湖北省2014高考英语二轮针对性训练课件：阅读理解 第1讲“难解难分”的标题归纳题.ppt

1、第一讲“难解难分”的标题归纳题标题是文章的点睛之笔。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属于深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，准确把握文章大意及作者的写作意图。一般说来，标题应该具有概括性、针对性、简洁性三个突出特点。其中概括性，是指标题应最大限度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性，是指标题的含义要直接指向文章的主要内容；简洁性，则是指标题应言简意赅，能吸引读者的注意力，并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣等。(2013湖北卷)Weve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger c

2、ontinues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization(WHO)，more people now die from being overweight，or say，from being extremely fat，than from being underweight.Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse，nearly 18 million c

3、hildren under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.Whats going on?We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s

4、，Finland，for example，had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in F

5、inland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005，and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the worlds most bodyconscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing

6、 it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say：its just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans，complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to

7、eating too much Americanstyle fast food.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately，the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape，or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world，although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see

8、their kids shape up.Do as I saynot as I do.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。这个世界真奇怪，一方面，我们在与全球性饥饿问题作斗争；另一方面，肥胖成为人类健康的杀手。在有些国家人们吃减肥药，或者做手术去掉多余的脂肪，而且这已成为一种时尚。真正解决问题的办法是锻炼，但人们不想动，而且难以拒绝美食的诱惑。看来解决肥胖问题任重道远。1 What is the“strange”point mentioned in the first sentence?AThe good life is a greater risk than the bad life.BStarvati

9、on is taking more peoples lives in the world.CWHO report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.DOverweight issue remains unresolved despite WHOs efforts.解析：细节理解题。第一段指出一个奇怪的现象：一方面，世界卫生组织的报告表明应对世界性的饥饿问题至关重要；另一方面，死于肥胖的人增多，由此判断选A：生活太好带来的危害比生活太苦带来的危害更多。B项“饥饿使世界上更多的人死去”、C项“世界卫生组织的报告表明人们不关注食品安全问题”、D项“尽管

10、世界卫生组织在努力，肥胖问题依旧没有解决”都不正确。答案：A2Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?AA lot of effective diet pills are available.BBody image has nothing to do with good food.CThey have been made fully aware of its dangers.DThere are too many overweight people in the world.解析：推理判

11、断题。第三段说，从2001年开始的公众健康运动已经使肥胖的危害深入人心，以至于在芬兰，人们吃减肥药，做脂肪切除手术；第六段说，我们知道要减肥的话我们该做什么，但做不做又是另外一个问题了。从这些信息看，作者认为现在肥胖率居高不下的原因是，人们知道肥胖的危害，但就是不采取措施锻炼减肥。答案：C3The example of Finland is used to illustrate_.Athe cause of heart diseaseBthe fashion of body shapingCthe effectiveness of a campaignDthe history of a bod

12、yconscious country解析：推理判断题。文章在介绍芬兰的情况时说，在20世纪70年代，在芬兰，肥胖引起的心脏病发病率世界最高，通过公众健康运动，心脏病的死亡率在过去30年下降了80%。因此作者介绍芬兰的目的不是为了说明心脏病的起因、塑身的时尚、意识到身体问题的国家的历史，而是说明这个国家掀起的健康运动的效果：降低了心脏病发病率。答案：C4Which would be the best title for the passage?AActions or Excuses?BOverweight or Underweight?CWHO in a DilemmaDNo Longer Dy

13、ing of Hunger解析：主旨大意题。本文作者围绕肥胖问题进行了论述，说人们都知道肥胖的危害，却不愿意积极锻炼，宁可通过吃减肥药或切除脂肪来减肥，还把肥胖问题归咎于快餐，归咎于自己的遗传基因等等，因此本文的题目应该是A项：是行动起来，还是继续为自己找借口？答案：A1解答标题归纳题，三大原则要注意：首先概括要全面，其次标题要新颖，最后主题要明确，这样成功属于你。2在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章主题相关的信息，找出概括全文的核心词汇或主题句。例如：真题示例第4题为标题归纳题，第六段是关键信息段。我们都知道我们该做的事是减肥，但是知易行难，一半多的人承认我们缺乏意志

14、力，故用Actions or Excuses？为标题。3确认选项内容是否符合文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。Test 1(2013湖北七市4月联考)Forget hard work and perseverance.Getting ahead is as simple as tidying your desk.According to a leading expert，having a clutteredenvironment reflects a cluttered mind，but the act of tidying up can help you be mo

15、re successful.The advice comes from Jayne Morris，the resident“life coach”for NHS Online，who said it is no good just moving the mess around.In order to clear the mind，unwanted items must be thrown away to free your“inner world”，she said.Ms Morris，who claims to have coached celebrities to major busine

