高考英语语法专项训练：第5讲-动词及动词短语.ppt

1、动词及动词短语分析考点动词、形容词以及它们的短语是高考中的热点，其中以动词和动词短语为最多。这些虽属语法范畴，但又似乎没有多少规律可循。关键是平时应该多多积累，灵活运用，把短语放到句子当中去理解它们的意思，注意比较记忆，联系记忆，归纳记忆的各种方法，解题的时候要重视对语境的理解。只有扎扎实实的学，才能做到各个击破。1(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Mary，I _John of his promise to help you.AtoldBremindedCwarned Dadvised解析：考查动词短语搭配。remind sb.of warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事；advise sb.

2、of sth.“通知/(正式)告知某人某事”答案：B2(2011年高考山东卷)They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.Aput off Bspeed upCturn on Dwork out解析：put off推迟，推延；speed up加快速度；turn on打开，接通；取决于；work out算出；弄懂；speed up“加快速度”。答案：B3(2011年高考天津卷)I _a bank account after I made$1,000 by doing a parttime job during the summe

3、r vacation.Aborrowed BopenedCentered Dordered解析：句意：我在暑假做兼职工作挣了1 000美元之后在银行开了个账户。答案：B动词基本分类动词高考高频动词用法动词及动词短语高考考点动词词组及固定搭配动词及动词短语失分点透析今日菜单动词的分类根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：1.行为动词（实义动词）及物动词（带宾语）：study,develop不及物动词（不带宾语）work,swim,go,come状态动词（相对静止）contain,exist,own,prefer,belong动作动词延续性（work,stay）；非延续性（marry,go,co

4、me）动词基本分类2.系动词表示人或事物的特征和状态：be,feel,look,seem,taste,appear,sound表示状态的变化：turn,go,become,get,fall,grow表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain,keep,stay3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall,should4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)1.可接双宾语的常用动词（1）双宾语易位时需要借助介词to的常用动词award(授予)

5、,bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借)，mail(邮寄)，offer(提供)，owe(欠)，pass(递)，pay(付钱)，post(寄)，read(读)，return(归还)，send(送)，sell（卖），show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，throw(扔)，write(写)He brought me a good magazine.=He brought a good magazine to me.他给我带了一本好杂志。动词高考高频动词用法 （2）双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book(预订),buy(购买)，choose(选择)，cook(煮)，

6、draw（画），fetch(去取)，find(找到)，fix(安装)，get(取得，带来)，make(做)，order(订购)，prepare(准备)，save(节省)，sing(唱)，spare(留出)My father bought me a new bicycle.=My father bought a new bicycle for me.爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。2.可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的常用动词accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn（警告）This photo

7、 reminds me of my school days.这张照片让我想起了在学校的时光。1、系动词的比较；2、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持续性；3、意思相同或相近的动词比较；4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较；5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。动词及动词短语高考考点1、系动词的用法比较考题点击：1)Happy birthday,Alice!So you have _ twentyone already!（04天津）A becomeB turned C grownD passedBbecome 强调变化过后的持续性；turn 表示从某种状态向其对应状态转化的自然现象，其后接名词不用冠词

8、；go 往往表示情况变坏或恶化；fall 表示一下子进入一种状态 fall asleep/ill/silent；come 表示向好的方面转化；get 强调造成事件的施动者发挥的作用或变化的结果；2、及物动词和不及物动词考题点击Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will fresh for several days.（03全国卷）Abe stayed Bstay Cbe staying Dhave stayedB该句中的 stay 是系动词。表示状态的系动词，一般不用进行时。英语中有许多动词都有多重词性，如：sell，用作“销售”用时是及物动词

9、，用作“销路”用时为不及物动词；feel，用作“摸索”解时为及物动词，用作“摸上去怎么样”解时为系动词。所以复习中需要注意动词的词性变化。3、意思相同或相近的动词的比较考题点击1.Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday.Have you got it?Oh,really!I havent _ my mailbox yet.（05天津）A.examined B.reviewed C.tested D.checkedD2.In our childhood,we were often _ by Grandma to pay attentio

10、n to our table manners.(05江苏卷)A.demanded B.reminded C.allowed D.hoped B有时还需考虑到固定搭配，如：He is such a man who is always _ fault with other people.（05安徽卷）A.putting B.seeking C.finding D.looking forC该题中“find fault with sb.”为固定短语，意为“抱怨别人、挑剔”。在做动词题时，需要读懂句子的意思，分析句子结构，善于发现习惯用语和固定短语。4.动词短语的用法比较 考题点击1、The Inter

11、net has brought _ big changes in the way we work.（05北京春季）A.about B.out C.back D.up 考点是同一动词与不同的介词和副词的搭配A5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较考题点击：1、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.（05浙江卷）Abringing upBreferring to Clooking for Dtrying on只需要正确理解句意就不难发现答案。B2、What shall we

