专题08选修一Unit4（知识串讲）-2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）.docx

1、专题08 选修一Unit4（知识串讲）-2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）复习方向：1. 词汇变形归纳2. 具体词汇或句型讲解3. 语法概要一、词汇变形归纳1. twinkle vi. 闪烁；（眼睛因兴奋）发亮 n. 闪耀，闪烁；（眼睛的）闪亮2. steady adj. 稳定的，恒定的；稳步的，匀速的；平稳的，稳固的=stable adj. 稳定的 3. intensity n. 密度；密集，稠密-intense adj. 密集的；稠密的 4. horizon n. 地平线，海平线；（知识或兴趣的）范围，眼界-horizontal adj. 水平的 5. f

2、ragrant adj. 香的，芳香的-fragrance n. 芳香6. naked adj. 裸露的；无遮盖的=bare7. blend n. 混合物；融合 vt. 使混合 vi. 混合，融合8. obesity n. 肥胖-obese adj. 肥胖的 9. cognitive adj. 认知的-cognition n. 认知10. nerve n. 神经；神经紧张；勇气，气魄-nervous adj. 紧张的 11. transplant vt. 移植（器官）； vt. 移栽（植物） 12. vaccination n. 接种疫苗-vaccine n. 疫苗-vaccinate v.

3、接种疫苗 13. malnutrition n. 营养不良-nutrition n. 营养 14. isolation n. 隔离，隔离状态；孤独，孤立状态-isolate v. 隔离；孤立 15. inject vt.（给）注射（药物）；（给）添加，增加-injection n. 注射 16. alike adj. 相像，十分相似 adv. 十分相像地，很相似地；两者都，同样地 17. melt vi. & vt. 融化，（使）熔化；（使）软化，变得温柔 18. miracle n. 奇迹=wonder 19. accumulate vt. 积累，积聚 vi.（数量）逐渐增加-accumul

4、ation n.积累 20. humidity n. 湿度；高温潮湿-humid adj. 潮湿的21. resist vt. & vi. 抵制，阻挡；反抗，抵抗；忍住，抵挡 -resistance n. 抵制；阻挡-resistant adj. 抵抗的 22. fit in with 适应；（与）合得来=adapt to 23. cancel out 抵消，对消-cancelled out / cancelling out 24. intensify vi. & vt. （使）加强，增强-intensity n. 强度；紧张 25. be inset into 被嵌入. 26. cube n

5、. 立方形的东西；立方体-cubic adj. 立方体的二、具体词汇或句型讲解1. twinkle v. 闪耀；闪烁v.（眼睛因高兴或兴奋）闪光，发亮短语： twinkle with sth 带着.眨眼睛 twinkle at sb 朝某人眨眼睛变形：twinkling 瞬间；转眼in the twinkling of an eye 转眼之间例句：Her eyes twinkled with merriment. 她高兴得双眸闪闪发亮。He looked at me with a twinkle in his eye .他目光熠熠地望着我。Theboyvanishedinthetwinklin

6、gofaneye.这孩子一转眼就不见了。2.steady adj.（发展、增长等）稳步的，持续的，匀速的=constant反义词： unsteady不稳定的变形：steadily adv. 稳定地steadiness n. 稳定性短语：as steady as a rock十分可靠；稳如泰山例句：We are making slow but steady progress. 我们虽然缓慢但是在稳步前进。ThearticlediscussestherelationbetweenthesocialsteadinessandtheGreatWesternDevelopment.本文论述了社会稳定与西

7、部大开发之间的关系。3.density n. 密集；稠密；密度；浓度变形：dense adj 密集的例句：Thepopulationdensityofthatcountryis685persquaremile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。Theforestsdensegrowthprovidesnestingplacesforawidevarietyofbirds.森林里茂密的植物为各种各样的鸟儿提供了筑巢的地方。4.horizon n. 地平线; 范围；眼界短语：on the horizon很可能即将发生；已露端倪变形：horizontal adj. 水平的；与地面平行的；横的h

