（新教材）《人教版》20版《高中全程学习方略》必修二课件：UNIT 1 DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES（英语） .ppt

1、Unit 1Cultural HeritageDiscovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses(3)【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比填空:1.Do you know the man _ spoke at the meeting just now?2.The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.whowhich/that【要义详析】一、定语从句的概述定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词who;whom;whose;which;that;as关系副词wh

2、en;where;why*Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge which is the worlds longest cross-sea bridge opened to public traffic at 9 am Wednesday.(which引导的定语从句)世界上最长的跨海大桥港珠澳大桥,在星期三的九点开始通车。*I grew up in a small village where everybody knew me.(where引导的定语从句)我在一个小镇上长大,那里的每一个人都认识我。【名师点津】先行词与关系词1.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2.关系

3、词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3.关系词通常有下列三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。4.关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语;关系副词在从句中作状语。【即学活用】语法填空(1)(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2)(2019浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in

4、 the dark.whothat/which(3)(2019北京高考)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.(4)(2018天津高考)Kate,_ sister I shared a roomwith when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.who/thatwhose(5)(2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age _ dreams have

5、the best chance of coming true.(6)(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.whenwhere二、关系代词和关系副词的区别 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法:用法依据根据从句的谓语动词若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词,则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;若作状语用关系副词*I visited the village where many ch

6、ildren couldnt go to school because of poverty.(作状语)我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。*I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.(作主语)我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。【即学活用】语法填空(1)(2019全国卷)One afternoon _ I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.when(2)(2017北京高考)The little problem

7、s _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(3)The reason _he resigned was that he didnt get on well with the boss.that/whichwhy(4)(2018全国卷)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris _ we will visit Disneyland Paris park.世纪金榜导学号(5)Picasso painted many pictures _ the

8、 main colors are blue and pink.(6)Her children have come to a stage _ they can speak out single words instead of sentences.wherewherewhere三、介词+关系代词 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词的确定的原则是:(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。*He is the man on w

9、hom you can rely.他是你可以信赖的人。*Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。*Ill never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。*The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through whichwe could

10、see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞,透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。*Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all ofwhich she spoke fluently.茱莉亚擅长德语、法语和俄语,这三样她都说得流利。【易错精点】在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如look after,look for等。The babies whom the nurses are looking afte

11、r are very healthy.(正确)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(错误)四、定语从句中关系词的省略关系词可以省略的几种情况(1)定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系词通常省略。*I have taken with me the two books(that/which)you asked me to return to the City Library.我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。(2)先行词是way,reason,time,place等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原

12、因、时间和地点状语时,其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which,why/that,when,where等可以省略。*The way(that/in which)you look at the problem is wrong.你看待问题的方式是错误的。(3)由and,but,or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时,第一个关系词可以省略,但第二、三个一般不可以省略*The reason(why/that)he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation.他

13、想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。【名师点津】介词+关系代词的常见句型(1)“代词+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中,代词常常为all,each,one,many,much,most,some,none,both等,“代词+of+which/whom”通常在定语从句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of+which/whom”置于代词前。*It is reported that two schools,both of which are being built in my hometown,will open next year.据报道,在我的家乡两所学

14、校都正在建设中,将于明年投入使用。(2)“数词+of+which/whom”引导定语从句这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时候也可以把“of+which/whom”置于数词前。数词包括百分数和基数词。(3)“the+名词+of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中,of which/whom充当定语,修饰前面的名词,整个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。(4)“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句There are two buildings,the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet hight.这儿有两座建筑物,较大的那座几乎有100英尺高。