当。题目已对要点作出了明确的规定，这些要点不能有遗漏。三是切忌照译，要适当地增加细节，恰当地使用连接词、过渡词，使行文连贯流畅。2通过审题，归纳出本文内容要点如下：(1)参加英语角的益处：结识朋友，提高英语口语；(2)坚持写英语日记的作用：有助于英语的学习；(3)英文阅读网站的帮助：读到经典文章，学到学习技巧。以上三点是基本要点，缺一不可，除此之外，在文章开头应点明主题，结

99、尾作出总结，开头和结尾应略写。3围绕要点联想所需词汇：参加英语角：take part in English corner结识许多朋友：meet many friends提高我的英语口语：my oral English improved写英语日记：keep English diaries做是有用的/帮助的：It is useful/helpful to do sth.经典的：classic在上起重要作用：play an important part in.得到回报：pay off4连词成句：(1)为了学好英语，除了英语课之外，我还参加英语角和其他课外英语活动，这对我很有益。In order to

100、 learn English well, apart from English class，I took an active part in English corner and other afterschool English activities, which benefit me a lot.To learn English well, I took part in English corner and other afterschool English activities besides English class, benefiting me a lot. (2)在英语角上，我遇

101、到许多朋友，他们与我兴趣相同。In the English corner, I meet many friends，who share the same interest with me.Attending the English corner, I meet many friends sharing the same interest with me.(3)我觉得记英语日记很有用。I find it useful to keep English diaries.I find (that) it is useful for me to keep English diaries.(4)谚语说得好

102、，“熟能生巧”。There is a famous saying, which says“Practice makes perfect”As a famous saying goes, practice makes perfect.参考范文As a high school student, I consider English as a very important subject. In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other aft

103、erclass English activities, which benefit me a lot.In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. Besides, sometimes, some foreigners are glad to join us. By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot. I also find it useful to keep English diaries. I keep on

104、doing it these years and it is helpful to my English. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. Only by practice will we make more progress. Finally, some good English reading websites contribute a lot to my improvement. Through these websites, I can read some classic English passages, poems and sto

105、ries. Whats more, I can learn some learning skills, which play an important part in my study process.All in all, every road leads to Rome, but I believe hard work pays off.高频考点二、图画作文例2假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video_ 参考词汇和句型：1. In order to

106、leave some impressive memories for all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our appreciation to2. carried out a discussion/various ideas were put forward3. shot some wonderful videos in the school/interviewed our teachers4. Those who are talented in computer contributed

107、 to the making of the video.5. edited the video/added our love to6. The show received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.7. Memories of the past flooded into our minds/firm bond to our school内容要点：1. 讨论分工2. 收集素材3. 编辑制作4. 放映视频One possible version：Graduation finally came. My classmates and I d

108、ecided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated o

109、ver what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.【变式探究】假

110、设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：地球日Earth Day【答案】Actions for a Greener EarthA week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.Our class

111、came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people

112、 there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.【解析】话题比较常规，整体难度适中。

113、“地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，考生并不陌生。内容主要包括：公告栏了解活动、分工制作、变废为宝的宣传活动、主题讲座等。题目要求按照四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。词数不少于60词，参考词汇必须使用。使用一般过去时和第一人称进行写作。亮点说明：范文使用了非谓语动词calling upon us to join in the actions和so.that句型与宾语从句we can do more for a better world等，句式多样；还使用了固定词组call upon sb

114、 to do sth, join in, come up with, make use of, turn.into, give away, be proud of等，使作文内容变得丰富。【变式探究】假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。注意：1日记的开头已为你写好。2词数不少于60。Saturday，June 2 FineThis morning，_ _命题特点1形象，直观，内容具体，素材接近生活。图画类的写作提供的情景有单幅图画、双幅图画或连环图画，大多配有简洁的文字以说明

115、图画或图片的主题及试题的写作要求。情景一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考写作“生活化”的特点，为学生提供了充分发挥自由想像的空间，突出了对创新意识和发散思维能力的考查。2文体形式多样。图画式写作的体裁比较广泛，可以是记叙文，将图画中所表达的信息完整地记录下来；也可以是说明文，根据图画从时间、过程、步骤等方面对之加以解释、说明；还可以是议论文，针对图画中所表现出来的一般现象，加以议论，得出结论，提出解决问题的办法。写作策略一、写作步骤和技巧1针对此类题型，应首先仔细阅读图画以及文字说明，确定文章体裁。此类文章一般都会给出关键词、文章的开头或规定场景，写作时要注意画面体