8、orizontally adv. 水平地例句：Theonlydarkcloudonthehorizonwasthattheymighthavetomovehouse.唯一的忧虑是他们可能要搬家。Asyourhorizonsexpand,thesenewideascangiveawholenewmeaningtolife随着眼界不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。Totheirsurprise,thebeesfoundthehigherhorizontallinequicklyandgotsugar.令他们惊讶的是，蜜蜂很快就找到了那条画得更高的水平线并拿到了糖。5.fragrant a

9、dj. 香的；芳香的变形：fragrance n. 香气；香味；芳香例句：Theflowersgaveoffafragrantperfume.花儿散发出芳香。Theairwasfragrantwiththesmelloforangeblossoms.空气里弥漫着橘子花的香气。6.naked adj. 裸体的；裸露的；不穿衣服的=bare直白的；露骨的；毫不掩饰的短语：with the naked eye用肉眼例句；Theressomuchgoingonthatyoucantseewiththenakedeye.有很多正在发生的事情肉眼是无法察觉的。Thenakedbulbwasdirectly

10、overhishead. 裸露的灯泡正好在他的头顶上方。7.blend v. 使混合；掺和短语：blend A with B blend in with sth / sb（与环境）和谐，协调blend into sth融合到（背景）中例句：Blend the flour with the milk to make a smooth paste. 把面粉和牛奶调成均匀的面糊。Oildoesnotblendwithwater.油不融于水。Thethievessoonblendedinwiththecrowdandgotaway. 窃贼很快混入人群逃跑了。8.obesity n. 肥胖；肥胖症变形：

11、obese adj. 虚胖的；肥胖的例句：Obesitycanincreasetheriskofheartdisease. 肥胖会增加患心脏病的危险。TherearehardlyanyobesepeopleinJapan.在日本很少有非常肥胖的人。9.cognitive adj. 认知的；感知的；认识的变形：cognition n. 认知;感知;认识例句：Aschildrengrowolder,theircognitiveprocessesbecomesharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。Thesedifferencesareassociatedwithbeneficia

12、leffectsoncognitivefunction.这些差异与认知功能的有益影响有关。10.nerve n. 神经; 勇气；气魄短语：get on ones nerves烦扰；使心神不定have nerves of steel 意志坚强；沉着冷静变形：nervous adj. 焦虑的；紧张的例句：Hisconstantmoaningwasbeginningtojaronhernerves.他不停的呻吟使她焦躁不安起来。Weneedtokeepournervenow.我们现在需要保持镇静。11.transplant v. 移植（器官）；移植（植物）短语： sth from sb / sth

13、into sb / sth变形：transplantation n. 移植例句：Surgeons have successfully transplanted a liver into a four-year-old boy.外科医生成功地给一个四岁的男孩移植了肝脏。Sinceherheartandlungtransplantoperationshehasgonefromstrengthtostrength做过心肺移植手术后，她的身体不断好转。12. isolation n. 隔离；隔离状态短语： from sb / sth变形：isolate v.（使）隔离，孤立，脱离短语：isolate

14、sb/sth from sb / sthisolated adj. 偏远的；孤零零的例句：To make sense, these figures should not be looked at in isolation.这些数据不应孤立起来看，否则就没有意义。Dontconsiderthefactsinisolationfromothers.不要孤立地考虑这些事实。Thedecisionleftthecountryisolatedfromitsallies.这个决定使这个国家在盟国中受到孤立。13.inject v. 注射变形：injection n. 注射短语；inject sth int

15、o . 把某物注入到. inject sb with sth 把某物注射到某人体内例句：She has been injecting herself with insulin since the age of 16.她从16岁起就开始自行注射胰岛素。His son was injected with strong drugs.他儿子被注射了烈性麻醉药。Shekepttryingtoinjectalittlefunintotheirrelationship她一直在设法为他们的关系增添一些乐趣。14.accumulate v. 积累；积聚变形：accumulation n. 积累；累积例句：Kno

16、wledgeisaccumulatedlittlebylittle.知识是一点点儿积累起来的。Thosememoriesaccumulatedinthepastthreeyearsseemtoleapupvividlybytheeyes.三年来所积淀的往事历历在目。Undertheaccumulationoftime,Iexpecttomaturegenerally.在时间的储积下，我期望逐渐变得成熟。15. humidity n. 湿度变形：humid adj. 潮湿的例句：These plants need heat and humidity to grow well. 这些植物在高温潮湿

