【寒假特训】02 中考首字母填空专题 题型套餐练-2022年九年级英语寒假特训课程（上海专用）.docx

1、02 中考首字母填空专题+题型套餐练 【课程目标】专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。 中考首字母填空解题技巧 首字母填空题因其极佳的信度和效度而广泛出现在各种英语考题中，成为拉开分差、提高区分度的最有效试题之一。许多学生经过长期训练仍不得要领，因此产生畏惧感。试试下面的训练方法，你会豁然开朗。现结合上海市中考英语试卷的首字母填空试题，来探讨该类题目的答题技巧：一、利用句子成分判断词性掌握七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。（1） 对主语的判断1.

2、 H_ is more important to me than money.(healthy)2. E_ knows that exercise is important.(every)3. Some famous s_ are going to give a concert in our city this weekend.(sing).4. P_ wild animals is everyones duty. (protect)5. K_ pets is my favorite hobby.(keep)Key: 1. Health; 2. Everyone; 3. singers 4.

3、Protecting 5. Keeping 分析 以上练习中，填入词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1、2题)；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（3-5题）。此外，形容词前加或从句也可做主语。（2） 对谓语的判断分析 谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个句子同时出现两个或两个以上的动词时，我们可通过他们的相互关系来判断动词的形式。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。1.That was the day I p my driving test.2. Then, the tester b_ asking me qu

4、estions about driving.3. The correct way to cross the road is to walk quickly when the trafficlights t green.4. when he was a little older, Billys mother g him some pencils and a drawing book.Key: 1.passed; 2. began; 3. turn 4. gave（3） 对宾语的判断分析 宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语于介词宾语两种。宾语的词性与主语的词性一样，但是代词做宾语时必须用宾格。1. T

5、wo friends were walking through a desert. During the j_they had a quarrel. 2. But when someone does s_ good for us, we must write it on the stone where wind can hardly erase it.”(some)3. Learn to write your hurts in the sand and to write your _on the stone.(thank)4. Thank you for your _.(kind)5. An

6、American housewife keeps two monkeys as pets. She has had_ for many years.(they)Key: 1.journey; 2. something 3. thanks 4. kindness 5.them（4） 对表语的判断分析 表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词、名词、介词短语，动词必须改成to do、 doing 、done的形式。 1. The panda is very _.(love)2. But after taking the medicine, the sick man is getting _.(i

7、ll)3. The panda is an _animal in China.(usual)4. The doctor came as soon as . (possible)5. Im sorry Im late because my bike is _ .(break)6. My d_ is to be a popular singer when I grow up.(be)7. Millies favorite hobby is _.(paint)Key: 1.lovely; 2. worse; 3. unusual; 4. possible; 5.broken; 6 dream; 7

8、painting（5） 对定语的判断分析 定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词、序数词、介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名词的性能或用途。如：bookshop/ history teacher.动词必须变形为to do、 doing 、done的形式。1. I am a p_ man , too. I have no money for you.2. “Well, then my dear friend, youve lost your w life.”3. Most people like _ fast food. (America)4. When you were a baby, i

9、n your _ hours your mother always holds you in her arms.(wake)5. The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit China. I love this country (one)Key: 1.poor; 2. whole; 3. American; 4. waking; 5. first（6） 对状语的判断 分析 状语说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为to do、 doing 、done的形式。1.

10、They often go to farmers houses to eat their food and then walk to their mountain. (slow)2. Watch _, and you will find out the differences between the two pictures.(care)3. It was rainy. Several times he _ fell off the ladder.(near)Key: 1.slowly; 2. carefully; 3. nearly;（7） 对连词的判断分析 在英语中，并列连词and, bu

11、t, or, so, not only but also, eitheror, neithernor,as well as, bothand等都是连接并列的词、词组；从属连词连接主句与从句。1. The pandas face looks like a cats, but its fat body short tails look like a bears. S_ people call this animal “bearcat”.2. He could not get out b he hurt his leg.3. Exercising is not only good for our b

12、ody, b_ also good for our mind.4. Ill be free this weekend. So you can come e_ on Saturday or on Sunday.Key: 1.So ; 2. because; 3. but; 4.either二、掌握词性转化技巧在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系后。多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”， 提高对句子成分的判断能力，并熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是成功通向首字母的第二步。三、培养发散思维能力有意识地在平时教学中培养学生的发散思维能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。Exercises: Guessing t