116、现的主题以及各画面之间的联系。体裁一般以记叙文或说明文为主。2确定人称。若以日记、回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；若以讲故事的形式来写，一般采用第三人称。3确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁，确定文章要使用的时态。介绍人物或叙述某事件的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；揭示或反映某个社会现象则用一般现在时。4发挥联想要合理、适度。这类文章一般要求进行适度合理的联想和发挥，以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来，要注意每幅图画之间过渡性词语的选择。5虚实结合，详略得当。对于图画中的内容，要注意详略得当。如图画中所出现的时间、数字或言论要一词不漏地写清楚，而有些过程或原因则可适当简略。二、审题和构思1首

117、先要认真审题，确定人称和时态。本题通过四幅图介绍李华在路上做的好事，文章要求用日记的形式叙述，因此应写成以过去时态为主的记叙文。2挖掘材料，整理需要表达的内容，列出要点和提纲。通过认真观察每幅图画，结合图中所给的文字信息(如数字、问号、天安门的图示等)，我们可以知道四幅图主要是讲述了李华偶遇路人并向路人提供帮助的事情，是生活中熟悉的话题。写作时，应把时间、地点、人物、事件过程写得具体而详实，最后应对此事发表一些感悟。可以归纳出以下四个要点：发现两名游客(see two travelers)；询问情况(ask what happened)；告诉路线(tell how)；挥手告别(wave goo

118、dbye to)。3围绕要点联想所需词汇：看上去困惑：look puzzled迷路：be/get lost过去询问他们：go up to them and ask天坛：the Temple of Heaven领某人去：lead sb. to.乘坐20路公交车：take Bus No. 20彼此挥手告别：wave goodbye to each other4连点成句：(1)今天上午，我正走在街上，看到两名游客在看地图，看起来很迷惑。This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were readi

119、ng a map, looking puzzled.This morning, I was walking on the street when I saw two travelers reading a map, looking puzzled.This morning, I was walking on the street when I saw two travelers reading a map, who looked puzzled.(2)我过去询问他们是否需要帮忙。I went up to them and asked if/whether they need help.(3)我

120、带他们到附近的公交车站，建议他们乘坐20路公交车，这路公交车可以把他们直接带去那里。I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, which could take them there directly.(4)我们彼此挥手告别。We waved goodbye to each other.参考范文Saturday, June 2FineThis morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were readi

121、ng a map, looking puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up to them and asked how I could help. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, which could take them there directly. They appreciated my help great

122、ly. Before long, the bus came. We waved goodbye to each other. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.高频考点三、图表作文一、写作技巧1认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题，弄清设计者想通过图表所反映的信息、问题或现象。对于曲线图，要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并注意交会点在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位；对于流程图，要按照流程顺序进行适当的逻辑推理；对于柱状图和饼状图，要通过宽度相等的柱形的高度比较和各部分所占的比例来判断事物的动态发展趋势，关注坐标线

123、的刻度、单位以及图表旁边的提示说明；对于平面图，要仔细观察，理解图表的真正含义，按一定的逻辑顺序，有层次地进行表述。2在掌握了全部信息的基础上，着手分析这些信息或数据，通过分析对比，找出不同点和相似点。二、写作步骤1开门见山，点明主题。开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题，即conclusion。可以点明图表所反映的主题或问卷、民意调查的结果，也可以点明要展开阐述的话题。2呈现数据，分析原因。呈现调查所得数据、结果，阐明必要的理由或原因；分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写(在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐述必要的理由)。要特别注意层次性，切忌反复使用同一句型或

124、反复出现图表中的数据，否则文章会显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的方式，使用不同的词语及句式。3归纳总结或发表评论。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么最后一段写解决办法的可能性最大。如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么最后一段很可能是两种情况可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，也可能写未来的趋势或发展方向。此外，写作时还要注意：(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述；善于抓住总的规律、趋势，归纳增减率；过去特定的时间用过去时，经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时；(2)切忌写成“填表题”“一对一直译”“句式单一”，遗漏“间接要点”，应巧妙组合信息。三、审题和构思1文章可采用三段式结构。第一段描述图表