12、use for power when all the oil in the world has _?（05山东卷）A.given out B.put out C.held up D.used upA第二题的干扰项是D，但 use up 需用被动。give out 表示“用尽了”，相当于 run out。动词词组及固定搭配试试身手！请圈出正确的表达，以使句子完整 1.As the popular saying says/tells/goes,“Laugh and the whole world laugh with you.Cry and you cry alone.”2.“Goodbye,th

13、en,”she said,without even looking away/looking up/looking at from her book.3.Why dont you just care/mind/consider your own business and leave me alone?4.he computer system broke out/broke up/broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.动词词组构成分类动词介词/副词短 语例 句ask for请求The

14、boy asked for more food.care for喜欢；照料He doesnt care for playing e across偶然碰到I came across an old friend in the street.call up打电话I shall call her up soon.call for叫(人)He will call for you in the evening.call on号召The Party called on us to study hard.give up放弃Never give up hope.get over克服，渡过Youll soon g

15、et over your shyness.get on进展He is getting on well with the work.get in收进The peasants got in the wheat in May.go through通过；细察She went through the book before buying it.go over复习，看一遍She went over the lessons for three times.go without放弃，没有也行He had to go without food.head for 朝去The ship is heading for

16、 the nearest port.look up查寻；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look through翻阅；浏览The boy looked through the picture book.put up挂起She put up a picture on the wall.put off推迟The match is put off owing to the rain.run over辗过去The bus ran over his legs.result from由引起His illness results from o

17、vereating.result in导致Overeating results in his illness.set about着手干They set about the work at once.set out出发They set out at dawn.see to保证See to it that the work is done well.send for派人请We have sent for the doctor.stand for代表What does“U.S.”stand for？turn to翻到，转向Please turn to page 10.take off脱去She as

18、ked him to take off the coat.turn out结果是The day turned out fine.turn up出现He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.过去分词介词(这类短语常同连系动词连用)短 语例 句be absorbed in全神贯注于He is absorbed in reading.be dressed in穿着She is dressed in red.be engaged to与订婚Mary is engaged to John.be joined to连接，结合One pipe is joined to ano

19、ther.be made up of由构成A car is made up of many different parts.be prepared for准备好They are prepared for the journey.be tired of(with)对厌烦He is tired of this kind of life.动词副词介词短 语例 句add up to总计为The income adds up to 1,000 dollars.break away from改掉，与脱离关系He has broken away from the bad habit.catch up wit

20、h赶上I can catch up with them.get down to开始认真做Lets get down to business.get on(along)with进展，相处He got on well with people here.go in for参加，爱好He has gone in for the longjump.go ahead with进行，继续下去He went ahead with the work and got it done.keep away from与脱离关系，改掉You should keep away from those bad children

21、.keep up with跟上She cant keep up with others.live up to不辜负We shall live up to his teachings.look out for提防，照看Look out for cars when crossing the street.look back upon回顾He likes to look back upon his school days.look down upon轻视，不重视Dont look down upon him.look forward to盼望He looks forward to seeing he

22、r.put up with忍受，容忍I just cant put up with that kind of man.run out of用完I have run out of ink.watch out for当心，提防Watch out for thieves in the street.动词介词名词短 语例 句come into use开始使用，实施The new tool came into use two years e into power当权，执政The king came into power last e into effect开始生效The new rule will co

23、me into effect e into being产生，建立The custom came into being long long ago.put sth.to use使用，利用You should put the dictionary to a good use.动词是历年高考试题中动词所占比例最大，设题时往往给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择和完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面 1.常用动词的用法；2.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法：(break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,g

24、et,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn,keep等)动词词组及常见固定搭配5.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法1.break break away 摆脱；逃跑 break down （机器）出故障；中断；分解 break into 闯入；打断；突然中断 break off 中断；折断；突然停止 break out 突然发生；爆发 break through 突破；克服；挣脱而出 break up 打碎；中断；分解 break in 破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴2.bring bring about 引起；造成 bring down 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折 br

25、ing forward 提出；提前(=put forward)bring out 显示出来；出版；生产 bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出 bring back 把送回；使想起；恢复 bring in 引进，赚得3.call call for 需要；要求；邀请 call off 取消；停止 call on 拜访(某人)；看望；号召 call up 打电话；使人想起；召集 call at 访问(某地)call in 请来；召集 call back 回电话；召回e come across 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚 come along 进展；成功；一道走 come into effect 生效 c

26、ome on 快点；走吧；有进展 come out 出来；结果是出版come through 经历；获得成功come to 苏醒；达到；总数为come up against 碰到（困难）come up with 赶上；提出come back 回来；反驳come true 变为现实come about 发生5.cut cut across 绕道穿过；超越；遮住 cut back 削减；终止；急忙返回 cut down 削减；减少 cut in 插嘴；打断；突然出来 cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 cut out 删掉；戒掉 cut short 中断；打断；缩短6.give give away

27、赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去 give out 分发；公布；公开；用完耗尽(vi)give off 发出；放出 give up 放弃 give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交7.go go down 下降；下沉；下跌 go for 去；选择；想要；go in for 从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等）go into 研究；调查，从事 go off 离开；爆炸；断电；熄灭；go on 继续进行；发生；go out 离开；熄灭；过时 go over 浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查 go through 通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查 go up 上升；增长；涨价 go along 进展；陪同前往 g