17、的环境中才能生长得旺盛。Thehouseisnotcomfortabletonightbecauseofthehighhumidity.由于湿度高，今晚屋子里不舒服。16.resist v. 抵制；阻挡短语：resist doing sth 抵制做某事变形：resistive adj. 抗的；耐的resistance n. 反对；抵制；抗拒例句：The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.银行强烈反对降低利率。A healthy diet should help your body resist infection.健康饮食有助于身体抗感

18、染。17.intensify v.（使）加强，增强，加剧变形：intensification例句：The opposition leader has intensified his attacks on the government.反对派领袖加强了对政府的攻击。Conflictbetweenemployersandworkersintensifiedandthenumberofstrikesrose.劳资矛盾加剧，罢工次数增多。Britain is intensifying its efforts to secure the release of the hostages.英国正加紧努力确保

19、人质的获释。18.be inset into sth被嵌入变形：inset n. 嵌入物；附加物例句：Ceramictileswereinsetintothetables.桌子上镶嵌着瓷砖。19. hook n. 钩；挂钩；鱼钩吸引人的事物；诱饵v. （使）钩住，挂住对某某上瘾短语：be hooked on.对某某上瘾（一般指不太好的方面，如迷上吸毒）例句：Someloveaddictsmaybehookedonfantasylovers. 一些爱情成瘾者还可能着迷于幻想爱人。Ibelieveyouwillbehookedoncollectingstamps. 相信你一定会迷上集邮的。20.

20、cube n. 立方体；立方形; 立方形的东西（尤指食物）变形：cubic adj. 立方的；立方形的例句：Howmanyfacesdoesacubehave?立方体有几个面？Cutthemeatintocubes.把肉切成小方块。三、语法概要-虚拟语气的其他情况复习 含蓄虚拟：有时假设的情况并不是以条件句的形式表示，而是通过一些介词短语或上下文等方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句，其作用与非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换为非真实条件句。or, otherwise, with, without, but for, but, under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中。例：But for the

21、 storm I would have arrived much earlier.Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier.=If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气：1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do例：I went to

22、bed early last night, but I wish I hadnt done so.Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _would teach_me how.would rather that.虚拟：1)与现在事实相反 : would rather + (that)+did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : would rather + (that)+had done3)与将来事实相反 : would rather + did(were)例： Id rat

23、her that you _had gone_ there yesterday and _went_ again next weekend. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _hadnt done_ that.一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语通常用“（should）+V原形”1). insist2). order, command3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desire例：1. The teacher ord

24、ered that students_B_.A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked2. The teacher demanded that the work _D_ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished 3.The guard there insisted that everybody _B_ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey注意：1）insist作“

25、坚决（主张），坚决（要求）”解时，表示一个主张或一种看法，后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气；作“坚持（说）”，表示一个事实，后接的从句采用陈述语气。2）suggest作“表明，暗示”用陈述语气；作“建议”时才用虚拟语气。例：1. Mike insisted that he _had not stolen_ (steal) anything.2. Mike insisted that he _should leave_ (leave) for London now.基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词：suggested, requested, ord

26、ered, proposed2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词: important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising 3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that+ (should)+动词原形+例：It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictiona

27、ry.It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气:在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例：My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.I make a proposal th

28、at we (should) hold a meeting next week.状语从句中的虚拟语气:用在由as if/though引导的状语从句中:1.表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；2.表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;3.表示将来用would + 动词原形。例：1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _C_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2. The two strangers talked a

29、s if they _D_friends for years.A. should be B. would beC. have been D. had beenIf only 要是就好了 = I wish1)与现在事实相反 : did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : had done3)与将来事实相反 : would/could/might+do例：If only I had taken her advice!(take) 如果我听从了她的建议就好了。(事实是：我没有听从)Its (about/high) time +that的虚拟语气Its (about/high) time +that-过去时/should +V.例：Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.=Its time for us to go to bed. 我们该去睡觉了。