13、he missing word1. _ are helpful to students.2. _ are helpful to students. They give us energy.3. _ are helpful to students. They keep us healthy.4. _ are helpful to students. They make us study better. 分析 观察一下你会发现，这几题的答案并不是唯一的，只要合乎逻辑皆可。第一题可以是teachers, doctors, exercises, books等等，一切有益于学生的复数名词都可作为正确答案

14、。第二题受energy的限制，答案要少一些，可以是 all kinds of food. 第三题的限制词是healthy，因此exercises , good habits 等。第四题的限制是make us study better. 一些好的books, study ways 等都可以。以上练习说明解首字母填空题需要如下技能：1.对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断,然后选择正确的词性,即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系. 2. 必须训练自己扩散性思维能力,如同猜谜,因为词义的确定依靠对句中限制信息的判断得出. 3.良好的语法基本功.在确定好词性与词义后,单复数时态的确定建立在良好的语法基

15、本功之上.四、提高综合运用能力要正确解答首字母填空题,还须对词性、词义、词形精确判断，这就需提高语言的综合运用能力。如：The most important drink is waterNot many people understand this but it is quite truePeople can l for a long time without food，but they will die if two or three days w waterIn h weather，many people do not drink e water，because they dont kno

16、w how much water they n After taking exercise，people need more w The water in the mans body is m more than other matters(物质)Wed b have enough water，or we may get i11 Water is necessary to all the living things“There will be no l , if there is no water”So we must save water and dont w water分析 通读全文，得知

17、全文主要介绍水的重要性，并告诉人们要节约水资源。第一空根据词性判断可知此处缺少谓语，且从后半句中的die推断填入live，第二空缺少表时间的状语，并联系上句，轻易得出填入without，第三、四空缺少定语，分别为形容词hot 和enough. 第五空需填入谓语动词need, 第六空是名词做宾语water,第七空是比较级前的程度副词much, 第八空为动词词组had better,第九空为表语,根据句意可知是名词life,最后一空为动词,为save的反义词waste.短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适

18、得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。 u 通读全文，了解大意 短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。 u 再读全文，理清脉络 通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。 u 仔细推敲，确保准确 词义

19、判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑使用什么时态和语态。 注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought易误答成buy；lights易误答成light；reaches易误答成reach; heavier易误答成heavy等。 因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确。 u 复读全文，全面检查 答题完毕后复读全文

20、，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。 课堂典例例题分析1：（2013年上海中考题）At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far

21、 greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c_ (1)all that.New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m_(2) and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With

22、that, you may then start your own film-making. However, film-making is t_(3) work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p_ (4)of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members.

23、 You dont even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. B_ (5), you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e_ (6). Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not

24、, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s_ (7) film.Are you going to be a cameraman yourself? When filming, who is going to take care of the lighting? Who is going to make the furniture, the background and things like that? If you cant do all th

25、ese things, you need to think about asking other people to help you. Remember: Film-making is not a one-man business. (1) 初步确定为has的宾语或过去分词，However为解题关键词，其前面讲过去拍电影因器具等昂贵的原因常人无法承担，其后说技术的发展使情况有所不同，即为“改变”，其过去分词为changed.(2) 初步确定为cost的状语或宾语, 第一段讲过去拍电影费用高，第二段讲现在情况变了，费用不高即为not cost much.(3) 初步确定填to 或一个作work

26、的定语的词。从后文所知拍电影需要多人合作，即为team work.(4) 可以断定为名词。谈到拍电影，第一个想到的人是男女演员及其演技，即为performance.(5) 可以断定为副词。上文讲到演员，下文谈及故事，所以上下文之间是递进的关系，即为Besides，表“而且”。(6) 初步确定为被story修饰的名词或修饰create的副词。从句子的语义来看，有好的想象力，编出来的故事就容易吸引人，所以填easily.(7) 可以断定为修饰film的定语。从语义来看，精彩的故事是一部好电影的关键，近义即为successful. 例题分析2：We love to be fashionable. S