125、，揭示图表的显性特征；第二段罗列产生该变化的内在原因，该段可以采用总分结构。注意所罗列原因之间的过渡，要使用一些衔接词和过渡语，使行文连贯、过渡自然。在表达要点时，可以采用一主题句加一扩展句的形式；第三段对全文作简短的总结，可用in short引出简要结论。2本文文体是说明文，时态用一般现在时和一般过去时。3围绕要点进行词汇联想：如表格所述：As is described in the chart发生变化：changes have taken place婴儿出生率从下降到：the infant mortality rate dropped from.to.生活条件：living conditi

126、ons医疗保健：medical care意识到：be aware of环境保护：environmental protection4连点成句：用as引导定语从句描述图表：As is described in the chart, in developing countries great changes have taken place in life expectancy and infant mortality rate between 1960 and 2011.用while引导让步状语从句突出预期寿命从1960年到2011年的变化：The life expectancy in 1960

127、was about 40 years, while it increased to about 60 years in 2011.用than引导比较状语从句突出医疗条件的变化：Second, thanks to the development in science and medicine, people are receiving better medical care than they used to.例3.请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(boxoffice income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Saturday Afternoon.In a S

128、hopping Centre.Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?Su Hua：Whatever. Weve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the WestEach sounds great! Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua: And the hightech！Li Jiang：Perfect！Lets get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left

129、.Su Hua：No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home.Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. Its convenient with our new and faster network.Son：But it feels good in a cinema.Mother：And the priceWe have to pay 50 y

130、uan a ticket.Son：Only 10 yuan more than last yearMother：But still we cannot get the moneys worth. Some films are just boring【写作内容】1用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；2我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；3谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。【写作要求】1写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3不必写标题。【参考范文】The boxoffice income of

131、 Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in

132、the boxoffice income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away fro

133、m cinemas, leading to a slower growth.Chinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its boxoffice income will probably enjoy a slight increase.高频考点四：(半)开放作文1书面表

134、达假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括： 1主题：环境保护； 2展览时间； 3投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow.注意：1词数100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear Peter,Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental pro

135、tection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited ou

136、r school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow.Hope to hear from you soon.Yours,Li Hua【解析】本文属于半开放作文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Peter写信，建议他参加你校摄影俱乐部举办的国际中学生摄影展。文章要使用第一人称和一般现在时为主的时态。要点：1. 校摄影俱乐部举办的国际中学生摄影展，主题为环境保护；2.展览时间6月15日，持续三周

137、；3.知道对方对摄影很感兴趣，也恰好有环保方面的图片，希望对方能够参加本次展览。4.投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow。在写作时，注意书信的格式以及过渡用语的正确使用；同时尽量使用熟悉的词汇及短语，尤其注意不要出现中国式英语，恰当使用一些复合句或者谚语以增加获得高分的可能性。【方法技巧】命题特点1文体特点：(半)开放作文一般只给出主题、两三点提示、一段素材或漫画，然后由考生在此基础上充分发挥想像力，自由发挥，自由创作。2常见的(半)开放式作文命题形式：话题式：即围绕题目中所给的特定的话题说明、叙述、举例，最后谈谈自己的感想或发表自己的看法。漫画式：即要求考生根据一定提示(一般是一段约20词的

138、英文提示或一幅漫画)，写一篇短文。要求考生充分发挥想像力和创造力，自由拓展主题，组织篇章结构，这样既能体现出学生活跃的思维，又能表现出他们的逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力，从而把对考生写作能力的考查上升到一个新的高度。3(半)开放作文常考文体：记叙文：一般给出一段材料，然后要求考生根据所给材料的内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，给故事添加开头、发展过程及结尾。议论文：要求考生根据所提供的信息材料(一般为漫画)，在描述漫画信息之余，发挥自己的想像，展开简单的议论，并略谈自己的观点和看法。【变式探究】请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。You are discussing the followi

139、ng picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so._参考范文I think the long pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the short pencil by saying “Youre nearing the end！” The short pencil, on the other hand, remains calm.