28、o by 时间过去；经过；遵守8.get get through 浏览；翻阅；经历困难(痛苦)；做完 get in 收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；get over 克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；get on 继续；进行；上车 get round 传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开 get about 四处走动；传开 get across 传达；使让人理解 get along/on(with)进展；相处 get down 记下；下来；下车；使人忧愁 get down to 开始认真干 get back 恢复；回来；收回9.hold hold back 阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决

29、hold up 举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；举出，提出 hold out 维持；坚持；伸出；拿出 hold off 拖延；延迟 hold on10.look look after 照顾；关心 look out 看；当心；look back 回头看；回顾 look down on/upon 轻视；看不起 look for 寻找；寻求；look forward to 盼望；期待 look in 顺便看望；顺便拜访 look into 调查，深入了解 look on 观看；旁观 look over 翻阅；浏览 look through 浏览；详细调查 look up 查阅；查出11.mak

30、e make for 向前进，快速走向 make out 理解，领悟；辨认出，写出 make up 组成，占比例；弥补，补偿；捏造 make up for 弥补，补偿 make up of 由组成；包含有(常用被动)make it12.put put aside 放在一边；储存；保留 put away 放好；收好 put down 写下；记下；镇压 put forward 提出；推荐；把提前 put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求 put in for 申请；正式要求 put off 延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍 put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重)put out 熄灭；关灯；生产

31、出，出版 put up 举起；修建；提供 put up with 忍受；容忍 put through (把电话)接通；做完；使经受的考验13.set set about 开始做，着手(doing)set apart 使分离；使显得突出 set aside 留出；拨出 set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费 set down 记下，写下 set off 动身出发；引起；使爆炸 set out 动身出发；引起；着手做(to do)set up 建立；创立；引起14.take take after 与相似 take apart 拆卸（机器）take away 拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等）take do

32、wn 记下来；拆掉 take for （错）当作；（误）认为 take in 吸收；摄取；领会；欺骗 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；成功 take ones time 不要着急，慢慢地做 take over 接收，接管，取代 take up 占据，占（时间、空间）从事15.turnturn down 关小，调低，拒绝turn off 关上/掉；turn out 结果是；原来是；证明是turn over （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑turn to 求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到turn up 开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面16.keep keep away(f

33、rom)使远离 keep back 扣除，保留；隐瞒 keep off 避开；不接近 keep on 继续 keep out 挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up 保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with 跟上一、近义动词易错点I will ask for leave to call on you tomorrow if you can me the time.A.share B.save C.spend D.spare【解题探究】D。share分享；save节省；spend花费；spare匀出，抽出。句意为：如果你能够抽出时间的话，明天我请假去拜访你。故正确答案为D。动词及

34、动词短语失分点透析动词同义词辨析题解题技巧从四个方面考虑：词义；搭配(与介词或名词搭配)；用法；词性(及物动词还是不及物动词)常见近义动词辨析 1.win,defeat,beat和gain；2.fit,suit和match；3.cost,spend,take和pay；4.hurt,wound,injure和harm；。【例1】God is believed,in terms of religion,to have _ the universe out of darkness and chaos.A.created B.invented C.discovered D.produced解题关键 解

35、此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的确切词义。根据题意“根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创造。造出了宇宙。”可知答案为A。A【例2】He has been _ of murdering his wife.A.charged B.blamed C.accused D.arrested解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与介词的搭配。charge“控告，指控”，常与介词with搭配：charge sb.with sth；blame sb.for sth.“因某事而责备某人”。；accuse sb.of sth；arrest sb.for sth.“因某事而逮捕某人”。答案为C，c热点二：几组

36、常错常考动词hang hanged hanged(绞死)hang hung hung(悬挂)lay laid laid(放置)lie lied lied(说慌)lie lay lain(平卧)find found found(发现)found founded founded(建立)fall fell fallen(跌倒)fail failed failed（失败）实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词：enter(误为enter into)marry(误为marry with)reach(误为reach to)mention(误为mention about)serve(误为serve for)app

37、roach(误为approach with)fit(误为fit for)benefit(误为benefit to)主动形式表示被动含义型此类常见的动词或短语有：read,sell wash,write,open,draw,wear,happen,take place,break out,last,go out,run out,cost,spread等。二、多义词易错点The book is helpful as it many of the problems we have come across in our study.A.covers B.refersC.reportsD.improve

38、s【解题探究】A。一看到cover考生马上会想到“覆盖”的意思，可是要注意它还有“包括；涉及；报道”等意思；三、同一动词构成的短语易错点Mrs.Black told her children to for bones when they were eating fish.A.look onB.look intoC.look upD.look out【解题探究】D。look into意为“往里面看；调查”；look up意为“抬头看；查阅”；look on意为“呈现”；look out for意为“小心,当心”。句意为：布朗太太告诉她的孩子们在吃鱼时要小心鱼刺。故正确答案为D。Thank you