2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 课时素养检测十八 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 2（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.doc

1、课时素养检测 十八Unit 4Period 2. 阅读理解AFor the past week, hundreds of firefighters have been battling a wildfire that started on March 26 in the mountains southwest of Denver, Colorado. The fire quickly burned through 4, 140 acres of land an area the size of more than 3, 000 football fields. It killed three

2、people, destroyed at least 25 houses, and forced hundreds of people to evacuate their homes. Investigations have found that the fire was likely caused by a controlled burn started one week earlier by the Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS). A controlled burn is a fire ignited(点燃) by professionals t

3、o clear the ground of built-up fuelsuch as dead wood, thick layers of pine needles, and overcrowded treesthat can cause dangerous wildfires. Hundreds of controlled burns have been safely managed in Colorado forests over the past few months. Fire professionals take many measures to make sure that bur

4、ns can be controlled. Before starting a burn, the professionals look carefully at weather forecasts, how close the fire will be to houses and roads, and other factors. They plan how they will ignite and contain the fire and arrange for resources such as fire trucks and firefighters to be present. CS

5、FS officials say fire crews followed all safety procedures before starting the controlled burn near Denver on March 19. The fire died down four days later. But on March 26, high winds blew embers(余烬) onto unburned land, starting the deadly flame. Unusually warm temperatures and dry conditions helped

6、 it spread. Fire crews now have the flame almost fully contained, and most families have been allowed to return to their homes. Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper has issued a temporary ban on controlled burns on state land and has called for a complete review of the rules for these types of fires.

7、 【语篇概述】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾害, 并分析了起火的原因及灭火情况。1. In the first paragraph, the underlined word “evacuate” can be replaced by “_”. A. buildB. protectC. leaveD. watch【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知美国的科罗拉多州丹佛市西南部的山区发生火灾, 大火导致3人死亡, 至少25处房屋被毁, 几百人被迫离开他们的家园。故evacuate意为“疏散; 离开”。2. According to

8、the passage, CSFS officials may agree that_. A. the weather factor was blamed for the fireB. fire crews carelessness led to the fireC. burning wood in the forest will be bannedD. firefighters should be present when the burn was started【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知山火的原因很可能是大风、高温和干燥。故科罗拉多州林务局的官员认为这次火灾要归咎

9、于天气。3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Hundreds of people were injured in the wildfire. B. The wildfire was an unexpected event. C. No measures were taken to control the burn. D. The wildfire has been completely put out. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句的内容可知此次山火得到了完全遏制, 市民可以返回家园了。4. Where can the artic

10、le probably appear? A. In a TV guide. B. In a newspaper. C. In a science book. D. In a tour booklet. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾害并分析了起火的原因及灭火情况。故文章可能是新闻报道。BScientists think that a weather pattern called El Nino (厄尔尼诺现象) caused the drought in Australia. El Nino causes different wea

11、ther in different parts of the world. It causes a lot of rain and floods in some places. It causes droughts in other places. Droughts can badly affect people and the land. El Nino lasts about a year. In normal weather conditions, warm winds from South America blow from east to west across the Pacifi

12、c Ocean. The winds early take storms to Australia. These storms bring rain to Australia. During an El Nino weather pattern, the winds change direction. They blow from west to east across the Pacific Ocean. The storms no longer move across Australia. So Australia gets very little rain during El Nino.

13、 The drought began in January, 1982. El Nino often occurs at this time of year. But that year, El Nino was stronger than usual. There was very little rainfall in eastern Australia. There was also very little water in the rivers. The drought was at its worst in February, 1983. At that time, the weath

14、er was very hot. The forests and fields were very dry. Cotton growers couldnt plant their cotton. Sheep farmers had no grass for their animals to eat. So many of them died. Because the forests were dry, forest fires started quickly. Some of the fires burned for a month. Many forests were destroyed.

15、Over 2, 000 people lost their houses in the fires and 75 people died. The Australian drought of 19821983 affected thousands of people and animals. The drought cost the country over $3, 000, 000, 000. It was a reminder (提示) to Australians of how the weather could change their lives. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇报道。文章讲

16、的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱自然灾害。5. From the passage we know El Nino is _. A. a weather typeB. a powerful stormC. a place in Australia D. a kind of warm wind【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知El Nino是一种天气现象。6. Which direction does the wind come from in Australias El Nino weather pattern? A. From east. B. From

17、west. C. From south. D. From north. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知在澳大利亚的厄尔尼诺天气下, 风是从西向东吹的。7. How long did the drought in Australia last? A. About 3 months. B. Less than half a year. C. More than one year. D. More than two years. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“The drought began in January, 1982. ”和第六句“The drough

18、t was at its worst in February, 1983. ”可知这次干旱至少持续了一年零一个月。再结合第一段最后一句可知厄尔尼诺现象一般会持续一年左右。8. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. A drought happened in South America. B. Australia got much rain during El Nino. C. El Nino changed the Australians life. D. El Nino caused a great drought in Australia. 【解析】