16、ss figures，said：“Clearing clutter from your desk has the power to transform your business.”How？Because clutter in your outer environment is the physical sign of all the clutter going on inside of you.“Clearing clutter has a chain effect across your entire life，including your work.Having an untidy de

17、sk covered in clutter could be stopping you achieving the business success you want.”She is sure cleaning up will be helpful even though some of historys biggest achievers lived and worked in messy conditions.Churchill was considered untidy from a boy throughout his life，from his office to his artis

18、ts studio，and the lab where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin was famously untidy.Among the recommendations is that simply tidying a desk at work and an overflowing filing cabinet(陈列柜)will instantly have a positive impact on“your inner world”Anything that is no longer used should not be put in

19、to storage but thrown away completely.Keeping something in the loft，garage or other part of the house，does not help because it is still connected to the person“by tiny energetic lines”，Ms Morris claims.She said，“The things in your life that are useful to you，that add value to your life，that serve a

20、current purpose are charged with positive energy that refreshes you and enriches your life.But the things that you dont ever use and dont need anymore have the opposite effect on your energy.Things that no longer fit or serve you，use up your energy.”语篇解读清理桌柜杂物有助于事业成功。那些你不再使用也不再需要但依然保留着的东西会对你的精力产生反面效

21、果，那些不再适合你或不再为你服务的东西则会消耗你的精力。凌乱的环境反映大脑处于混乱状态，清理一下杂物能帮助你获得更大的成功。1 The underlined word“cluttered”(in Paragarph 2)is closest in meaning to_.AmessyBbrief Ccomplex Daggressive解析：词义猜测题。画线词后面提到，收拾整理的行为可能会帮助你更成功，而but表示前后两句为转折关系。由此结合选项可知，A项符合文意。答案：A2Which of the following statements does Ms Morris agree to?AC

22、hanging the position of staff frequently will help to build up a clear mind.BA tidy office will lead to a success in your business affairs in no time.CTo have a free mind，we need to throw away unneeded items at times.DYou can pack up your things in garage or loft to cheer you up.解析：细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句提到

23、“In order to clear the mind，unwanted items must be thrown away to free your inner world”可知，C项与此相符合。答案：C3According to Ms Morris，an untidy desk probably means that_.Ayou are quite a failureByou are in a messy mindCyou are too tired to deal with itDyou have achieved the business success解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段

24、第三句“Because clutter in your outer.clutter going on inside of you.”可知，B项符合题意。答案：B4Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?ALess untidy，more successfulBHow to improve your inner worldCCleaning up makes you less intelligentDBeing bigger achiever needs more effort解析：标题概括题。根据文章第二段第

25、一句中的“the act of tidying up can help you be more successful”并结合下文可知，“Less untidy，more successful”最适合作为文章标题。答案：ATest 2(2013湖北武汉4月调研)Police traded gift cards for guns in Los Angeles on Wednesday，in a buyback program Mayor Antonio Villaraigosaannounced as a crimefighting response to the deadly shooting

26、incident in Newtown，Connecticut.Police officers handed out$200 grocery store gift cards to people who turned in an automatic weapon，and$100 gift cards to those who provided a handgun or shotgun.Los Angeles has held an annual gun buyback since 2009，and similar events have been organized in years past

27、 in several other cities，including Detroit and Boston.Police in San Diego had a buyback earlier this month.Some experts say the buybacks have little effect in reducing gun violence，but Villaraigosa touted the buyback program as one step that can be taken in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary Scho

28、ol shooting in Newtown，Connecticut，on December 14 that claimed the lives of 20 children and six adult staff members.Los Angeles normally has its gun buyback in May，but Villaraigosa announced last week that the city would have this special buyback in response to the Newtown tragedy(悲剧)“There are a nu

29、mber of things we can do.This is just one of them，”Villaraigosa said on CNN.“Weve got to also address the culture of violence that weve got in this country.”At last count，the Los Angeles gun buyback had collected 1,366 firearms，including 477 handguns and 49 assault weapons，said Vicki Curry，a spokesw

30、oman for the mayor.The buyback ended at 4 pm local time，but a final number of guns collected was not expected to be released before Thursday.In May，the citys annual gun buyback program collected 1,673 firearms at six locations，compared to two locations used for the program on Wednesday，Curry said.At

31、 each of the locations where the buyback was held，a line of cars stretched around the block，Curry said.People dropping off their guns were asked to leave them in the trunks of their cars，where officers collected the weapons.While officials in Los Angeles and elsewhere have said the gun buybacks help