140、 The long pencils words let him fall into deep thoughts. He clearly remembers he has been used in writing and drawing. Its true that hes approaching the end but he has been living a memorable life and there has rarely been a dull moment. In reality, we should learn from the short pencil: not to mind

141、 what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.1. 【2019全国卷I】假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要剧版中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。注意:：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结束语已为你写好。_Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua.【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文。1.审题立意本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写申请信，人称使用第一人称和第二人

142、称，时态用一般现在式。2.谋篇布局书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出。首段，写信的目的，中间段写个人优势和能做的事，最后一段总结。3.关键词根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇有：volunteer，a Chinese Painting Exhibition，local city，advantages，a good command of，beneficial for，familiarity with，appreciate ，take my application into consideration。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写

143、或语法错误，并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，如First of all, Besides, to begin with，moreover，as for me，Last but not least，等，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。【范文】Dear sir or madam,I am a Chinese student named Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation. Knowing that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paint

144、ings, I am writing to apply for volunteering. As a student who has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old, I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners. Besides, my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings will help visitors unders

145、tand the meaning behind each painting deeply. I will appreciate it if I could be given the opportunity.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua.2. 【2019全国卷II】假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括:1.比赛信息；2.赛前准备；3.表达期待。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Dear Chris,Im writing to let yo

146、u know that we will have a volleyball match next month. The match will take place in our school gym on the afternoon of July 4th. We will play against the team from HongXing High School. In order to win the match, we should get fully prepared and practice hard. So from tomorrow, we need to train for

147、 two hours after school every day. Please come to the school gym at 6:30 pm from Monday to Friday.Youre an excellent player. With you on the team, we are confident that we can win the game. Lets try hard together!Cheers,Li Hua3. 【2019全国卷III】假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括:1.时间；2.活动安排；3.欢迎他

148、表演节目。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【范文】Dear Allen,How is everything going? Our school will hold a music festival next Sunday morning in the school hall. And Im writing to invite you to join us.The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the schoolmaster will deliver a speech. Then there will b

149、e various fantastic performances played by talented students. You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will add color and fun to our festival.Looking forward to your early reply.Best wishes,Li Hua【解析】首先确定提纲。先介绍写作目的，之后介绍音乐节的时间、活动安排等具体信息，最后欢迎他表演节目。第二，根据提纲，确定关键词语，如：How is everything going?

150、 a music festival，in the school hall，The opening ceremony等。第三，注意选用合适的连接词将各要点串联起来。4. 【2019北京卷】第一节 (15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括:1.交通出行；2.必备衣物。注意:1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，_Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Jim,Im pleased that youre coming to tour in China.I su

151、ggest that you begin from Beijing, and Ill show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities. Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.Looking

152、 forward to your arrival.Yours,Li Hua 【解析】红星中学高三学生李华的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。要求给他回复邮件，内容包括: 1.交通出行； 2.必备衣物。本文时态应采用一般现在时和一般将来时，用第一人称和第二人称来写。文章可以分为三部分来写：首先表达欢迎Jim来中国；然后交代交通出行和必备衣物；最后盼望朋友的到来。注意使用高级词汇和句式，为文章增添色彩；注意使用连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。第二节(20分)52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题社会实践活动。请根据以下

153、四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：西瓜watermelon_【答案】Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”. And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands. When I got home

154、, I packed up my luggage for the trip.On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.【解析】本文属于图画作文，要求根据图画内容写一篇英文周记。假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们

155、班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。要求根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。图画作文内容要点比较清晰，其中包括：老师宣布活动内容和意义，我为活动准备，在农场的劳动过程，介绍活动感受。这样有利于学生写作时发挥与扩展。全文可分成三部分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一般过去时。5. 【2019天津卷】假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师Chris 将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件:（1）你

156、喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；（2）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；（3）希望从中有何收获。注意：（1）词数不少于100：（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。Dear Chris，Im Li Jim，a student at Chenguang High School._Thank you for your time.Yours，Li Jin【写作指导】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需

157、要准确表达。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化。平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果.【范文】Dear Chris，Im Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School. I got the news that your school will send teachers to my school for a week-long summer exchange.