27、o we buy clothes from time to time to make us look p_ （1）or cooler. But a problem appears: how to deal with those old clothes? Dont just t_ （2）them out. You can do something different! Donate your old clothes to charities. Some organizations collect old clothes for those who n_ （3）them in local area

28、s or send them to foreign countries. Keep them. Fashion is a thing that goes around in cycles. So an out-of-date coat may be the h_ （4）thing on the market next year. Do it yourself. Its not too hard. But you have to think it over b_ （5）you do. Its easy to find some tips online. If you are good at fa

29、shion designing, you could even sell your creation to m_ （6）some money. Recycle them. Some clothes like those made of denim (牛仔布) can be recycled. Denim can be used a_ （7）, for example, to build houses for people who are made homeless by natural disasters. Keep clothes out of landfills (垃圾填埋场)! You

30、can do it!1. 初步判定为副词或形容词，or 为并列连词，前后为并列关系，其后为形容词比较级，其前应该也是形容词比较级，根据句义应为prettier.2. 前句说“如何处理呢？”常规方法是扔掉，本句说“不要。”，后句说可以别的方式来处理，且后文提出了四种处理方式，可以断定本空词义为throw，根据dont do sth.的用法要求，不做词形变化，填throw即可，just为副词，起强调作用。3. 根据语法规则填一个动词，根据句义，有些组织收集旧衣给那些需要的人，可以断定本空词义为need. who前面为复数形式those,而且不指过去或将来，所以本空词形为原形need.4. 可以断定

31、为thing的定语，根据句义，过时的衣服款式以后可能会再流行起来，甚至是最抢手的，所以本空填hottest.5. 根据本句结构，本空填连词，根据句义，三思而后行，其后又说上网找建议，所以可以断定为before.6. 根据常理，卖东西赚钱，根据语法结构to do sth.表示目的可以断定为make.7. 本空不填任何单词时Denim can be used 也是一个正确的句子，说明要填一个起修饰作用的词形容词或副词，本段开头recycle意为“回收、再利用”，可以断定本空为again. 实战演练小菜一碟1Now students English handwriting (书法)gets wors

32、e and worse. That makes their teachers feel w_86_. Is your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four steps that really work!Use paper with linesUsing paper with lines can keep you writing straight instead of up or down when you write English words or sentences. Those lines on the paper ca

33、n help you to write words in the r_87_ size. Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure those capital letters (大写字母) are written properly.Slow down If your writing is hard to read, try slowing down a little. For some kids, going slower makes the handwriting clear. If you write too fas

34、t, its hard for you to stop where you should, and even w_88_, you may make more mistakes.Hold your pencil rightWhen you hold your pencil in a correct way, writing is much easier. Some kids press down really hard when they write. That makes the handwriting not nice. Try to be relaxed and dont hold th

35、e pencil so hard. Let your writing appear nice and clean. If you do so, people will guess you are a student with a good h_89_.Draw more picturesDrawing can improve your handwriting. You need to use the skills to c_ 90_ your pencil better when you are drawing pictures. Even though you have no chance

36、to draw at school, you can practice by y_91_ at home.Handwriting is very important. Imagine you are a world-famous movie star or a well-known sports player, what do you do when your f_92_ run up to you? Give them your autographs(亲笔签名), of course.答案：worried 87. right 88. worse 89. habit 90. control 9

37、1. yourself 92. fans 小菜一碟2Are you eager to be a person who has a good memory? People who enjoy their wonderful memory often do well in their studies and work. These people only have to spend a few m_86_ on a page and will keep what they read in mind. Here are some things you can do to improve your m

38、emory. Try these:Be more observant(善于观察的). Some people who said to have a bad memory dont r_87_ have memory problems. They just dont take time to notice the details. If you pay more attention to the details. youre sure to have a much clearer memory of events. A little exercise that you could do is t

39、o p_88_ memorizing lists of things, such as the things you are going to buy in a supermarket, or even the ingredients(原料)printed on your biscuit box.Do more activities such as puzzles, word g_89_, and learn a new language. These activities will further improve your brain functions and will help you

40、improve your memory.Try to have more free time. When you are t_90_, probably you are to have a weaker focus. Find ways to get rid of stress, so your brain will be clearer and ready to have new i_91_.Get enough sleeping hours. You need at least seven hours of sleep every night. Give your brain cells