32、 keep streets safe，a 2004 report by the National Research Council of the National Academies questioned that conclusion.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。详细介绍了洛杉矶警方开展回收枪支活动的有关情况。5What is the purpose of this special gun buyback program?ATo distribute gift cards.BTo buy private guns.CTo respond to the shooting.DTo encoura

33、ge people to consume.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.as a crime fighting response to the deadly shooting incident in Newtown，Connecticut.”可知，C项正确。答案：C6The underlined word“touted”(in Para.3)is close in meaning to“_”Apraised Bquitted Cdesigned Daccepted解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“but”一词可知，Villaraigosa的看法和“some experts”的看法相

34、反。由此可推知，一些专家认为枪支回购对减少枪支暴力意义不大，而Villaraigosa却赞扬这种做法。tout应与“praise”意思相近。答案：A7Compared with an annual gun buyback，this special one is _.Aabnormal BflexibleCwelcome Ddangerous解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“At each of the locations where the buyback was held，a line of cars stretched around the block”可知，在每个回收现场的街区都排

35、着一列长长的车队，说明了人们对这次行动表示支持，也就是说该行动是受欢迎的。答案：C8Which could be the best title for the passage?AA creative gun buyback BTwo different gun buybacksCGuns for Gift Cards DOpposition to gun buyback 解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了洛杉矶警方开展了回收枪支活动，用购物卡来换枪支的有关情况。答案：CTest 3(2013湖北省武汉市高中毕业生二月调研测试)Modern Japan is proud of man

36、y technological wonders：robot dogs that run and bark，creative household appliances that make everyday life easier，and computers that make complex problems almost childishly simple.But when it comes to which invention is the best，the Japanese may not be thinking with their heads or their hearts，but t

37、heir stomachs.They named instant noodles the best invention of the 20th century.As for lifechangingtechnology，karaoke came in at No.2.The admittedly nonscientific survey by the Fuji Research Institute attached to Tokyo University asked 2,000 adults in the Tokyo region to rate the greatest inventions

38、 of the 20th century in three categories：manufactured goods，culture and technology.Respondents were asked to take into consideration worldwide acceptance of the various customs and inventions.An astonishing number of 692 placed instant noodles，a Japanese“invention”in 1958，at the top of the list.Inst

39、ant noodles went into commercial production in 1971，and almost 50 billion cups are now consumed each year worldwide.In 1996，a giant billboard of a steaming cup of noodles was set up above Times Square in New York City，a proud declaration that the place“ramen”has earned in world cuisine(烹饪)Headphone

40、stereo sets，TV video games，CDs and cameras came in order respectively.They were ranked behind instant noodles and offkey howling.Known as“Poketto Monsters”(“Pocket Monsters”)in Japan，Pikachu and his popular little friends came in at No.8.In view of practicality，automobilerelatedtechnology came in at

41、 No.9automobiles themselves，invented overseas，were not ranked at all.Sushi，perhaps the original fast food in Japan，rounded out the top list.While the Fuji Institutes survey may not have been the most scientific，it does suggest one thing：technology may rule the world，but at least in Tokyo；it begins a

42、nd ends with the taste buds(味蕾)语篇解读日本人引以为豪的发明很多，然而在他们心目中最伟大的发明还是与他们的生活息息相关的方便面。9Instant noodles were considered the best invention of the 20th century in terms of_.Apracticality BacceptanceCtechnology Dcommerce解 析：细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段 的 第 二 句“Respondents were asked to take into consideration worldwid

43、e acceptance of the various customs and inventions.”可知，方便面排名第一是从全球的接受程度而言的，故答案为B。答案：B10 The underlined part“offkey howling”in Para.3 probably refers to_.APoketto Monsters BautomobilesCPikachuDkaraoke解 析：推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 中 的“karaoke came in at No.2”可知卡拉OK排在第二；再结合第三段的前两句“Headphone stereo se

44、ts，TV video games，CDs and cameras came in order respectively.They were ranked behind instant noodles and offkey howling.”可知，offkey howling与karaoke是同一个事物。答案：D11According to the survey，which was ranked the last on the list of the best inventions?ACameras.BCDs.CSushi.DAutomobilerelated technology.解析：推理

45、判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Sushi，perhaps the original fast food in Japan，rounded out the top list.”可知，Sushi是最好的发明前10名中排名最后的一个。round out使圆满，使完整。答案：C12Whats the best title for the passage?ANoodles，the Best InventionBThe Lifechanging TechnologyCJapan，the Powerful CountryDWonders of Japan解析：主旨大意题。第一段的倒数第二句“They named instant noodles the best invention of the 20th century”是第一段乃至全文的主题句，再结合文章最后的点题句“it begins and ends with the taste buds(味蕾)”可知，A项最适合作为文章标题。答案：A