158、During the activity，you will give a lecture on Western art. You want to seek for advice on what topic the lecture will be about. From my personal note，music is my priority.I am interested in all kinds of music，among which Jazz is my favorite. I want to know about the history of jazz，and some famous

159、jazz singers. I would appreciate it if you can add some sessions of enjoying jazz.Thank you for your time.Yours，Li Jin6. 【2019浙江卷】第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括:1.表示感谢；2.回顾Alex对你的帮助；3.临别祝愿。注意:1.词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_ 【写作指导】 这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来.动笔前，一定要认真分析

160、要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能选漏要点，跑题偏题.本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次.特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化.平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果.【范文】 Dear Chris,I am so regretful to know that you are going to return to your home before long. We get along well du

161、ring your stay in China and you offered me lots of help. I would like to express my gratitude to you for your help with my English. While studying in China, you always spent your free time in helping me polish up my oral English. It is you who shared me with rich knowledge of English and English cul

162、ture. Never will I forget you and your kindness. It is my hope that you can remember me as often as possible. Yours,Li Hua第二节 概要写作 (满分25分)67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, Weve gone to

163、 the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afr

164、aid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still, dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care

165、 and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does

166、something that deserves a verbal reward. We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. One thing to remember is that its the process not

167、 the end product that matters.Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she

168、has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it._【思路点拨】 这是一篇概要类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要

169、点比较具体，故需要准确表达。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化，平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果。【范文】 Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too muc

170、h, but they cant do the opposite. It is said that what matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. All in all, parents are supposed to praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make. 7. 【2019江苏卷】请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Li Jiang:Have you heard this？A group of exchange

171、 students from the UK are visiting our school next month.Su Hua:Yes，I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony.Li Jiang:But it seems people have different opinions.Su Hua:What do you think？Li Jiang:I think its a good idea. Its an opportunity to make

172、the Chinese culture better known to international students.Su Hua:I agree. But we dont have to dress that way. Thats not our daily style. Besides，its not very convenient.Li Jiang:You see. Its the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion.Su Hua:I prefer the sch

173、ool uniform. Its nice. Its also a better display of our school culture.【写作内容】1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_【范文】Possible version one:Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving th

174、e British students next month. Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform.I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting. They come to learn about Chinese culture wi

175、th their own eyes. Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive. The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour. Secondly, the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. It is just the so-called inc

176、onvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years.The traditional Chinese clothes, it seems to me, will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.Possible version two:Li Jiang and Su Hua dont agree on

177、 what to wear when greeting the British students Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautif

178、ul and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it. We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. Whats more, the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique culture of our school. From the design and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school

179、. Besides, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.【2018全国I】假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括：(1)

180、.到达时间；(2).合适的礼物；【答案】Dear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Ch

181、inese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish

182、is a smart choice.Hopefully, these suggestions will be helpful for you.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua【解析】本文是一篇书信类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。成文时注意以下几点：一、内容要点要齐全1到达时间；2合适的礼物；3餐桌礼仪。二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将来时；三、人称：二、三人称。四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、适当使用一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅。【2018全国II】你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Gro

183、wing Together，内容包括：(1)短片内容：学校的发展；(2)放映时间、地点；(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】One possible version:Boys and girls,I have good news for you. The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend. It shows us the whole history of

184、 schools development, which is I think the attraction to us. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity! Besides, all your suggestions and comments about this film will be welcome.It will be displayed in the School Fil

185、m Hall, from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, June 9th, Saturday.Thats all. Thank you.The Students UnionJune 8, 2018【解析】英语书面通知的时态应该以一般将来时为主，多使用被动语态、简单句。在通知中不应当过度的使用较复杂的词语和读起来拗口的句子。第二个注意点：层次一定要清晰，一个层次要表达一件事情，使人看起来一目了然。【2018全国III】假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：1. 学校的体育场馆；2. 主要的运动项目；3. 你喜欢的项目。注意：1. 词

186、数100左右：2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Dear Peter, I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give you a rough sketch.To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the n

187、ew landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, Im intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challen

188、ges in my life.All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.Yours, Li Hua【解析】本题作文为提纲式作文，形式依然是书信，即给英国朋友Peter介绍学校体育运动情况，属于学校生活话题。这一话题贴合学生生活的实际，学生并不陌生，有话可说。首先可以介绍学校的体育场馆，场馆的位置，大小，开放时间等等。然后简要介绍学校主要开设的体育项目有哪些，可挑选一到两个做详细介绍，如学生的活动时间，活动形式，以及此类活动的好处等。再次简要分析自己喜欢的体育项目是什么，并简单分析喜