19、选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一句和最后两段的内容可知本文主要讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱。. 完形填空It was a cold, wet day on June 6, when 14-year-old Wasana arrived at school. Waiting outside his classroom for his classmates to arrive, Wasana stared aimlessly 1 the pouring rain. Then his 2 fell upon the hill that stand at the back

20、 of the classroom. He 3 huge amounts of rainwater flowing down the hill, and water was also bubbling(冒泡) at the base of a large rock on the hill. For a few 4, Wasana looked at the water, wondering why it looked 5 familiar. Then it 6 himthe scene was surprisingly 7 to the pictures he was shown during

21、 Disaster Management classes. 8 a disaster was about to happen, Wasana waved 9 at students, shouting “Run, run, dont stay here! The rocks on the hill are going to 10 on us! ”All the students and teachers ran to the open area that had been 11 as an emergency gathering point. 12, they heard screams as

22、 the huge rock rolled down the hill, bringing sand, rock and mud. There was 13 they could do but watch the earth bury an entire school. Thanks to Wasanas quick action and careful observation, 14 was hurt in the incident. Wasana later 15 a Gold Star from the Foundation for Civilian Bravery, Sri Lanka

23、. 【语篇概述】Wasana看到山上的雨水聚集的奇怪景象, 从而联想到在灾难管理课程上学到的知识, 预知一场山体滑坡即将发生, 并及时向同学和老师发出警告, 让大家撤离到安全地带。1. A. atB. onC. toD. in【解析】选A。stare at 盯着看。2. A. thoughtsB. eyesC. wordsD. voices【解析】选B。ones eyes fell on/upon something目光落在之上。句意: 然后, 他的目光落在了教室后面的那座山上。 3. A. thought B. looked C. noticed D. heard【解析】选C。根据句意“他注

24、意到有大量的雨水从山上流下来, 而且山上的一块大石头的底部也不断地有雨水咕嘟地冒出来。”可知选C, notice注意到。4. A. times B. minutes C. hours D. periods【解析】选B。此处表示, 有几分钟, Wasana 盯着(山上的)那些水, 好奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此熟悉。5. A. so B. such C. too D. like【解析】选A。根据句意得知, Wasana好奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此(so)熟悉, 强调以前好像看过。6. A. hit B. drove C. pushed D. stopped【解析】选A。it hit sb. 某

25、人忽然想起某事, 固定用法。然后他突然想起这个场景与他在Disaster Management 课程上所看到的图片是很相似的。7. A. strange B. rare C. terrible D. similar【解析】选D。根据上下文可知, 这个场景与他在灾害管理课程上所看到的图片是很相似的。8. A. Rejecting B. Fearing C. Scaring D. Avoiding【解析】选B。看到这个场景之后, Wasana应该是害怕(山体滑坡)灾难可能会发生, 所以他疯狂地挥舞着手臂, 警告其他人, 快跑! 快跑! 不要待在这里! 山上的石头就要滚落下来, 会砸到我们的! 故选

26、Fearing, 作伴随状语。9. A. angrilyB. sadly C. excitedly D. wildly【解析】选D。千钧一发之际, Wasana当然是疯狂地(wildly)挥舞着手臂。10. A. beat B. moveC. fall D. dive【解析】选C。这句话的主语是“The rocks on the hill”, 所以表达的是山上的石头很可能会滚落下来。11. A. put away B. set asideC. brought forth D. taken apart【解析】选B。根据句意“所有的学生和老师(立即)跑到外面的一个空旷地区, 这个地方是早就“留出”

27、作应急之用的聚集场所。”可知, 用 set aside“(为以后的某种用途)留出”。put away收起, 将放回原处; bring forth生, 引起; take apart拆卸, 拆开。12. A. Just then B. In short C. In good time D. As a result【解析】选A。句意: 就在所有同学和老师都跑到安全地带的“那一刻”, 他们听到巨石裹挟着沙子、石头和泥浆从山顶呼啸而下(山体滑玻的场景)。强调正在那时。13. A. somethingB. muchC. anythingD. nothing【解析】选D。当他们看着整个校区被尘土淹没时, 他

28、们都无能为力(什么事情都不能做)。14. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody【解析】选D。根据上文老师和学生都跑出来了, 所以断定没有人在事故中受伤。15. A. received B. accepted C. bought D. honored【解析】选A。根据句意可知, Wasana获得了斯里兰卡的见义勇为基金会颁发的金星奖。D选项需要用被动形式, 故排除。【技法导练】通览全文, 了解大意完形填空题型主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力, 在解答试题之前应快速阅读全文, 抓住文章的主题, 搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般

29、说来, 通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题, 且是没留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往总结、概括全文)。另外, 在浏览全文的时候, 要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件, 即who, when, where, what。比如上面的这篇完形填空, 最后一段“Thanks to Wasanas quick action and careful observation, _was hurt in the incident. Wasana later _a Gold Star from the Foundation for Civilian Bravery, Sri Lanka. ”就是文章的中心所在。14题可以推断出是无人受伤, 15题进而得知他被授予了奖项。这些都和文章中心紧密关联。