2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：语法 代词 语法精讲 WORD版含答案.doc

1、代词考点一人称代词人称代词有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语时用主格,作宾语或表语时用宾格。主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthemTom is a student.He works very hard.汤姆是一名学生,他学习非常努力。Please send her the parcel.请把包裹寄给她。He has a dog to keep him company.他有一条狗陪伴他。作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。Tom,go and clean the yard.汤姆,去打扫院子

2、。Why me?为什么是我?在比较状语从句中,than,as后用主格或宾格都可以。He is taller than Ime.他比我高。考点二物主代词形容词性物主代词my,our,your,his,her,its,their作定语名词性物主代词mine,ours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs作主语、宾语或表语The students are doing their homework.学生们正在做作业。Your room is big while mine is small.你的房间大,而我的房间小。考点三指示代词指示代词用法thisthese指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物

3、;this可指下文将要谈到的人或物thatthose指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情,意思是“如此,这样”。在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量

4、)好。Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。考点四相互代词相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。所有格是在其后加s,在句中作定语。We have to help one another.我们得互相帮助。They looked into each others eyes for a silent company.他们默默地对视了一会儿。考点五反身代词反身代词包括oneself,himself,he

5、rself,itself,themselves,yourself,yourselves,myself,ourselves,可以在句中作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。1.与动词构成词组:be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然;enjoy oneself 玩得开心;come to oneself 恢复知觉,苏醒过来;help oneself to sth.为自己取用某物;devote oneself to sth.致力于某事2.与介词构成词组:by oneself 独自地;for oneself 亲自;by itself 自动地;to oneself 独占,独用考点六不定代词1.anoth

6、er,the other,other,others 的区别(1)another “又一;再一;另一”,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。This coat is too dark.Please show me another.这件外套颜色太深了,请给我另拿一件。(2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指,常用于one.the other.。He has two booksone is a textbook,and the other is a novel.他有两本书一本是课本,另一本是小说。(3)other作定语,表示“另外的,其他的”。We stu

7、dy Chinese,maths,English and other lessons.我们学习汉语、数学、英语和其他课程。(4)others作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,相当于“other+复数名词”。Some are singing and dancing,some are drawing,others are climbing the hill.有的在唱歌跳舞,有的在画画,还有的在爬山。2.指代词it,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的区别代词指代例句it指代前面提到的同一个人或物I cant find my bike.I dont know

8、where I have put it.我找不到我的自行车,我不知道我放在哪儿了。(it指代my bike) oneaan+单数名词We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one based on your own interests.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营,您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。(one代替“a summer camp”)ones指代上文同类的复数名词Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents,ones that I had never seen.张先

9、生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,这些(礼物)是我从来没见过的。(ones代替“presents”)the onethe+单数名词The book on the desk is better than the one under the desk.桌上的那本书比桌下的那本书要好。(the one代替“the book”,此处也可以使用that)the onesthosethe+复数名词The books on the desk are better than the onesthose under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的那些书好。(the onesthose代替“the books”)t

10、hatthe+单数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。(that代替“the joy”)I think the weather in Hangzhou is much better than that in Beijing.我觉得杭州的天气比北京的强多了。(that 代替the weather)3.no one,nobody,none,nothing的区别(1)no one,nobod

11、y表示“没有人;谁也不”,只指人,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。常用来问答who引导的问句。Charles was alone at home,with no one looking after him.查尔斯一个人在家,没人照顾他。(2)none“没人;没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物,表示三个或三个以上的人或物。none后可接of短语,常用来回答how manymuch引导的问句。How many of you have seen the film?你们中有多少人看过这部电影?None (of us).一个也没有。(3)nothing意为“没有东西”,只指物。一般回答what提问的句子。

12、Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.我一生中没有什么像我第一次去故宫那样给我留下深刻印象了。4.all,both,either,any,neither的区别(1)all指所有的人或物,表示“(三者或三者以上)全部;都”。They all agreed to the plan.他们都同意这项计划。(2)both表示“两者都”。You are both too young.你们两个都太小了。(3)either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。Either of the two s

13、tories is very interesting.这两个故事哪个都很有趣。(4)any表示“(三者或三者以上)任何一个”,也可表示不可数名词。Im sorry I cant lend you any (money).对不起,我不能借给你钱。(5)neither表示“(两者)都不”。Because Henry and Mark had to work,neither of them came yesterday.因为亨利和马克要工作,所以昨天两人都没来。考点七it的用法1.it指时间、距离、天气等Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有

14、112英里。2.指代前面提到过的同一事物Your story is interesting,but I dont like it.你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜欢。Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗?No,I havent found it.还没有。3.it作形式主语的句型(1)It+be+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。It is necessary to change your job.你换一下工作是有必要的。(2)It

15、+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!你放弃这样一个好机会是多么傻啊!(3)It+be+n.(+for sb.sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity,shame,pleasure,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners等。It is b

16、ad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据老人的座位是不礼貌的。(4)It+be+adj.n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:nolittle use,nomuch good,useless,no fun等。Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(5)It+be+adj.+主语从句。在“It is naturalnecessaryimportantstrange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should

17、可以省略。Its necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers.掌握电脑操作技术是有必要的也是很重要的。4.it作形式宾语的情况(1)主语+believefindfeelthinkguesssupposemake+it+adj.+不定式动词-ing形式从句。I feel it hard to climb the hill.我感觉爬山很困难。(2)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟宾语从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like,dislike,ha

18、te,appreciate,depend on,rely on,count on等。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人说话时嘴里含着食物。1.Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to ( I ) the two simple words “Be yourself”.(2019北京)2.One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause (they) to stay awake almos

19、t all night.(2018年11月浙江)3.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.(2018年6月浙江)4.Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and (they) use unconsciously.(2017年11月浙江)5.In many ways,the education system in the US

20、 is not very different from in the UK.(2016年6月浙江)答案及剖析:1.myself考查反身代词。此处用作宾语,表示对自己低声说,所以用myself。2.them考查代词。根据will cause可知,其后接they的宾格形式,语意表示“导致他们几乎整晚睡不着”。3.it考查代词。此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是to eat out。该句中要注意倒装结构,how cheap是表语,构成倒装。4.their此处所填单词作定语,修饰名词use,因此要用形容词性物主代词。5.that句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查指示代词,that 在此处指代the education system。