189、欢的原因，自己从中得到的益处等。文章可主要采用一般现在时态，第一人称的方式来写。【2018北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：(1) 表示欢迎；(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：(1). 词数不少于50；(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your la

190、st letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chines

191、e Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance is needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese langua

192、ge environment.I sincerely hope your dream will come true and its my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介绍一下写作背景（Jim对中国文化感兴趣，要来中国学习），表达欢迎。然后推荐一所大学，并简要介绍推荐的原因（如大学

193、的特色，可以学到什么等）。再次简单介绍应该做哪方面的准备，如可以提前学习汉语，读点有关中国传统文化的书，了解中国的习俗，让自己更好地适应中国的生活。文章可采用一般现在时，人称可以使用第二人称。亮点说明：文章中巧妙使用非谓语Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, 使句子结构紧凑。使用定语从句Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture

194、. 使句子表达更完美；巧妙使用连接词while引出来中国前的准备，使句子结构对称。【2018浙江】写作第一节 应用文写作假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：（1） 口语能力：（2） 相关经验；（3） 应聘目的。注意：（1） 词数80左右；（2） 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】One possible version:Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English assoc

195、iation.I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. Whats more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.Im particularly interested in this job because I want to further impr

196、ove my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封申请信。第一步：根据提示可知，学校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应聘信，内容包括：1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词、短语和句子：Im writing to apply for，a good command of Engli

197、sh，communicate with，get along with等。第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，本文时态应以现在时为主，人称为第一人称。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【2018天津卷】书面表达（满分25分）61. 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他普在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少学机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。 （1）比赛的时间、地点；（2）邀请他的原

198、因；（3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics CompetitionDear Chris,I have good news to tell you. _Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Jin【答案】略【解析】本篇书面要求写一封邀请信。写作的时候要注意以下几点：一、动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。内

199、容要点包括：1. 代表兴趣小组发出邀请；2. 介绍比赛的时间、地点等安排；3. 说明邀请他的原因，包括Chris曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖；4. 告诉他训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。二、写作时注意准确运用时态，对于本文来说，以一般将来时为主，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。【2018江苏】书面表达(满分25 分)81. 请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。【写作内容】1. 用约30个词概括上述利用排名（ratings）进行消费的现象；2. 谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据

200、支撑你的看法。【写作要求】1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_【答案】Possible version one:As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different infl

201、uences on different consumers.I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. Firstly, the higher rating means the higher quality of the product, or better service. Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods. Secondly, ratings can

202、save time to make decisions in shopping. For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings i

203、n consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.Possible version two:Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain channels. These ratings, easy to access, are playing an increasing

204、ly important role in customers purchase decision. However, results are sometimes unsatisfactory.There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable. As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or

205、 service concerned. Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state. Apparently, blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment. Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers. It

206、 has become a common practice for some to payfor good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.【解析】今年作文仍然是读写作文，即先用30词概括阅读材料，然后针对材料中的话题写一篇议论文谈看法。首先要认真阅读两段有关消费排名现象及观点的纯文字材料，然后进行比较和分析，表明态度，作出价

207、值判断。文章首段要简要介绍两段材料，第一段材料为一对母子买旅行箱看了网上的评论，结果买回来的旅行箱质量很好。第二段材料为一家人去餐馆吃饭，看了on-line rating，选择去了其中一家，但饭菜很不好吃，从而凸显出online rating的不靠谱。然后写你对online rating的看法，表明观点，注意用2-3个论据来支撑自己的看法。首先在概括要点时，要抓住要点，语言精炼。本文所给材料是描述某种现象，那么就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。第二步是提出自己的观点并加以论证。首先提出自己的观点，之后用论据来证明自己的观点，结尾要总结要点，与自己的观点句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象。1.2

208、017全国卷假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：1. 时间和地点；2. 内容：学习唐诗；3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【解析】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）时间和地点；（2）内容：学习唐诗；（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5.