41、a chance to r_92_ the damage done by a days tiring work. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables and grains. Do your best to be healthy, and these foods help you improve your memory.答案：86. minutes 87. really 88. practice/practice 89. games 90. tired91. ideas/ information 92. repair / reduce 小菜一碟3A television

42、 news story has led to the reunion twin sisters who were separated at birth 28 years ago. Nina Rosario and Alicia Torres were born in 1980 in Mendoza, Argentina(阿根廷). Their mother, an unmarried 21-year-old, was unable to take care of the twins and l_86_ them at an orphanage(孤儿院).The two girls were a

43、dopted by different families. They both are the only child in the new family and grew up not knowing that she had a twin sister. However, they both had a feeling that something was missing. Nina says, “I felt l_87_ growing up but I didnt know why.”While Nina was doing some housework last week, somet

44、hing on a local news programme caught her eye. It was Alicia being interviewed by a reporter. “I couldnt believe it. It was like looking at a mirror.” Nina couldnt wait any longer. She contacted(联系)the TV station i_88_, and asked the reporter about the mystery woman. “I found out that the woman was

45、Alicia Torres, an artist from Buenos Aires. I got her contact details from the reporter and sent her an e-mail w_89_ some photos of myself.”After receiving the e-mail, Alicia called Nina and a_90_ a meeting. The reunion took place at Cordoba Airport. “It was an incredible feeling to see my twin sist

46、er walking towards me. We hugged and cried from joy,” recalls Alicia.The twins were amazed that they shared so many life e_91_: both had studied art at a university and married young. In addition, they have the same sense of humour; in fact, they both like the same favourite film the comedy, Wedding

47、 Crashers.Even though the sisters were happy to find that they have a lot in common, they were also relieved(放松的) not to be “exact c_92_.” Nina explains, “We look alike and have similar interests, yet we each have our own style. Alicia is more fashionable that me, more outgoing and sociable.”答案：86.

48、left 87. lonely 88 immediately 89. with 90. arranged 91. experiences 92. copies 小菜一碟4Pet owners taking small bites from their pets bowls, out of curiosity, is c 1 understandable. But eating dog food for a living? That is pretty hard to digest(消化)!However, professional dog food taster is a r 2 job, a

49、nd it pays quite well. An entry level p 3 would pay about $30,000 a year. When you b 4 an “experienced professional,” your salary could be up to $75,000.So what exactly does the job i 5 ? As the name suggests, it pretty much involves tasting dog food to make s 6 it meets the quality standards. Taste

50、rs regularly open sample tins of each freshly made batch(一批)of dog food, and then smell it and eat it. Professional tasters are t 7 to identify(鉴别)flavors that dogs tend to enjoy or reject.Most tasters say they enjoy the job. They even find it rewarding because it helps pets become happier and healt

51、hier.KEY: pletely, 2.real, 3. position, 4.become, 5.involve, 6.sure, 7.trained 小菜一碟5In many big cities in the world, the overuse of cars is thought to be one of the major causes of pollution. What will cars be like in the future?Some experts think that t_ (1) cars are in trouble because they use too

52、 much petrol (汽油). They say the car of the future will be much, much smaller. The car of tomorrow will be made w_ (2) a motor or air-conditioner. Itll have no radio and no lights. Tomorrows car will be an open air car with no doors or windows. It neednt have a pollution control s_ (3) because it won

53、t use petrol. In fact, this new car will be p_ (4) by the drivers feet. Very few people will be killed in accidents, because the top speed will be five miles per hour. However, we are also warned not to ask for pretty colors because the cars will come in grey only.Other car experts do not hold the s

54、ame idea. They are sure that the future will be happier. They think that all our problems will s_ (5) be solved by car companies with the production of the supercar. Tomorrows car will be bigger, faster, and more c_ (6) than before. The supercar will have four rooms, TVs, running water, heat, air conditioning, and m_ (7) a swimming pool. Large families will travel on long trips comfortably. If petrol is in short supply, the supercar will run with water.答案：1. todays. 2.without. 3.system. 4.pushed. 5.soon. fortable. 7.maybe