209、适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。【参考范文】Dear Leslie，I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now Ill tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture

210、 Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wond

211、erful poems.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua2. 2017全国卷假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(papercutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1展览时间、地点；2展览内容。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】 Dear Henry，Im Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know youre interested in one of Chinese traditional art formspapercutting. So

212、 I invite you to attend an exhibition of it. Itll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there tog

213、ether this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like. You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of papercuttings. Maybe you can learn one

214、 or two skills of the cutting.Looking forward to your early reply.Regards, Li Hua32017全国卷假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1球队活动；2报名方式及截止日期。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_ 【解析】由要点可知，邮件是邀请对方报名参加乒乓球队，所以主体时态为一般将来时和一般现在时。人称以第三人称为主(介绍乒乓球运动的好处)，一、二人称为辅。在写作时要注意邀请信的交际性，比如：开篇点明写信目的，最后期待回复。同

215、时还要注意根据提示内容进行合理发挥。【参考范文】Dear Eric，I was informed that our school Pingpong Team is looking for new members among us students. I know you show great fancy in ball games, especially pingpong. As you know, playing pingpong can not only build up your body but also shape your character. Additionally, it c

216、an help you make more friends, which is essentially beneficial to you.Would you like to join? If so, please go to sign up at the Student Union office, which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building. You can go there any time this Saturday afternoon. If you want me to accompany you, please let

217、 me know. I will be available any time.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua4.2017天津卷61. 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。1简要介绍自己的学习和生活；2告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等)；3希望她有机会重访天津。注意： 1.词数不少于100；2可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：第十三届全运会 th

218、e 13th National GamesDear Mrs Green，Im so glad to hear from you. _ _ Yours，Li Jin 【解析】One possible version: Dear Mrs Green,_Im so glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about my study and life. Im very pleased to tell you that I have made great progress in my spoken English since y

219、ou left. As for my life, I take exercise regularly and do more outdoor activities, which builds up my body and character as well. I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. To be a qualified vol

220、unteer, I made some preparations. I interviewed many people from all walks of life, which improved and deepened my understanding of Tianjin. I hope you can revisit Tianjin if you have a chance. Looking forward to seeing you again. Yours，Li Jin5.2017浙江卷6月考第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris写

221、封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1. 参加者；2. 时间、地点；3. 活动：登山、野餐等。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Chris, How are you doing? I am writing to invite you to a tour to the Green Hill this Saturday. As planned, we will leave by bus at 7：00 am at the school gate. About two hours will be spent climbing the mountain.

222、After that we will have a picnic by the lake at the foot of the mountain.Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team. I do hope that you could join us because Green Hill is such a fun place to relax and surely we will have a great time. However, if you dont have spare time for this trip, it

223、 is fine. Its just up to you. Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua6.2017江苏卷81. 请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(boxoffice income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?Su Hua：Whatever. Weve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, J

224、ourney to the WestEach sounds great! Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua: And the hightech！Li Jiang：Perfect！Lets get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.Su Hua：No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home.Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?M

225、other：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. Its convenient with our new and faster network.Son：But it feels good in a cinema.Mother：And the priceWe have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.Son：Only 10 yuan more than last yearMother：But still we cannot get the moneys worth. Some films are just

226、boring【写作内容】1用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；2我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；3谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。【写作要求】1写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3不必写标题。 【参考范文】The boxoffice income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However,

227、 that increase slowed down in 2016.The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the boxoffice income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for t

228、he increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.Chinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an

229、 increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its boxoffice income will probably enjoy a slight increase.7.2017北京卷你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：1. 你建议的线路；2. 你的理由；3. 你的祝愿。注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已

230、给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，_Yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Jim，Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to China.Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese c

231、ivilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many wellknown sightseeing spots. Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.Hope youll have a good time in China.Yours，Li Hua2017北京卷假设你是红星

232、中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video_ 参考词汇和句型：1. In order to leave some impressive memories for all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our appreciation to2. carried out a discussion/various ideas were put forward3. shot

233、 some wonderful videos in the school/interviewed our teachers4. Those who are talented in computer contributed to the making of the video.5. edited the video/added our love to6. The show received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.7. Memories of the past flooded into our minds/firm bond to

234、our school内容要点：1. 讨论分工2. 收集素材3. 编辑制作4. 放映视频One possible version：Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our

235、teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.